23 APR Mwepụta nke ụdị Ubuntu 20.04, nke akpọrọ Focal Fossa, bụ ntọhapụ ogologo oge na-esote (LTS) nke Ubuntu ma bụrụ ihe na-aga n'ihu nke Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ewepụtara na 2018.
Obere maka aha koodu. Okwu ahụ bụ "Focal" pụtara "ebe etiti" ma ọ bụ "akụkụ kachasị mkpa", ya bụ, ọ na-ejikọta ya na echiche nke ilekwasị anya, etiti nke ihe ọ bụla, ihe omume, ihe omume, na "Fossa" nwere mgbọrọgwụ "FOSS" (Free and Open-Source Software - free and open source software) na omenala ịkpọ ụdị Ubuntu aha anụmanụ pụtara. - anụ ọhịa kachasị na-eri anụ sitere na ezinụlọ civet si n'agwaetiti Madagascar.
Ndị mmepe ahụ na-edobe Ubuntu 20.04 dị ka mmelite kachasị na nke ọma na nkwado maka afọ 5 na-esote maka desktọpụ na sava.
Ubuntu 20.04 bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya na-aga n'ihu nke Ubuntu 19.04 "Disco Dingo" na Ubuntu 19.10 "Eoan Ermine". Na ụdị desktọpụ, na-agbaso usoro ọhụrụ, isiokwu gbara ọchịchịrị apụtala. Yabụ, na Ubuntu 20.04 enwere nhọrọ atọ maka isiokwu Yaru ọkọlọtọ:
- Ìhè,
- Ọchịchịrị,
- Ọkọlọtọ.
E wepụrụ ngwa Amazon ahụ. Ubuntu 20.04 na-eji ụdị kachasị ọhụrụ dị ka shei eserese ndabara .
Mgbanwe isi
Ubuntu 20.04 dabere na kernel 5.4, nke ewepụtara na Nọvemba 24, 2019. Ụdị a webatara ọtụtụ ihe ọhụrụ dị mkpa, nke anyị ga-atụle n'okpuru.
Ugbolu 4
Ndị injinia canonical nwalere algọridim mkpakọ dị iche iche maka kernel na initramfs boot image, na-agbalị ịchọta ahịa n'etiti mkpakọ kacha mma (obere faịlụ obere) na oge nkwụsịtụ. Mkpakọ algorithm na-enweghị atụ lz4 gosipụtara nsonaazụ kacha pụta ìhè ma tinye ya na Ubuntu 19.10, na-enye ya ohere ibelata oge buut ma e jiri ya tụnyere mwepụta ndị gara aga (Ubuntu 18.04 na 19.04). Otu algọridim ahụ ga-adị na Ubuntu 20.04.
Linux Lockdown Kernel
Njirimara Lockdown na-akwalite nchekwa nke kernel Linux site na igbochi ohere ịnweta ọrụ ndị nwere ike inye ohere igbu koodu aka ike site na koodu nke usoro onye ọrụ kpughere. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, ọbụlagodi akaụntụ superuser mgbọrọgwụ enweghị ike ịgbanwe koodu kernel. Nke a na-enye gị ohere ibelata mmebi site na mbuso agha, ọbụlagodi mgbe emebighị akaụntụ mgbọrọgwụ. Ya mere, nchekwa zuru oke nke sistemụ arụmọrụ na-abawanye.
exFAT
Sistemụ faịlụ FAT Microsoft anaghị ekwe ka ibufe faịlụ karịrị 4 GB. Iji merie mmachi a, Microsoft mepụtara sistemu faịlụ exFAT (site na Bekee Extended FAT - “Fat Extended”). Ugbu a ị nwere ike hazie, dịka ọmụmaatụ, USB mbanye ka exFAT iji Sistemụ faịlụ exFAT.
WireGuard
Ọ bụ ezie na Ubuntu 20.04 agaghị eji 5.6 kernel, ọbụlagodi ọ bụghị ozugbo, ọ na-eji WireGuard backport na 5.4 kernel. WireGuard bụ , ya mere nsonye n'ime kernel enyela Ubuntu 20.04 ohere na uzo igwe ojii.
Emeziri na ugbu a multi-threaded ngwa nwere ike na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa. Agbakwunyela onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nke na-enye gị ohere iji ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na ihe mmetụta voltaji nke Ryzen processors rụọ ọrụ.
Ndị a abụghị ihe ọhụrụ pụtara na kernel 5.4. Enwere ike ịchọta nyocha zuru ezu na akụrụngwa (na bekee) na na forum (na Russian).
Iji Kubernetes
Canonical emejuputala nkwado zuru oke na Ubuntu 20.04 na nkwado , и .
