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Ụbụrụ + VPS maka 30 rubles =?

Ọ dị mma nke ukwuu mgbe obere ihe niile dị mkpa dị n'aka: ezigbo pen na akwụkwọ ndetu, pensụl dị nkọ, òké dị mma, ole na ole ọzọ wires, wdg. Ihe ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe adịghị adọta uche, ma na-agbakwunye nkasi obi na ndụ. Otu akụkọ ahụ dịkwa na ngwa mkpanaaka na desktọpụ dị iche iche: maka nseta ihuenyo ogologo, maka ibelata nha foto, maka ịgbakọ ego nkeonwe, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, ndị ntụgharị, ndị ntụgharị, wdg. Ị nwere otu? VPS - nke dị ọnụ ala, na-adị mgbe niile ma na-eweta ọtụtụ uru? Mba, ọ bụghị nke ị nwere na ụlọ ọrụ gị, kama nke gị, "akpa" otu. Anyị chere na na-enweghị obere VPS na 2019 ọ bụ ihe nwute n'ụzọ ụfọdụ, dịka enweghị mkpịsị isi iyi na-emebu na nkuzi. Gịnị mere obi ji adị gị mma? Ọ bụ ọkọchị. Kedu ka oge okpomọkụ si dị? Oge okpomọkụ maka ọkachamara IT: ịnọdụ ala n'ụlọ, na-arụ ọrụ na-amasị gị na-enweghị akwa ụta ọ bụla. N'ozuzu, anyị chere ma mee ya.

Ụbụrụ + VPS maka 30 rubles =?
Kọmunist abịala, ndị enyi.

Ọ dị ka nke ahụ - VPS anyị maka iri atọ

Anyị agụọla ọtụtụ akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị asọmpi na ndị ọrụ dere 3-4 afọ gara aga banyere ihe kpatara na ọ dịghị mkpa VPS dị ọnụ ala. Ọfọn, nke ahụ ziri ezi, mgbe ahụ, VPS "maka penny" bụ ahịa dị ọcha na enweghị ike ịnye ohere ọrụ nkịtị. Mana oge na-agbanwe, ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa mebere na-adị ala ma dị ala, yana maka 30 rubles kwa ọnwa anyị dị njikere ịnye nke a:

  • Ihe nhazi: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 isi)
  • Sistemụ Linux (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS ịhọrọ site na)
  • 1 adreesị IPv4 raara onwe ya nye
  • 10 GB nke nchekwa data na draịva klaasị SSD ngwa ngwa
  • RAM: 512 MB
  • Ịgba ụgwọ nke abụọ
  • Okporo ụzọ na-akparaghị ókè

The tarifu bụ isiokwu ọzọ teknuzu mgbochi, nkọwa na peeji nke onyinye anyị dị mma - VPS maka 30 rubles. 

Ònye bụ nke a mebere nkesa kwesịrị ekwesị? Ee na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye ọ bụla: ndị mbido, ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi, ndị mmepe nwere ahụmahụ, ndị Fans DIY na ọbụna ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ.

Kedu ihe VPS a kwesịrị ekwesị?

Anyị na-eche na ndị na-agụ Habr ga-achọta ụzọ nke ha si eji nhazi a, mana anyị kpebiri ịnakọta echiche nke anyị - gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ chọrọ ya, ma ndị ikom ahụ amaghị?

  • Debe weebụsaịtị gị dị mfe, Pọtụfoliyo, malitegharịa na koodu, wdg. N'ezie, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke aka gị emebere na-enwe mmetụta dị mma na onye ọrụ. Debe ya na VPS gị ma bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa na nkwụsi ike nke saịtị ahụ n'onwe gị, ọ bụghị site n'aka ndị ọrụ nke ndị na-enye ndị ọbịa mgbe niile.
  • Jiri VPS maka ebumnuche agụmakwụkwọ: kwado ọrụ gị, mụọ atụmatụ nke sava na sistemụ arụmọrụ nkesa, nnwale na DNS, tinker na obere saịtị agụmakwụkwọ.
  • Maka ekwentị. Mgbe ụfọdụ, onye ọchụnta ego, onye nweere onwe ya ma ọ bụ obere ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ telephony IP, ndị na-arụ ọrụ ekwentị a na-enwekwa anyaukwu. Ọ dị mfe: anyị na-ewere ihe nkesa anyị, zụta nọmba n'aka onye na-ahụ maka telephony IP, guzobe PBX mebere ma mepụta nọmba ime (ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa). Ego ndị ahụ dị oke ọnụ.
  • Jiri ihe nkesa ahụ nwalee ngwa gị.
  • Jiri ihe nkesa ahụ maka nnwale DIY, gụnyere njikwa na ịnakọta data sitere na ihe mmetụta sistemụ ụlọ mara mma.
  • Ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe iji ya bụ idowe onye inyeaka azụmaahịa mgbanwe, robot trading, na sava ahụ. Ị ga-abụ ọrụ zuru oke maka nkwụsi ike na nchekwa nke ihe nkesa, nke pụtara na ị ga-enweta ngwá ọrụ a na-achịkwa maka ịzụ ahịa na ahịa ngwaahịa. Ọfọn, ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị ma ọ bụ na-eme atụmatụ :)

