Foto sitere na nchịkọta odee
1. Akuko
Ebe nchekwa afụ, ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa cylindrical magnetik, bụ ebe nchekwa na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe mepụtara na Bell Labs na 1967 nke Andrew Bobeck dere. Nnyocha egosila na obere ngalaba magnetik cylindrical na-etolite n'otu ihe nkiri kristal dị mkpa nke ferrite na garnets mgbe a na-eduzi oghere magnetik siri ike zuru oke na elu ihe nkiri ahụ. Site n'ịgbanwe oghere magnetik, enwere ike ibugharị afụ ndị a. Ngwongwo ndị a na-eme ka ihe ndọta magnetik dị mma maka iwulite ụlọ ahịa ihe n'usoro, dị ka ndekọ mgbanwe, nke ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị afụ n'otu ọnọdụ pụtara uru nke bit bụ efu ma ọ bụ otu. Dayameta nke afụ bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke micron; Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1977, Texas Instruments bu ụzọ webatara mgbawa nwere ikike nke 92304 ibe n'ahịa. Ebe nchekwa a bụ ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka ọ dị ka teepu magnetik ma ọ bụ diski, ma n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe siri ike na-enweghị akụkụ ọ bụla na-akpụ akpụ, ọ bụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya karịa teepu ma ọ bụ diski, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ọ rụọ ọrụ, ọ dịkwa obere ma dị ọkụ. enwere ike iji ya na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka.
Onye mbụ chepụtara ebe nchekwa afụ, Andrew Bobek, tụpụtara ụdị ebe nchekwa “otu akụkụ”, n'ụdị eri nke a na-emerụ ahụ nke obere ihe ferromagnetic. A na-akpọ ụdị ebe nchekwa a "twistor", ma bụrụkwa nke a na-emepụta n'ọtụtụ ebe, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ụdị "akụkụ abụọ" nọchiri ya.
Ị nwere ike ịmara onwe gị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịmepụta ebe nchekwa afụ na [1-3].
2. Ụkpụrụ ọrụ
N'ebe a, a na m arịọ gị ka ị gbaghara m, abụghị m ọkà mmụta sayensị, ya mere ihe ngosi ahụ ga-adị oke.
Ụfọdụ ihe (dị ka gadolinium gallium garnet) na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ magnetized n'otu ụzọ, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye oghere magnetik mgbe niile n'akụkụ axis ahụ, ebe magnetized ga-emepụta ihe dị ka afụ, dị ka e gosiri na foto dị n'okpuru ebe a. Afụ ọ bụla bụ naanị micron ole na ole na dayameta.
Ka e were ya na anyị nwere ihe dị mkpa, ihe dị ka 0,001 inch, ihe nkiri crystalline nke ihe dị otú ahụ, na-etinye na ihe na-abụghị magnetik, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iko, mkpụrụ.
Ọ bụ ihe niile gbasara afụ anwansi. Foto dị n'aka ekpe - enweghị oghere magnetik, foto dị n'aka nri - a na-eduzi oghere magnetik n'elu ihe nkiri ahụ.
Ọ bụrụ na e mepụtara ụkpụrụ n'elu ihe nkiri nke ihe dị otú ahụ site na ihe ndọta, dịka ọmụmaatụ, permalloy, ígwè-nickel alloy, mgbe ahụ, a ga-eme ka egosipụta na ihe ndị dị na ụkpụrụ a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji ụdị T ma ọ bụ V.
Enwere ike ịmepụta otu afụ site na oghere magnetik nke 100-200 oersted, nke a na-etinye n'akụkụ ihe nkiri magnetik ma mepụta ya site na magnet na-adịgide adịgide, na ebe magnetik na-atụgharị nke ejiri eriri abụọ kpụrụ na ntụziaka XY na-enye ohere ngalaba afụ ịkwaga. site n'otu "agwaetiti" magnetik gaa na nke ọzọ, dị ka nke a na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ a. Mgbe ịgbanwere ntụzịaka nke oghere magnetik ugboro anọ, ngalaba ahụ ga-esi n'otu agwaetiti gaa n'akụkụ agbata obi.
