N'ọgwụgwụ afọ iri atọ nke narị afọ gara aga, onye na-emepụta slat, Gustav Lachmann, tụrụ aro iji nku na-ese n'efu na-etinye n'ihu nku ahụ. A kwadebere nku a na servo-rudder, site n'enyemaka nke a na-achịkwa ike ibuli ya. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka oge mgbaba nku ọzọ nke na-eme mgbe ahapụpụtara flap ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na Lachmann bụ onye ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Handley-Page, ọ bụ onye nwe patent maka ngwọta nkà na ụzụ a na n'okpuru akara a, a na-akpọ echiche ahụ na akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ. Ma a ka na-adịghị irè mmejuputa atumatu nke a echiche! Gịnị kpatara ya?
Ịhazi mfu
Nku nke ụgbọ elu, nke na-emepụta ebuli, nwere ihe na-eso ya, mmadụ nwere ike ịsị, ngwaahịa na-adịghị mma n'ụdị oge mmiri mmiri nke na-achọ itinye ụgbọ elu n'ime mmiri. Iji gbochie ụgbọ elu ahụ ka ọ ghara ịdaba, e nwere obere nku n'ọdụ ya - onye na-edozi ahụ, nke na-egbochi mmiri a, na-emepụta ala, ya bụ, na-adịghị mma, na-ebuli elu. A na-akpọ nhazi aerodynamic nke ụgbọ elu "nkịtị". N'ihi na ebuli stabilizer adịghị mma, ọ na-agbakwụnye na ike ndọda ụgbọ elu, na nku ahụ aghaghị inwe ihe ebuli elu karịa ike ndọda.
A na-akpọ ihe dị iche n'etiti ndị agha ndị a na-edozi ihe efu, nke nwere ike iru 20%.
Ma ụgbọ elu mbụ na-efe efe nke Wright Brothers enweghị ihe efu dị otú ahụ, n'ihi na obere nku - ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdaba na mmiri mmiri - etinyeghị ya n'azụ nku, kama n'ihu ya. A na-akpọ atụmatụ aerodynamic nke ụgbọ elu a "canard". Na iji gbochie ụgbọ elu ahụ ka ọ ghara ịdaba, onye na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ike ga-emepụta elu, ya bụ, ihe dị mma, na-ebuli elu. A na-agbakwunye ya na mbuli nke nku, na nchikota a hà nhata ike ndọda nke ụgbọ elu. N'ihi ya, nku ahụ ga-emepụta ihe na-ebuli elu nke na-erughị ike ike ndọda. Ọ dịghịkwa mfu maka itule!
A na-ejikọta stabilizer na destabilizer n'ime otu okwu - ọdụ kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ Gaa.
Otú ọ dị, site na nnukwu mmepe nke nkwụsị na nkwụsị ụgbọ ala na mmalite nke iri atọ nke narị afọ gara aga, "ọbọgwụ" ahụ tụfuru uru a. Isi ihe nke mechanization bụ flap - akụkụ azụ nke nku nke na-atụgharị ala. Ọ dị ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ na-ebuli elu nke nku, n'ihi ya, ọ ga-ekwe omume ibelata ọsọ ọsọ n'oge ọdịda na nkwụsị, si otú a na-echekwa na chassis arọ. Ma ihe na-emepụta n'ụdị oge mmiri mmiri mgbe a na-ahapụ flap na-abawanye ruo n'ókè nke na onye na-eme ihe ike enweghị ike ịnagide ya, mana stabilizer enweghị ike ịnagide ya. Ịgbaji adịghị ewu ụlọ, na nke a, ike dị mma.