Enwere ngwa maka VPS dị otú ahụ na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ekwentị a kpọtụrụ aha, ị nwere ike mejuputa ọtụtụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị. Ọmụmaatụ:

  • Debe obere ọdụ data na ozi ga-enweta ndị ọrụ na-eme njem n'ebe dị anya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji ftp. Nke a ga-enye gị ohere ịgbanwe ngwa ngwa nyocha ọhụụ, nhazi emelitere maka ndị na-ere ahịa, ihe ngosi, wdg.
  • Nye ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị ahịa ohere nwa oge iji gosi ngwanrọ ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi.

VPS ule mbanye maka 30 rubles - emere gị

30 rubles dị ntakịrị nke na ị chọghị iwepụta kaadị iji kwụọ ụgwọ ma nwalee. Anyị na-adịkwa umengwụ mgbe ụfọdụ, mana oge a anyị mere gị ihe niile. Tupu ịmalite ihe nkesa na agha, anyị mere ule iji lelee nkọwa niile ma gosi ihe ndị sava nwere ike na tarifu a. Iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị karị, anyị gbakwunyere oke ma lelee otú nhazi a ga-esi eme ma ọ bụrụ na njupụta na ibu karịrị ụkpụrụ anyị setịpụrụ. 

Onye ọbịa ahụ nọ n'okpuru ibu nke ọtụtụ igwe mebere nke rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche na ihe nrụpụta ma jiri sistemụ diski ike rụọ ọrụ. Ebumnobi bụ ime ka njupụta dị elu nke ntinye na ibu tụnyere ma ọ bụ karịa nke ọgụ.

Na mgbakwunye na ibu na-adịgide adịgide, anyị arụnyere igwe 3 mebere nke na-anakọta metrik synthetic site na iji sysbench, nkezi nsonaazụ nke enyere n'okpuru, yana igwe mebere 50 mepụtara ibu ọzọ. Igwe nyocha niile nwere otu nhazi (1 core, RAM 512 GB, SSD 10 GB), ahọpụtara ọkọlọtọ debian 9.6 dị ka sistemụ arụmọrụ, nke a na-enye ndị ọrụ na RUVDS.

E gosipụtara ibu ahụ n'ụdị okike yana oke ya na ọgụ:

  • Ejiri obere ibu rụọ ụfọdụ igwe mebere
  • Ụfọdụ igwe na-agba script ule na-eme ka ibu dị na processor (iji ngwa nchegbu)
  • N'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke igwe mebere, anyị na-agba edemede nke jiri dd detuo data sitere na data akwadoro na diski nwere oke oke site na iji pv (ihe atụ nwere ike ịhụ. ebe a и ebe a).

Ọzọkwa, dị ka ị chetara, anyị nwere igwe atọ na-anakọta metrik sịntetik.

N'igwe nke ọ bụla, a na-egbu otu edemede cyclically kwa nkeji iri na ise, nke na-eme ule sysbench ọkọlọtọ maka processor, ebe nchekwa na diski.

Ederede sysbench.sh

#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt

A na-ewepụta nsonaazụ ya maka ịdị mma na usoro sysbench, mana e wepụrụ nkezi ụkpụrụ maka oge ule niile site na igwe niile, enwere ike ịhụ nsonaazụ ya ebe a:

Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing CPU performance benchmark

Threads started!
Done.

Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 10000

Test execution summary:
total time: 19.2244s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 19.2104
per-request statistics:
min: 1.43ms
avg: 1.92ms
max: 47.00ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.02ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 19.2104/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing memory operations speed test
Memory block size: 1K

Memory transfer size: 102400M

Memory operations type: write
Memory scope type: global
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)

102400.00 MB transferred (320.32 MB/sec)

Test execution summary:
total time: 320.9155s
total number of events: 104857600
total time taken by event execution: 244.8399
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.00ms
max: 139.41ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.00ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 244.8399/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential write (creation) test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 0 Read, 131072 Write, 128 Other = 131200 Total
Read 0b Written 2Gb Total transferred 2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 6.9972s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 5.2246
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 0.04ms
max: 96.76ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 5.2246/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential read test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 131072 Read, 0 Write, 0 Other = 131072 Total
Read 2Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 23.1054s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 22.9933
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.18ms
max: 295.75ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.77ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 22.9933/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Number of random requests for random IO: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 6000 Read, 4000 Write, 12800 Other = 22800 Total
Read 93.75Mb Written 62.5Mb Total transferred 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/sec)
85.61 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 152.9786s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 14.1879
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 1.41ms
max: 210.22ms
approx. 95 percentile: 4.95ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Nsonaazụ a na-egosi, mana ekwesighi iwere ya dị ka QoS. 