Wụnye Kubectl na Ubuntu 20.04:
# snap install kubectl --classic
kubectl 1.18.0 from Canonical ✓ installedIji SNAP
Canonical na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite usoro ngwugwu zuru ụwa ọnụ - snap. Nke a pụtara ìhè karịa na ntọhapụ nke Ubuntu 20.04. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbalị na-agba ọsọ a mmemme na-adịghị arụnyere, mgbe mbụ niile a ga-enye gị iji wụnye ya:
# snap install <package>
Nkwado ZFS emelitere
Ọ bụ ezie na , ọ ka bụ sistemụ faịlụ ama ama yana nkwado nnwale agbakwunyere na Ubuntu 19.10.
Ọ dị mma ma kwụsie ike maka ịchekwa data, otu ebe nchekwa ụlọ ma ọ bụ nchekwa ihe nkesa na-arụ ọrụ (“site na igbe” ọ nwere ike ime karịa otu LVM). ZFS na-akwado nha nkebi ruo 256 quadrillion Zettabytes (ya mere "Z" n'aha) ma nwee ike ijikwa faịlụ ruru 16 Exabyte n'ogo.
ZFS na-eme nyocha iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe data dabere na otu esi etinye ha na diski. Njirimara nnomi-na-ede na-eme ka o doo anya na edeghachighị data a na-eji. Kama, edere ozi ọhụrụ ahụ na ngọngọ ọhụrụ yana melite metadata sistemụ faịlụ iji rụtụ aka na ya. ZFS na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta snapshots (snapshots faịlụ faịlụ) na-esochi mgbanwe emere na sistemụ faịlụ wee gbanwee data na ya iji chekwaa ohere diski.
ZFS na-ekenye checksum na faịlụ ọ bụla dị na diski ahụ ma na-enyocha ọkwa ya mgbe niile megide ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọ chọpụta na faịlụ ahụ mebiri emebi, ọ ga-agbalị imezi ya ozugbo. Ubuntu installer ugbu a nwere nhọrọ dị iche na-enye gị ohere iji ZFS. Ị nwere ike ịgụkwu gbasara akụkọ ZFS na atụmatụ ya na blọọgụ .
Daalụ Python 2.X
Ewebata ụdị Python nke atọ laa azụ na 2008, mana ọbụlagodi afọ 12 ezughi oke maka ọrụ Python 2 iji mee mgbanwe na ya.
Laa azụ na Ubuntu 15.10, a gbara mbọ ịhapụ Python 2, mana nkwado ya gara n'ihu. Ma ugbu a Eprel 20, 2020 pụtara , nke bụ mwepụta ọhụrụ nke ngalaba Python 2. Agaghị enwe mmelite ọzọ maka ya.
Ubuntu 20.04 anaghị akwado Python 2 ma jiri Python 3.8 dị ka ụdị Python nke ndabara. N'ụzọ dị mwute, enwere ọtụtụ ọrụ Python 2 fọdụrụ n'ụwa, na maka ha mgbanwe na Ubuntu 20.04 nwere ike na-egbu mgbu.
Ị nwere ike iwunye ụdị Python 2 kachasị ọhụrụ site na iji otu iwu:
# apt install python2.7Na mgbakwunye na Python 3.8, ndị mmepe nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ụdị ngwaọrụ emelitere gụnyere:
- MySQL 8
- glibc 2.31,
- Mepee JDK 11
- PHP 7.4
- Ọnụ ego 5.30
- Gburugburu 1.14.
Daalụ 32 bits
Ruo ọtụtụ afọ ugbu a, Ubuntu enyebeghị ihe oyiyi ISO maka kọmputa 32-bit. Ugbu a, ndị ọrụ nke ụdị 32-bit nke Ubuntu nwere ike ịkwalite na Ubuntu 18.04, mana ha agaghịzi enwe ike ịkwalite na Ubuntu 20.04. Ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji 32-bit Ubuntu 18.04 ugbu a, ị nwere ike ịnọnyere ya ruo Eprel 2023.
Otu esi emelite
Ịkwalite na Ubuntu 20.04 site na nsụgharị ndị gara aga dị mfe dị ka pears na-agbapụ - na-agba ọsọ iwu ndị a:
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
# sudo do-release-upgradeObi dị anyị ụtọ ịkpọsa na Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) adịlarị dị ka onyonyo maka igwe mebere na anyị. . Mepụta akụrụngwa IT mebere nke gị site na iji ngwanrọ kachasị ọhụrụ!
Gbasie: Ndị ọrụ Ubuntu 19.10 ga-enwe ike ịkwalite na 20.04 ugbu a, ndị ọrụ Ubuntu 18.04 ga-enwekwa ike ịkwalite mgbe ahapụchara 20.04.1, nke akwadoro maka mwepụta na July 23, 2020.
isi: www.habr.com