Ka nku ahụ nwee ike ịmepụta ebuli, ọ ghaghị ịdabere n'akụkụ nkuku nke ikuku na-abịa. A na-akpọ akụkụ a akụkụ nke ọgụ na ka ọ na-abawanye, ike na-ebuli elu na-abawanye, ma ọ bụghị ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, ma ruo n'akụkụ dị egwu, nke sitere na 15 ruo 25 degrees. Ya mere, ngụkọta ike ikuku adịghị eduzi nke ọma n'elu, kama ọ na-atụgharị n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ. Enwere ike ree ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-eduzi nke ọma n'elu - ike ebuli elu, ma na-eduga n'azụ - ike ikuku aerodynamic. A na-eji oke nke mbuli elu na ịdọrọ ike na-ekpebi ịdịmma ikuku nke ụgbọ elu ahụ, nke nwere ike ịdị site na 7 ruo 25.
Ihe omume na-arụ ọrụ na-akwado atụmatụ nkịtị bụ bevel nke ikuku na-erugharị n'azụ nku, nke na-agụnye ngbanwe nke ala nke ntụziaka nke mmiri na-asọ asọ, nke ka ukwuu na-ebuli nku ahụ. Ya mere, mgbe flap na-egbanwee, n'ihi aerodynamics, n'ezie ọjọọ akụkụ nke ọgụ nke stabilizer na-akpaghị aka na-abawanye na, n'ihi ya, ya ọjọọ ebuli ike.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ dị ka ịhụ na nkwụsi ike ogologo oge nke ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ maka atụmatụ "nkịtị" ma e jiri ya tụnyere "canard". Akụkụ ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu nwere ike ime mgbanwe n'ihi mmegharị kwụ ọtọ nke oke ikuku. Emebere ụgbọ elu bu ihe a bu n'uche ma gbalịsie ike iguzogide ọgbaghara. N'elu nke ọ bụla nke ụgbọ elu ahụ nwere ebe aerodynamic na-elekwasị anya - ebe ntinye nke ntinye na-ebuli elu mgbe akụkụ nke mwakpo gbanwere. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle ihe si na nku na GO na-abawanye, mgbe ahụ ụgbọ elu ahụ nwekwara a na-elekwasị anya. Ọ bụrụ na ihe a na-elekwasị anya n'ụgbọelu dị n'azụ etiti etiti, mgbe ahụ na mmụba na-enweghị usoro na akụkụ nke ọgụ, mmụba na-ebuli na-eme ka ọ na-atụgharị ụgbọ elu ahụ ka akụkụ nke ọgụ na-ebelata. Ụgbọ elu ahụ na-alaghachikwa n'ụdị ụgbọ elu ya gara aga. N'okwu a, na nhazi "nkịtị", nku na-emepụta oge nkwụsịtụ (iji mee ka akụkụ nke ọgụ), na stabilizer na-emepụta oge nkwụsịtụ (iji belata akụkụ nke ọgụ), na nke ikpeazụ na-emeri ihe dịka 10% . N'ime canard, a na-emepụta oge nkwụsịtụ site na onye na-eme ihe ike, na oge nkwụsịtụ, nke dị ihe dị ka 10% buru ibu, na-emepụta nku. Ya mere, mmụba na mpaghara na ubu nke ọdụ ahụ kwụ ọtọ na-eduga n'ịbawanye nkwụsi ike na nhazi nkịtị na mbelata ya na "canard". Oge niile na-eme ihe ma gbakọọ n'etiti etiti ụgbọ elu (lee foto 1).
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Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ elu na-elekwasị anya bụ n'ihu n'etiti uka, mgbe ahụ na a random obere abawanye na n'akuku nke ọgụ na-abawanye ọbụna karịa na ụgbọ elu ga-statically ejighị n'aka. A na-eji ọnọdụ ndị ikwu nke a na-elekwasị anya na etiti nke uka na ndị agha ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ebunye stabilizer ma nweta ọ bụghị ihe ọjọọ, ma ọ dị mma ebuli na ya. Na ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọ elu ahụ na-ahụ na ọ bụghị site na aerodynamics, kama site na usoro nkwụsi ike artificial ugboro anọ, nke "na-eduga" mgbe ụgbọ elu ahụ na-apụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ọgụ a chọrọ. Mgbe akpaaka ahụ gbanyụrụ, ụgbọ elu ahụ na-amalite ịtụgharị ọdụ na mbụ, nke a bụ ihe ọnụ ọgụgụ "Pugachev's Cobra" na-adabere na ya, nke onye na-anya ụgbọelu na-ama ụma gbanyụọ akpaaka na, mgbe a chọrọ n'akụkụ ntụgharị ọdụ ọdụ, na-agbanye ọkụ. rọketi banye n'azụ hemisphere, wee gbanye akpaaka ọzọ.