Igwe na-emepụta ibu ọzọ

Sọftụwia:

  • Apt-nweta mmelite
  • apt-nweta nweta nkwalite
  • apt-nweta wụnye eke-pip
  • pip tinye mysql-connector-python-rf

MariaDB arụnyere, Otu esi eme ya ebe a:

apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- нужно для test_employees_sha

E weere ntọala ule site n'ebe a:

A na-ebugharị nchekwa data dị ka akọwapụtara ebe a:

mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sql

Obere ntọala ule:

Isiokwu 

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịrị 

Nha data (MB)

Nha ndeksi (KB)

ngalaba 

9

0.02

16.00

dept_emp 

331143 

11.52

5648.00

dept_manager 

24 

0.02

16.00

ọrụ 

299379 

14.52

0.00

ụgwọ 

2838426 

95.63

0.00 

utu aha 

442783 

19.56

0.00

Edere ọrụ ule oge ochie na ikpere na Python; ọ na-arụ ọrụ anọ:

  1. getState: weghachi ọkwa ahụ
  2. GetEmployee: na-eweghachi ndị ọrụ (+ụgwọ ọnwa, + aha) na nchekwa data
  3. patch Onye ọrụ: na-agbanwe ubi ndị ọrụ
  4. tinye ụgwọ: tinye ụgwọ ọnwa

Isi iyi ọrụ (dbtest.py)

#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag

app = Flask(__name__)

def getFields(cursor):
    results = {}
    column = 0
    for d in cursor.description:
        results[d[0]] = column
        column = column + 1
    return results

PAGE_SIZE = 30

@app.route("/")
def main():
    return "Hello!"

@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
    offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
    return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    employee = {}
    found = False
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        found = True
        employee = {
            "birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
            "first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
            "last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
            "gender": row[fields["gender"]],
            "hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
        }
    if not found:
        abort(404)
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    salaries = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        salary = {
            "salary": row[fields["salary"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        salaries.append(salary)
    employee["salaries"] = salaries
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    titles = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        title = {
            "title": row[fields["title"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        titles.append(title)
    employee["titles"] = titles
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "employee": employee
    })

def isFieldValid(t, v):
    if t == "employee":
        return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
    else:
        return false

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    setList = ""
    data = []
    for k, v in content.iteritems():
        if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
            continue
        if setList != "":
            setList = setList + ", "
        setList = setList + k + "=%s"
        data.append(v)
    data.append(id)
    print(setList)
    print(data)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
    connection.commit()
    if cursor.rowcount < 1:
        abort(404)
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })

@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
    connection.commit()
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })


@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "state": "working"
    })

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')

Ịkpachara anya N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a ga-ewere ọrụ a dịka ọmụmaatụ ma ọ bụ ntuziaka!

A na-eme ule site na iji ezigbo JMeter ochie. A malitere usoro ule dị iche iche site na nkeji 15 ruo awa 2, na-enweghị nkwụsịtụ, pasent nke arịrịọ dịgasị iche, na ntinye dịgasị iche site na arịrịọ 300 ruo 600 kwa nkeji. Ọnụọgụ eri site na 50 ruo 500.

N'ihi eziokwu na nchekwa data dị ntakịrị, iwu a:

mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"

Na-egosi na:

Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000

N'okpuru bụ nkezi oge nzaghachi maka arịrịọ:

Label

nkezi

Median

90% Ahịrị

95% Ahịrị

99% Ahịrị

min

Max

nweta onye ọrụ

37.64

12.57

62.28

128.5

497.57

5

4151.78

getState

17

7.57

30.14

58.71

193

3

2814.71

patch onye ọrụ

161.42

83.29

308

492.57

1845.14

5

6639.4

tinye ụgwọ ọnwa

167.21

86.93

315.34

501.07

1927.12

7

6722.44

Ọ nwere ike isiri gị ike ikpe ikpe site na nsonaazụ sịntetik ndị a ka ọ dabara na VPS a bụ maka ọrụ gị akọwapụtara na, n'ozuzu, usoro edepụtara na-ejedebe na ikpe ndị ahụ anyị ga-emerịrị n'otu ụdị ma ọ bụ ọzọ. doro anya na ọ bụghị ike ọgwụgwụ. Anyị na-akpọ gị òkù ka ị bịaruo nkwubi okwu gị ma nwalee ihe nkesa maka 30 rubles na ezigbo ngwa na ọrụ gị ma na-atụ aro nhọrọ gị maka nhazi a na nkwupụta.

isi: www.habr.com

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