Ịzụlite ọrụ dị elu n'asụsụ ọ bụla chọrọ ụzọ pụrụ iche na iji ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche, ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ngwa na PHP, ọnọdụ ahụ nwere ike ịka njọ nke na ị ga-etolite, dịka ọmụmaatụ. . N'ime ndetu a, anyị ga-ekwu maka mgbu a maara nke ọma na nchekwa oge nkesa na nchekwa data na memcached yana otu anyị siri dozie nsogbu ndị a n'otu ọrụ “ward”.
Onye dike nke oge a bụ ngwa PHP dabere na usoro symfony 2.3, nke na-adịghị etinye na atụmatụ azụmahịa imelite. Na mgbakwunye na nchekwa nchekwa oge ọkọlọtọ, ọrụ a mere nke ọma amụma "caching ihe niile". na memcached: nzaghachi nye arịrịọ na nchekwa data na sava API, ọkọlọtọ dị iche iche, mkpọchi maka ịmekọrịta mmebe koodu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, mmebi nke memcached na-egbu egbu maka ọrụ nke ngwa ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, mfu cache na-eduga na nsonaazụ dị njọ: DBMS na-amalite ịgbawa na seams, ọrụ API na-amalite machibido arịrịọ, wdg. Idozi ọnọdụ ahụ nwere ike were nkeji iri iri, na n'oge a, ọrụ ahụ ga-adị nwayọ nwayọ ma ọ bụ enweghị ya kpamkpam.
Anyị kwesịrị inye ike n'usoro nhata ngwa na obere mgbalị, i.e. nwere obere mgbanwe na koodu isi mmalite yana arụ ọrụ zuru oke echekwara. Mee ka cache ọ bụghị naanị na-eguzogide ọdịda, kamakwa gbalịa iwelata ọnwụ data sitere na ya.
Kedu ihe dị njọ na memcached n'onwe ya?
Na mkpokọta, ndọtị memcached maka PHP na-akwado data ekesara na nchekwa oge n'ime igbe. Usoro nke hashing igodo na-agbanwe agbanwe na-enye gị ohere idowe data n'otu n'otu na ọtụtụ sava, na-ekwu okwu n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na igodo ọ bụla akọwapụtara nke otu ihe nkesa sitere na otu ahụ, yana ngwaọrụ arụrụ arụ arụrụ arụ na-eme ka ọrụ caching dị elu (mana, ọ dị nwute, enweghị data).
Ihe dị ntakịrị mma na nchekwa oge: ị nwere ike hazie memcached.sess_number_of_replicas, n'ihi nke a ga-echekwa data ahụ n'ọtụtụ sava ozugbo, ma ọ bụrụ na ọdịda nke otu memcached dara, a ga-ebufe data site na ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ihe nkesa na-alọghachi na ntanetị na-enweghị data (dị ka ọ na-emekarị mgbe ịmalitegharịa), a ga-ekesa ụfọdụ igodo na ihu ọma ya. N'ezie nke a ga-apụta ọnwụ nke data nnọkọ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ nweghị ụzọ ị ga-esi "gaa" na oyiri ọzọ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ furu efu.
A na-ezubere ngwa ọbá akwụkwọ ọkọlọtọ tumadi na kehoraizin scaling: ha na-enye gị ohere ịbawanye cache na nnukwu nha ma nye ohere ịnweta ya site na koodu kwadoro na sava dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ anyị, olu nke data echekwara adịghị agafe ọtụtụ gigabytes, na arụmọrụ nke otu ọnụ ma ọ bụ abụọ zuru oke. N'ihi ya, naanị ngwaọrụ ọkọlọtọ bara uru nwere ike ịbụ ịhụ na enwere memcached ka ị na-edobe opekata mpe otu cache n'ọnọdụ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji ohere a ọbụna mee ihe ... N'ebe a, ọ bara uru icheta oge ochie nke usoro eji eme ihe na oru ngo, nke mere na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịnweta ngwa iji rụọ ọrụ na ọdọ mmiri nke sava. Ka anyị ghara ichefu banyere ọnwụ nke data nnọkọ: anya ndị ahịa na-atụgharị site na nnukwu logout nke ndị ọrụ.