N'ime ihe ndị na-esonụ, anyị na-atụle naanị ụgbọ elu kwụsiri ike, ebe ọ bụ na naanị ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ nwere ike iji na ụgbọ elu obodo.
Ọnọdụ dị n'akụkụ ebe ụgbọ elu ahụ lekwasịrị anya na etiti oke na-egosipụta echiche nke "ịtọ n'etiti."
Ebe ọ bụ na a na-elekwasị anya n'azụ etiti nke oke, n'agbanyeghị ụkpụrụ ahụ, ebe dị anya n'etiti ha, nke a na-akpọ oke nkwụsi ike, na-abawanye ogwe aka GO na ụkpụrụ nkịtị ma belata ya na "canard".
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ogwe aka nku na kandụl bụ na a na-eji ike ebuli elu nke destabilizer na njedebe kachasị elu nke elevators kpamkpam mgbe a na-ebute ụgbọ elu ahụ n'akụkụ oke ọgụ. Na ọ ga-agbaghara mgbe a na-ahapụ flaps. Ya mere, "ọbọgwụ" niile nke onye mmepụta America a ma ama bụ Rutan enweghị ọrụ ọ bụla. Ụgbọ elu Voyager ya bụ nke mbụ n'ụwa na-efegharị gburugburu ụwa na-enweghị ọdịda na mmanụ ụgbọala na 1986.
Ihe dị iche bụ Beechcraft Starship, mana n'ebe ahụ, maka ebumnuche iji flaps, a na-eji ihe dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere geometry na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke a na-enweghị ike iweta na ọnọdụ a na-emegharịghachi, nke mere e ji mechie ọrụ ahụ.
Ogwe aka nku na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ike mbuli nke ihe nkwụsịtụ na-abawanye mgbe akụkụ ọgụ ya na-abawanye site n'otu ogo; a na-akpọ paramita a ihe nrụpụta n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ọgụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ebuli ma ọ bụ naanị ihe nrụpụta nke destabilizer. Na, obere ihe mmepụta ihe a, a ga-etinye ya nso na nku n'etiti uka nke ụgbọ elu ahụ, ya mere, ogwe aka nku ga-adị ntakịrị. Iji belata mwepu nke a, onye odee na 1992 tụrụ aro ka emejuputa ihe na-emebi emebi dịka atụmatụ biplane (2). Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ibelata ubu nku nke ukwuu nke na ọ na-ewepụ ihe mgbochi iji jiri flap na ya. Otú ọ dị, mmetụta dị n'akụkụ na-eme n'ụdị mmụba nke nkwụsị nke GO n'ihi biplane. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, enwere mgbagwoju anya na nhazi nke ụgbọ elu ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị mkpa ịmepụta GO abụọ n'ezie, ọ bụghị otu.
Ndị ọrụ ibe rụtụrụ aka na njirimara "biplane destabilizer" dị na ụgbọ elu Wright Brothers, ma na ihe mmepụta ihe ọ bụghị nanị na e debere atụmatụ ọhụrụ, kamakwa ọhụụ ọhụrụ. Ndị Wright enweghị atụmatụ “flap”. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na a maara setịpụ atụmatụ nke ihe ọhụrụ, mgbe ahụ ka a mara ihe a na-emepụta, ọ dịkarịa ala otu ihe a ga-eji mee ihe maka nzube ọhụrụ. Ndị Wright na-eji biplane belata ibu nke ihe owuwu ahụ, na n'ime ihe a kọwara - iji belata ihe mmepụta ihe.