Ihe a niile na-enye anyị ohere ịtụle ngwaọrụ DMD dị ka ndekọ mgbanwe. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-emepụta egosipụta n'otu njedebe nke ndekọ ma chọpụta ha na nke ọzọ, anyị nwere ike ịtụgharị ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ nke afụ gburugburu ma jiri usoro dị ka ngwaọrụ nchekwa, ịgụ na ide ibe n'oge ụfọdụ.
Nke a na-eduga na uru na ọghọm dị na ebe nchekwa na MD dijitalụ: uru bụ ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe (ọ bụrụhaala na etinyere ubi perpendicular kere site na magnet na-adịgide adịgide, egosipụta agaghị apụ ma ọ bụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ha), na ọghọm ya dị ogologo. ohere oge, n'ihi na Iji nweta ntakịrị aka ike, ịkwesịrị ịpịgharịa ndekọ ngbanwe niile gaa n'ọnọdụ achọrọ, ma ogologo oge ọ dị, ka usoro okirikiri nke a ga-achọ.
Ụdị ihe ndọta na ihe nkiri magnetik CD.
Ihe e kere eke nke magnetik a na-akpọ "nucleation" na Bekee, na-agụnye itinye ihe dị ugbu a nke ọtụtụ narị milliamps na ikuku maka oge 100 ns, na ịmepụta oghere magnetik perpendicular na fim ahụ na-abụghị nke ubi. magnet na-adịgide adịgide. Nke a na-emepụta "afụ" magnetik - ngalaba magnetik cylindrical na fim ahụ. Usoro a, ọ dị nwute, na-adabere na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ;
A na-eji ọtụtụ usoro agụ data sitere na ihe nkiri.
Otu ụzọ, ọgụgụ na-adịghị emebi emebi, bụ ịchọpụta ebe ndọta adịghị ike nke ngalaba cylindrical site na iji ihe mmetụta magnetoresistive.
Ụzọ nke abụọ bụ ịgụ ihe na-emebi ihe. A na-ebufe afụ ahụ na ọgbọ pụrụ iche / ụzọ nchọpụta, nke a na-ebibi afụ ahụ site na magnetizing ihe na-aga n'ihu. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ahụ bụ magnetized n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ya bụ, afụ dị, nke a ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ugbu a na eriri igwe na nke a na-achọpụta na sekit eletrọnịkị. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, a ga-emepụta afụ ahụ ọzọ na egwu ndekọ pụrụ iche.
Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a haziri ebe nchekwa dị ka otu n'usoro na-aga n'ihu, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-enwe nnukwu ọghọm abụọ. Nke mbụ, oge ịbanye ga-adị ogologo. Nke abuo, otu ntụpọ n'ime agbụ ahụ ga-eduga na enweghị ọrụ zuru oke nke ngwaọrụ ahụ dum. Ya mere, ha na-eme ebe nchekwa ahaziri n'ụdị otu isi egwu na ọtụtụ egwu ohu, dị ka e gosiri na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ.
Ebe nchekwa afụ nwere otu egwu na-aga n'ihu
Ebe nchekwa afụ nwere egwu nna ukwu/ohu
Nhazi ebe nchekwa a na-enye ohere ọ bụghị naanị ibelata oge ohere, kamakwa na-eme ka o kwe omume imepụta ngwaọrụ ebe nchekwa nwere ọnụọgụ ụfọdụ egwu nwere nkwarụ. Onye na-ahụ maka ebe nchekwa ga-eburu n'uche ha wee gabiga ha n'oge arụ ọrụ ọgụgụ/dere.
Foto dị n'okpuru ebe a na-egosi akụkụ obe nke ebe nchekwa "mgbawa".
Ị nwekwara ike ịgụ gbasara ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke ebe nchekwa afụ na [4, 5].