O doro anya na achọrọ ya ndegharị nke ndekọ na memcached na gafere oyiri n'ihe banyere mmejọ ma ọ bụ mmejọ. Nyere anyị aka ime atụmatụ a .
mcrouter
Nke a bụ rawụta memcached nke Facebook mepụtara iji dozie nsogbu ya. Ọ na-akwado ụkpụrụ ederede memcached, nke na-enye ohere nha memcached nrụnye ka ara ruru. Enwere ike ịchọta nkọwa zuru ezu nke mcrouter na . Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ ọ nwere ike ime ihe anyị chọrọ:
- ihe ndekọ oyiri;
- laghachi azụ na sava ndị ọzọ n'ime otu ma ọ bụrụ na njehie emee.
Gaa ọrụ!
nhazi mcrouter
Aga m aga ozugbo na nhazi:
{
"pools": {
"pool00": {
"servers": [
"mc-0.mc:11211",
"mc-1.mc:11211",
"mc-2.mc:11211"
},
"pool01": {
"servers": [
"mc-1.mc:11211",
"mc-2.mc:11211",
"mc-0.mc:11211"
},
"pool02": {
"servers": [
"mc-2.mc:11211",
"mc-0.mc:11211",
"mc-1.mc:11211"
},
"route": {
"type": "OperationSelectorRoute",
"default_policy": "AllMajorityRoute|Pool|pool00",
"operation_policies": {
"get": {
"type": "RandomRoute",
"children": [
"MissFailoverRoute|Pool|pool02",
"MissFailoverRoute|Pool|pool00",
"MissFailoverRoute|Pool|pool01"
]
}
}
}
}Gịnị kpatara ọdọ mmiri atọ? Kedu ihe kpatara eji emeghachi sava? Ka anyị chọpụta ka o si arụ ọrụ.
- Na nhazi a, mcrouter na-ahọrọ ụzọ a ga-eziga arịrịọ ahụ dabere na iwu arịrịọ. Nwoke ahụ gwara ya ihe a
OperationSelectorRoute. - Nweta arịrịọ gakwuru onye njikwa
RandomRoutenke na-ahọrọ ọdọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụzọ na-enweghị usoro n'etiti ihe n'usorochildren. Ihe ọ bụla n'usoro a bụ onye njikwaMissFailoverRoute, nke ga-agafe ihe nkesa ọ bụla na ọdọ mmiri ruo mgbe ọ na-enweta nzaghachi na data, nke a ga-eweghachite onye ahịa. - Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-eji naanị
MissFailoverRoutena ọdọ mmiri nke sava atọ, mgbe ahụ arịrịọ niile ga-ebute ụzọ na nke mbụ memcached, na ndị ọzọ ga-anata arịrịọ na ndabere fọdụrụ mgbe enweghị data. Ụzọ dị otú ahụ ga-eduga oke ibu na nkesa mbụ na ndepụta, yabụ e kpebiri imepụta ọdọ mmiri atọ nwere adreesị n'usoro dị iche iche wee họrọ ha na-enweghị usoro. - A na-ahazi arịrịọ ndị ọzọ niile (nke a bụ ndekọ) site na iji
AllMajorityRoute. Onye njikwa a na-eziga arịrịọ na sava niile nọ na ọdọ mmiri wee chere nzaghachi site na opekata mpe N/2 + 1 n'ime ha. Site na ijiAllSyncRouten'ihi na a ga-ahapụ ọrụ ide ihe, ebe ọ bụ na usoro a chọrọ nzaghachi dị mma site na всех sava na otu - ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-alaghachiSERVER_ERROR. Ọ bụ ezie na mcrouter ga-agbakwunye data na caches dị, ọrụ PHP na-akpọ ga-eweghachi mperi ma ga-emepụta ọkwa.AllMajorityRouteadịghị ike nke ukwuu ma na-enye ohere ka ewepụ ihe ruru ọkara nke nkeji ọrụ na-enweghị nsogbu ndị akọwara n'elu.