"Weathervane Duck"
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri abụọ gara aga, anyị chetara echiche nke "vane ọbọgwụ" nke a kpọtụrụ aha ná mmalite nke isiokwu ahụ.
Ọ na-eji ọdụ ihu igwe kwụ ọtọ (FGO) dị ka ihe na-emebi emebi, nke mejupụtara ihe nrụpụta n'onwe ya, na-etinye ya na axis perpendicular na fuselage, ma jikọọ ya na ihe na-emebi emebi nke rudder servo. Ụdị ụgbọ elu nke nhazi nkịtị, ebe nku ụgbọ elu bụ FGO destabilizer, na stabilizer nke ụgbọ elu bụ FGO servo. Na ụgbọ elu a anaghị efe efe, ma a na-etinye ya na axis, na ya onwe ya na-adabere n'ihe metụtara na-abịa eruba. Site n'ịgbanwe akụkụ ọjọọ nke ọgụ nke servo steering, anyị na-agbanwe n'akuku nke ọgụ nke destabilizer ikwu na eruba na, N'ihi ya, ibuli ike nke FGO n'oge pitch njikwa.
Mgbe ọnọdụ nke steering wheel na-anọgide na-agbanweghị agbanwe n'ihe metụtara destabilizer, FGO adịghị anabata gusts nke ikuku kwụ ọtọ, i.e. na mgbanwe n'akụkụ ọgụ ụgbọ elu. Ya mere ewepụtara ya bụ efu. Dabere na mkparịta ụka anyị gara aga, nke a bụ nhọrọ kacha mma.
Mgbe a na-anwale ụgbọ elu mbụ nke "vane canard" nke A. Yurkonenko (3) mere site na FGO nke a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, e mere ihe karịrị iri na abụọ na-aga nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, achọpụtara ihe ịrịba ama doro anya nke enweghị ike ụgbọ elu (4).
"Super Resilience"
Ihe na-emegide onwe ya dị ka ọ nwere ike iyi, enweghị ike nke "vane duck" bụ ihe si na "nkwụsi ike dị ukwuu". Oge nkwụsi ike nke canard kpochapụwo nwere GO kwụsiri ike sitere na oge nkwụsi ike nke nku na oge ọgba aghara nke GO na-emegide ya. Na ọbọgwụ weathervaned, FGO adịghị etinye aka na nhazi nke oge nkwụsịtụ, a na-emepụta ya naanị site na oge nkwụsị nke nku. Ya mere, oge nkwụsi ike nke "vane duck" dị ihe dịka okpukpu iri karịa nke ochie. Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ nke mwakpo ahụ na-abawanye na mberede, ụgbọ elu ahụ, n'okpuru mmetụta nke oke nkwụsi ike nke nku, anaghị alaghachi na ọnọdụ mbụ ya, mana "na-ebufe ya". Mgbe "overshoot," ụgbọ elu ahụ na-enweta mbelata nke ọgụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọnọdụ nke gara aga, ya mere, oge nkwụsịtụ nke ihe ịrịba ama dị iche na-ebilite, na-emebigakwa ihe ókè, ya mere onwe-oscillation na-ebilite, nke onye na-anya ụgbọ elu enweghị ike imenyụ.