3. Intel 7110
Intel 7110 - modul ebe nchekwa afụ, MBM (ebe nchekwa magnetik-afụ) nwere ikike nke 1 MB (1048576 ibe n'ibe). Ọ bụ ya ka e gosiri na KDPV. 1 megabit bụ ikike ịchekwa data onye ọrụ, na-eburu n'uche egwu egwu, mkpokọta ikike bụ 1310720 bits. Ngwa ahụ nwere egwu 320 loop (loops) nwere ikike nke 4096 bits nke ọ bụla, mana naanị 256 n'ime ha ka a na-eji maka data onye ọrụ, ndị ọzọ bụ ebe nchekwa maka iji dochie egwu "gbajiri agbaji" yana maka ịchekwa koodu mgbazi njehie. Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ihe owuwu "isi track-minor loop". Ozi gbasara egwu na-arụ ọrụ dị n'ime loop bootstrap dị iche. Na KDPV ị nwere ike ịhụ koodu hexadecimal ka ebipụtara ozugbo na modul. Nke a bụ maapụ egwu "agbajiri agbaji", ọnụọgụ hexadecimal 80 na-anọchite anya egwu data 320, ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-anọchi anya otu ntakịrị, ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-anọchi anya ntakịrị efu.
Ị nwere ike ịgụ akwụkwọ mbụ maka modul na [7].
Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ụlọ nwere nhazi pin-ahịrị abụọ ma tinye ya n'enweghị ịgbanye (n'ime oghere).
E gosipụtara nhazi nke modul ahụ na foto a:
A na-ekewa ebe nchekwa ahụ n'ime "ọkara ngalaba" abụọ, nke ọ bụla na-ekewa n'ime "quads" abụọ, nkeji nke ọ bụla nwere egwu ohu 80. Modul ahụ nwere efere nwere ihe ndọta dị n'ime ikuku ikuku abụọ nke na-emepụta oghere magnetik na-atụgharị. Iji mee nke a, a na-enye akara ngosi ugbu a dị ka triangular na windings, na-agbanwe site na 90 degrees n'akụkụ ibe ha. A na-etinye mgbakọ nke efere na windings n'etiti ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide ma tinye ya na ọta magnetik, nke na-emechi ikuku magnetik mepụtara site na magnet na-adịgide adịgide ma na-echebe ngwaọrụ ahụ site na oghere magnetik mpụga. A na-atụgharị efere ahụ na ogo 2,5, nke na-emepụta obere ebe mgbapụ n'akụkụ tilt. Ubi a bụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ogige nke coils, ọ dịghị egbochi mmegharị nke egosipụta mgbe ngwaọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ, ma na-akpali egosipụta n'ọnọdụ ndị a kapịrị ọnụ na ihe ndị dị na permalloy mgbe agbanyụrụ ngwaọrụ ahụ. Akụkụ siri ike nke ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide na-akwado ịdị adị nke ngalaba magnetik afụ.
Modul nwere ọnụ ndị a:
- Egwu echefu echefu. Kpọmkwem egwu ndị ahụ nke ihe permalloy na-ejide ma na-eduzi afụ.
- generator megharịa. Na-eje ozi maka mmegharị nke vesicle, nke na-adị mgbe niile na saịtị nke ọgbọ.
- Tinye egwu na mgbanwe ọnụ. Afụ ndị emepụtara na-aga n'akụkụ egwu ntinye. A na-ebugharị egosipụta n'otu n'ime egwu ohu 80.
- Usoro mmepụta na ntinyegharị node. A na-ewepụ ụfụfụ na egwu data na-emebighị ha. A na-ekewa afụ ahụ ụzọ abụọ, na-eziga otu n'ime ha na egwu mmepụta.
- Nchọpụta. Afụ sitere na egwu mmepụta na-abanye n'ihe nchọpụta magnetoresistive.
- Egwu buut. Egwu buut nwere ozi gbasara egwu data na-arụ ọrụ yana anaghị arụ ọrụ.