Isi mwepu Atụmatụ a bụ na ọ bụrụ na enweghị data na cache, mgbe ahụ maka arịrịọ ọ bụla sitere n'aka onye ahịa N arịrịọ maka memcached ga-eme n'ezie - ka niile sava na ọdọ mmiri. Anyị nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sava na ọdọ mmiri, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na abụọ: ịchụ àjà ntụkwasị obi, anyị na-enwetaоọsọ dị elu na obere ibu site na arịrịọ gaa na igodo efu.
NB: Ị nwekwara ike ịhụ njikọ bara uru maka ịmụ mcrouter и (gụnyere ndị mechiri emechi), na-anọchite anya ụlọ nkwakọba ihe niile nke nhazi dị iche iche.
Ụlọ na-agba ọsọ mcrouter
Ngwa anyị (ma memcached n'onwe ya) na-arụ ọrụ na Kubernetes - yabụ, mcrouter dịkwa ebe ahụ. Maka mgbakọ akpa anyị na -eji , nhazi nke ga-adị ka nke a:
NB: A na-ebipụta ndepụta ndị e nyere n'isiokwu ahụ na ebe nchekwa .
configVersion: 1
project: mcrouter
deploy:
namespace: '[[ env ]]'
helmRelease: '[[ project ]]-[[ env ]]'
---
image: mcrouter
from: ubuntu:16.04
mount:
- from: tmp_dir
to: /var/lib/apt/lists
- from: build_dir
to: /var/cache/apt
ansible:
beforeInstall:
- name: Install prerequisites
apt:
name: [ 'apt-transport-https', 'tzdata', 'locales' ]
update_cache: yes
- name: Add mcrouter APT key
apt_key:
url: https://facebook.github.io/mcrouter/debrepo/xenial/PUBLIC.KEY
- name: Add mcrouter Repo
apt_repository:
repo: deb https://facebook.github.io/mcrouter/debrepo/xenial xenial contrib
filename: mcrouter
update_cache: yes
- name: Set timezone
timezone:
name: "Europe/Moscow"
- name: Ensure a locale exists
locale_gen:
name: en_US.UTF-8
state: present
install:
- name: Install mcrouter
apt:
name: [ 'mcrouter' ]()
... ma chepụta ya chaatị Helm. Ihe na-akpali mmasị bụ na e nwere naanị config generator dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oyiri (ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla nwere nhọrọ laconic na nke mara mma, kesaa ya na nkwupụta):
{{- $count := (pluck .Values.global.env .Values.memcached.replicas | first | default .Values.memcached.replicas._default | int) -}}
{{- $pools := dict -}}
{{- $servers := list -}}
{{- /* Заполняем массив двумя копиями серверов: "0 1 2 0 1 2" */ -}}
{{- range until 2 -}}
{{- range $i, $_ := until $count -}}
{{- $servers = append $servers (printf "mc-%d.mc:11211" $i) -}}
{{- end -}}
{{- end -}}
{{- /* Смещаясь по массиву, получаем N срезов: "[0 1 2] [1 2 0] [2 0 1]" */ -}}
{{- range $i, $_ := until $count -}}
{{- $pool := dict "servers" (slice $servers $i (add $i $count)) -}}
{{- $_ := set $pools (printf "MissFailoverRoute|Pool|pool%02d" $i) $pool -}}
{{- end -}}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mcrouter
data:
config.json: |
{
"pools": {{- $pools | toJson | replace "MissFailoverRoute|Pool|" "" -}},
"route": {
"type": "OperationSelectorRoute",
"default_policy": "AllMajorityRoute|Pool|pool00",
"operation_policies": {
"get": {
"type": "RandomRoute",
"children": {{- keys $pools | toJson }}
}
}
}
}()
Anyị na-atụgharị ya na gburugburu ule wee lelee:
# php -a
Interactive mode enabled
php > # Проверяем запись и чтение
php > $m = new Memcached();
php > $m->addServer('mcrouter', 11211);
php > var_dump($m->set('test', 'value'));
bool(true)