Otu n'ime ọnọdụ maka nkwụsi ike bụ ikike nke ụgbọ elu iji wepụ ihe na-esi na ọgba aghara ikuku. Ya mere, na enweghị ọgba aghara, ụgbọ elu na-enye afọ ojuju nke ụgbọ elu na-akwụghị ụgwọ ga-ekwe omume. Nke a na-akọwa ụzọ ịga nke ọma nke ụgbọ elu YuAN-1. N'oge ntorobịa m dị anya, onye edemede ahụ nwere ikpe mgbe ihe nlereanya glider ọhụrụ na-efe na mgbede na ọnọdụ dị jụụ maka ngụkọta nke ọ dịkarịa ala nkeji 45, na-egosipụta ụgbọ elu na-eju afọ ma gosipụta enweghị ntụkwasị obi dị ukwuu - ịkụgharị ọzọ na ndakpu mmiri na ụgbọ elu mbụ na ikuku. ihu igwe. Ọ bụrụhaala na ihu igwe dị jụụ na enweghị ọgba aghara, onye na-anya ụgbọ elu ahụ gosipụtara ụgbọ elu na-eju afọ, mana ngbanwe ya anaghị akwụsi ike. Ọ dịghị nnọọ ihe mere a ga-eji gosipụta enweghị ntụkwasị obi a.
Enwere ike iji CSF akọwara na ụkpụrụ, na "pseudo-duck". Ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ bụ n'ezie ihe eji eme "tailless" ma nwee nhazi kwesịrị ekwesị. A na-ejikwa FGO ya naanị iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka oge mmiri mmiri ọzọ nke nku na-eme mgbe a na-ewepụta igwe eji arụ ọrụ. Na nhazi ụgbọ mmiri enweghị ibu na FGO. Ya mere, FGO anaghị arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ ụgbọ elu isi na-arụ ọrụ, ya mere iji ya mee ihe n'ụdị a adịghị arụpụta ihe.
"KRASNOV-DUCK"
Enwere ike iwepụ "oke nkwụsi ike" site n'ịbawanye mmepụta nke CSF site na efu gaa na ọkwa a na-anabata. A na-enweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ a n'ihi n'eziokwu na akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke FGO dị ntakịrị karịa akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke servo rudder kpatara mgbanwe n'akụkụ ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu (5). Maka ebumnuche a, a na-eji usoro dị mfe, nke egosiri na fig. 2. FGO 1 na servo steering wheel 3 na-adabere na axis OO1. Mkpanaka 4 na 6, site na hinges 5,7, 9,10, jikọọ FGO 1 na servo steering wheel 3 na rocker 8. Clutch 12 na-eje ozi iji gbanwee ogologo mkpanaka 6 site na onye na-anya ụgbọelu maka nzube nke njikwa pitch. A na-eme ntụgharị nke FGO 1 ọ bụghị site n'akụkụ dum nke ntụgharị nke servo steering wheel 3 metụtara ụgbọ elu mgbe ntụziaka nke na-abịa na-abịa na-agbanwe, ma ọ bụ naanị site na akụkụ ya. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ hà nhata na ọkara, mgbe ahụ, n'okpuru omume nke mgbago elu, na-eduga n'ịbawanye n'akuku agha nke ụgbọ elu site na 2 degrees, n'ezie akụkụ nke ọgụ nke FGO ga-abawanye site naanị 1 degrees. N'ihi ya, ihe mmepụta nke FGO ga-adị okpukpu abụọ karịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere GO. Ahịrị ahịrị ndị ahụ a kpụrụ akpụ na-egosi ọnọdụ FGO 1 na servo rudder 3 mgbe ha gbanwere akụkụ ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu ahụ. Ịgbanwe nha na, si otú ahụ, ịchọpụta uru nke ihe nrụpụta nwere ike ime ngwa ngwa site na ịhọrọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị nke hinges 5 na 7 na axis OO1.
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Ịbelata mmepụta nke GO n'ihi feathering na-enye gị ohere itinye uche n'ime oke ọ bụla, na n'azụ ya n'etiti etiti ụgbọ elu. Nke a bụ echiche nke ndakọrịta ikuku. Ya mere, a na-ewepụ ihe mgbochi niile na iji nhazi nku ọgbara ọhụrụ na nhazi canard ka ọ na-ejigide nkwụsi ike.