N'okpuru ebe a, anyị ga-eleba anya n'ọnụ ndị a n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Ị nwekwara ike ịgụ nkọwa nke ọnụ ndị a na [6].
Ọgbọ afụ
Iji mepụta afụ ahụ, na mmalite nke egwu ntinye, enwere onye na-eduzi ekwenyere n'ime obere akaghị. A na-enye ya ihe nrịbama dị ugbu a, nke na-emepụta oghere ndọta n'ime obere mpaghara siri ike karịa ebe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide. Ụkụ ahụ na-emepụta afụ n'oge a, nke na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide, na-akwado ebe ndọta mgbe nile, ma na-ekesa n'akụkụ permalloy element n'okpuru mmetụta nke oghere magnetik na-atụgharị. Ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ide otu n'ime ebe nchekwa, anyị na-etinye obere usu na-eduzi akaghị, na n'ihi ya, a na-amụ abụọ egosipụta (na ọnụ ọgụgụ gosiri dị ka Bubble kewara mkpụrụ). Otu n'ime egosipụta na-agba ọsọ n'ọhịa na-atụgharị n'akụkụ egwu permalloy, nke abụọ na-anọgide n'ebe ahụ ma nweta ngwa ngwa mbụ ya. Ọ na-akwaga na otu n'ime egwu ohu, wee gbanwee ebe ya na afụ nke na-ekesa na ya. Ya, n'aka nke ya, rutere na njedebe nke egwu ntinye wee pụọ.
mgbanwe afụ
Mgbanwe afụ na-apụta mgbe etinyere pulse akụkụ anọ ugbu a na onye nduzi kwekọrọ. N'okwu a, afụ ahụ anaghị ekewa n'ime akụkụ abụọ.
Ọgụgụ data
A na-eziga data na egwu mmepụta site na ịmegharị ya, ma na-aga n'ihu na-ekesa na egwu ya ka agụchara ya. Ya mere, ngwaọrụ a na-eme usoro ọgụgụ na-adịghị emebi emebi. Maka mmeghari, a na-eduzi afụ ahụ n'okpuru ihe elongated permalloy element, n'okpuru ya na-agbatị. Enwekwara onye na-eduzi akaghị aka n'elu ma ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye pulse dị ugbu a na loop, afụ ahụ ga-ekewa n'ime akụkụ abụọ. Usu dị ugbu a nwere akụkụ dị mkpirikpi nke ugbu a dị elu iji kewaa afụ ahụ n'akụkụ abụọ, yana akụkụ dị ogologo nke ugbu a dị ala iji duzie afụ ahụ na egwu mmepụta.
Na njedebe nke egwu mmepụta bụ ihe nchọpụta afụ, akwa magnetoresistive nke ihe permalloy mere na-eme ogologo sekit. Mgbe magnetik afụ daa n'okpuru ihe permalloy, nguzogide ya na-agbanwe, na enwere ike dị iche iche nke ọtụtụ millivolts na-apụta na mmepụta akwa mmiri. A na-ahọrọ ọdịdị nke ihe ndị dị na permalloy ka afụ ahụ na-agagharị n'akụkụ ha, na njedebe ọ na-adaba taya pụrụ iche "nchekwa" na-apụ n'anya.
Mbelata
Ngwa nwere egwu 320, nke ọ bụla 4096 bit. N'ime ndị a, 272 na-arụsi ọrụ ike, 48 bụ ndị edobere, anaghị arụ ọrụ.
Boot Loop
Ngwaọrụ nwere egwu data 320, nke 256 bu n'obi maka ịchekwa data onye ọrụ, ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịbụ ihe nchekwa iji dochie ndị na-adịghị mma. Otu egwu agbakwunyere nwere ozi gbasara ojiji nke egwu data, 12 bit kwa egwu. Mgbe etinyere ike na sistemu ahụ, a ga-ebido ya ibido ya. N'oge usoro mbido, onye njikwa ga-agụrịrị egwu buut wee dee ozi sitere na ya gaa na ndebanye aha pụrụ iche nke mgbawa usoro / ihe mmetụta dị ugbu a. Mgbe ahụ, onye njikwa ahụ ga-eji naanị egwu na-arụ ọrụ, a ga-eleghara ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ anya na agaghị edekọ ha.