php > var_dump($m->get('test'));
string(5) "value"
php > # Работает! Тестируем работу сессий:
php > ini_set('session.save_handler', 'memcached');
php > ini_set('session.save_path', 'mcrouter:11211');
php > var_dump(session_start());
PHP Warning: Uncaught Error: Failed to create session ID: memcached (path: mcrouter:11211) in php shell code:1
Stack trace:
#0 php shell code(1): session_start()
#1 {main}
thrown in php shell code on line 1
php > # Не заводится… Попробуем задать session_id:
php > session_id("zzz");
php > var_dump(session_start());
PHP Warning: session_start(): Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by (output started at php shell code:1) in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to write session lock: UNKNOWN READ FAILURE in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to write session lock: UNKNOWN READ FAILURE in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to write session lock: UNKNOWN READ FAILURE in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to write session lock: UNKNOWN READ FAILURE in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to write session lock: UNKNOWN READ FAILURE in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to write session lock: UNKNOWN READ FAILURE in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Unable to clear session lock record in php shell code on line 1
PHP Warning: session_start(): Failed to read session data: memcached (path: mcrouter:11211) in php shell code on line 1
bool(false)
php >Ịchọ ederede nke njehie ahụ enyeghị nsonaazụ ọ bụla, mana maka ajụjụ a ""N'ihu bụ nsogbu kachasị ochie na-edozibeghị nke ọrụ ahụ - memcached ọnụọgụ abụọ protocol.
NB: Usoro ASCII dị na memcached dị nwayọ karịa nke ọnụọgụ abụọ, na usoro ọkọlọtọ nke hashing igodo na-agbanwe agbanwe na-arụ ọrụ na usoro ọnụọgụ abụọ. Mana nke a anaghị emepụta nsogbu maka otu ikpe.
Aghụghọ dị na akpa ahụ: ihe niile ị ga - eme bụ ịgbanwee na protocol ASCII na ihe niile ga - arụ ọrụ .... Otú ọ dị, na nke a, àgwà nke ịchọ azịza na egwuri egwu obi ọjọọ. Ị gaghị ahụ azịza ziri ezi n'ebe ahụ ... ọ gwụla ma, n'ezie, ị pịgharịa gaa na njedebe, ebe dị na ngalaba "Ihe ndetu nyere onye ọrụ" ga-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi na .
Ee, aha nhọrọ ziri ezi bụ memcached.sess_binary_protocol. A ghaghị gbanyụọ ya, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nnọkọ ga-amalite ịrụ ọrụ. Naanị ihe fọdụrụ bụ itinye akpa ahụ nwere mcrouter n'ime pọd nwere PHP!
nkwubi
Yabụ, site na naanị mgbanwe akụrụngwa anyị nwere ike dozie nsogbu ahụ: edozila nsogbu ahụ na nnabata mmejọ memcached, yana abawanyela ntụkwasị obi nke nchekwa nchekwa. Na mgbakwunye na uru doro anya maka ngwa ahụ, nke a nyere ohere maka ịmegharị mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu ikpo okwu: mgbe ihe niile nwere ebe nchekwa, ndụ onye nchịkwa na-adị mfe karị. Ee, usoro a nwekwara ihe ndọghachi azụ ya, ọ nwere ike ịdị ka "crutch", ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-echekwa ego, na-eli nsogbu ahụ ma ghara ime ka ndị ọhụrụ - gịnị kpatara ya?
PS
Gụọkwa na blọọgụ anyị:
- "Mee ihe na dapp" (iji symfony-demo dị ka ọmụmaatụ): и ;
- «".
isi: www.habr.com