Oge ikpeazụ anyị - anyị chetara otú ọrụ ahụ si malite, na nsogbu ndị e bu n'obi dozie na netwọk ARPANET. Taa, anyị ga-ekwu maka sava DNS BIND mbụ.
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Sava DNS mbụ
Mgbe Paul Mockapetris na Jon Postel gasịrị ngalaba aha maka netwọk ARPANET, ọ nwetara nkwado ngwa ngwa site na obodo IT. Ndị injinia sitere na Mahadum Berkeley so na ndị mbụ tinye ya n'ọrụ. Na 1984, ụmụ akwụkwọ anọ webatara sava DNS mbụ, ngalaba Aha Ịntanetị Berkeley (BIND). Ha rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru onyinye sitere na Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
Usoro a, nke ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum mepụtara, gbanwere aha DNS na-akpaghị aka na adreesị IP yana ọzọ. Ọ dị mma, mgbe ebugoro koodu ya (sistemụ nkesa ngwanrọ), isi mmalite mbụ enweelarị nọmba ụdị 4.3. Na mbụ, ndị ọrụ ụlọ nyocha mahadum ji sava DNS mee ihe. Ruo ụdị 4.8.3, ndị otu Mahadum Berkeley's Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) bụ ndị na-ahụ maka mmepe BIND, mana na ọkara nke abụọ nke 1980, sava DNS kwụsịrị na mahadum wee bufee ya na aka nke Paul Vixie. site na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ . Paul weputara mmelite 4.9 na 4.9.1, wee guzobe Consortium Software Internet (ISC), bụ nke na-ahụ maka idowe BIND kemgbe ahụ. Dị ka Paul si kwuo, nsụgharị niile gara aga dabere na koodu sitere n'aka ụmụ akwụkwọ Berkeley, na n'ime afọ iri na ise gara aga, ọ gwụla kpam kpam ohere ya maka imeghari. Ya mere na 2000, e degharịrị BIND site na mmalite.
Ihe nkesa BIND na-agụnye ọtụtụ ọba akwụkwọ na ihe ndị na-emejuputa ihe nhazi DNS nke "onye ahịa-ihe nkesa" ma na-ahụ maka ịhazi ọrụ nke sava DNS. A na-eji BIND eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, ọkachasị na Linux, ma bụrụkwa mmemme sava DNS ama ama. Nke a arụnyere na sava ndị na-enye nkwado .
Enwere uzo ozo maka BIND. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, PowerDNS, nke na-abịa na nkesa Linux. Ọ bụ Bert Hubert sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Dutch PowerDNS.COM dere ya ma ndị obodo mepere emepe na-echekwa ya. N'afọ 2005, etinyere PowerDNS na sava nke Wikimedia Foundation. A na-ejikwa ngwọta ya site na nnukwu ndị na-eweta igwe ojii, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Europe na òtù Fortune 500.
BIND na PowerDNS bụ ụfọdụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, mana ọ bụghị naanị sava DNS. Ọ dịkwa mma ịmara , и .
Mmepe nke Sistemụ Aha ngalaba
N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke DNS, e mewo ọtụtụ mgbanwe na nkọwapụta ya. Dị ka otu n'ime mmelite mbụ na isi Usoro NOTIFY na IXFR na 1996. Ha mere ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịmegharị ọdụ data Sistemụ ngalaba Aha n'etiti sava ndị isi na nke abụọ. Ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ ahụ mere ka o kwe omume ịhazi ọkwa gbasara mgbanwe na ndekọ DNS. Ụzọ a kwadoro njirimara nke mpaghara DNS nke abụọ na nke mbụ, gbakwunyere ya echekwara okporo ụzọ - mmekọrịta mere naanị mgbe ọ dị mkpa, ọ bụghị n'oge oge.
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Na mbụ, netwọk DNS enweghị ike ịnweta ọha na eze na nsogbu ndị nwere ike na nchekwa ozi abụghị ihe kacha mkpa mgbe ị na-emepụta usoro ahụ, mana usoro a mere onwe ya ka ọ na-eche mgbe e mesịrị. Site na mmepe nke ịntanetị, a malitere iji nsogbu sistemu arụ ọrụ - dịka ọmụmaatụ, mwakpo ndị dị ka DNS spoofing pụtara. N'okwu a, cache nke sava DNS juputara na data na-enweghị isi mmalite, a na-ebugharị arịrịọ na sava ndị mwakpo ahụ.
Iji dozie nsogbu ahụ, na DNS mbinye aka crypto maka nzaghachi DNS (DNSSEC) - usoro na-enye gị ohere iwulite usoro ntụkwasị obi maka ngalaba sitere na mpaghara mgbọrọgwụ. Rịba ama na agbakwunyere usoro yiri nke ahụ maka njirimara onye ọbịa mgbe ị na-ebufe mpaghara DNS - a na-akpọ ya TSIG.
Ndị obodo IT nabatara mgbanwe ndị na-eme ka ngbanwe nke ọdụ data DNS dị mfe yana nsogbu nchekwa ziri ezi. Ma e nwekwara mgbanwe ndị obodo na-emeghị nke ọma. Karịsịa, mgbanwe site n'efu gaa na aha ngalaba akwụ ụgwọ. Na nke a bụ ihe atụ nke nanị otu n'ime "agha" na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke DNS. Anyị ga-ekwukwu banyere nke a n’isiokwu na-esonụ.
Anyị na 1cloud na-enye ọrụ ahụ "" Site n'enyemaka ya, ị nwere ike ịgbazite ma hazie sava VDS/VPS dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ime nkeji ole na ole.
E nwekwara maka ndị ọrụ niile. Debe njikọ ntinye aka na ọrụ anyị wee nweta ụgwọ ọrụ maka ndị ahịa zoro aka na ya.
isi: www.habr.com