Ụlọ nkwakọba ihe data - Ọdịdị
Site n'echiche onye ọrụ, echekwara data ahụ na ibe 2048 nke ibe 512 nke ọ bụla. A na-echekwa obytes 256 nke data, 14 ibe n'ibe nke koodu mgbazi njehie na 2 ibe n'ibe ejighi ya na ọkara nke ngwaọrụ ahụ.
Mmezi mperi
Enwere ike ime nchọpụta na mgbazi njehie site na mgbawa ihe mmetụta dị ugbu a, nke nwere ihe ngbanwe koodu 14-bit nke na-edozi otu njehie ruru 5 bit n'ogologo (njehie gbawara) na ngọngọ ọ bụla nke 270 bits (gụnyere koodu n'onwe ya). A na-agbakwunye koodu ahụ na njedebe nke ngọngọ 256-bit ọ bụla. Enwere ike iji koodu mgbazi ma ọ bụ ghara iji ya, na ikike onye ọrụ, enwere ike ịgbanwuo ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ nlele koodu na njikwa. Ọ bụrụ na ejighị koodu, enwere ike iji ibe 270 niile maka data onye ọrụ.
Oge nnweta
Igwe ndọta na-atụgharị na ugboro 50 kHz. Nkezi oge ohere na ntakịrị nke mbụ nke ibe mbụ bụ 41 ms, nke bụ ọkara oge achọrọ iji mezue loop zuru ezu site na egwu ahụ gbakwunyere oge ọ na-ewe iji mechaa egwu mmepụta.
A na-ekewa egwu 320 na-arụ ọrụ na nke mapụtara n'ime akụkụ anọ nke egwu 80 nke ọ bụla. Nzukọ a na-ebelata oge ịbanye. A na-agwa nkeji iri na ise n'ụzọ abụọ: ụzọ anọ nke ọ bụla nwere nkwubi okwu na-adịghị mma, n'otu n'otu. Ngwaọrụ nwere egwu ntinye anọ nwere afụ mmalite anọ, yana egwu mmepụta anọ. Egwu mmepụta na-eji ihe nchọpụta abụọ, ha na-ahazi ya n'ụzọ na otu onye na-achọpụta anaghị enweta egosipụta abụọ site na egwu abụọ n'otu oge. Ya mere, a na-atụgharị iyi iyi afụ anọ ahụ ma gbanwee n'ime iyi abụọ bit ma chekwaa na ndekọ nke mgbawa ihe mmetụta dị ugbu a. N'ebe ahụ, a na-atụgharịkwa ọdịnaya nke ndekọ ahụ ọzọ wee zigara onye njikwa site na interface serial.
N'akụkụ nke abụọ nke isiokwu ahụ, anyị ga-elebakwu anya na sekit nke njikwa ebe nchekwa afụ.
4. Ntụaka
Onye edemede ahụ chọtara n'akụkụ kachasị njọ nke netwọk wee chekwaa gị ọtụtụ ozi teknụzụ bara uru na ebe nchekwa na DMD, akụkọ ihe mere eme ya na akụkụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ya:
1. - Ihe ncheta abụọ nke injinia Bobek
2. - Ncheta abụọ nke injinia Bobek (akụkụ 2)
3. - ebe nchekwa afụ
4. Nkwagharị nke ebe nchekwa afụ magnetik na gburugburu Microcomputer ọkọlọtọ
5. - Texas Instruments TIB 0203 Bubble ebe nchekwa
6. - Akwụkwọ ntuziaka akụrụngwa ebe nchekwa. Intel 1983.
7. 7110 1-Megabit Bubble ebe nchekwa
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