"KRASNOV-FLUGER"
Ihe niile dị mma! Ma enwere ihe ndọghachi azụ. Ka ike mbuli elu dị mma mee na FGO 1, ike ebuli na-adịghị mma ga-arụ ọrụ na steerin servo 3. Ihe atụ bụ nhazi ụgbọ elu nkịtị. Ya bụ, enwere mfu maka ịhazigharị, na nke a na-edozi CSF. N'ihi ya, ụzọ isi kpochapụ ihe ndọghachi azụ a bụ atụmatụ "ọbọgwụ". Anyị na-etinye steering steering n'ihu FGO, dị ka e gosiri na fig. 3.
FGO na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a (6). N'ihi omume nke aerodynamic agha na FGO 1 na servo steering wheel 4, FGO 1 na-akpaghị aka arụnyere n'otu akụkụ nke ọgụ na ntụziaka nke na-abịa. Akụkụ nke ọgụ nke FGO 1 na servo rudder 4 nwere otu akara, ya mere, ndị na-ebuli elu nke elu ndị a ga-enwe otu ntụziaka. Nke ahụ bụ, ike ikuku nke servo rudder 4 adịghị ebelata, ma na-abawanye ike ibuli nke FGO 1. Iji mee ka akụkụ nke ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu ahụ dịkwuo elu, onye na-anya ụgbọelu na-atụgharị 6 n'ihu, n'ihi ya servo. rudder 4 na mgbanaka 5 na-atụgharị n'akụkụ elekere na akụkụ ọgụ nke servo rudder 4 na-abawanye. Nke a na-eduga n'ịbawanye n'akụkụ ọgụ nke FGO 1, ya bụ na mmụba nke ike ibuli ya.
Na mgbakwunye na njikwa pitch, njikọ a na-eme site na ntinye 7 na-eme ka mmụba site na efu gaa na uru achọrọ nke ihe mmepụta nke FGO.
Ka anyị were na ụgbọ elu ahụ banyere n'ọkwa elu na akụkụ ọgụ ya mụbara. N'okwu a, beam 2 na-atụgharị n'aka elekere elekere na hinges 9 na 8, na enweghị traction 7, ga-agarịrị nso. Mkpanaka 7 na-egbochi ịbịaru nso wee tụgharịa servo steering wheel 4 n'akụkụ elekere wee si otú ahụ na-abawanye akụkụ ọgụ ya.
Ya mere, mgbe ntụziaka nke na-abịa na-abịa na-agbanwe agbanwe, akụkụ nke ọgụ nke servo steering wheel 4 na-agbanwe, na FGO 1 na-edobe onwe ya n'akụkụ dị iche iche n'akụkụ mmiri ahụ ma na-emepụta ike dị iche iche na-ebuli elu. N'okwu a, uru nke mmepụta ihe a na-adabere n'ebe dị anya n'etiti hinges 8 na 3, yana n'ebe dị anya n'etiti hinges 9 na 5.
A nwalere FGO a tụrụ aro na ụdị eriri eletrik nke sekit "ọbọgwụ", ebe ihe nrụpụta ya tụnyere GO edoziri belatara ọkara. Ibu dị na FGO bụ 68% nke nku. Ebumnuche nke ule ahụ abụghị iji nweta nha nhata, kama iji nweta kpọmkwem obere ibu nke FGO ma e jiri ya tụnyere nku, ebe ọ bụrụ na ịnweta ya, ọ gaghị esiri ike ịnweta nha nha. Na "ọbọgwụ" nwere GO edozi, ntinye nke empennage na-abụkarị 20 - 30% dị elu karịa ntinye nke nku.
"Ụgbọ elu kacha mma"
Ọ bụrụ na nchikota nke ọnụọgụ abụọ bụ uru mgbe niile, mgbe ahụ nchikota nke square ha ga-abụ nke kacha nta ma ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ ndị a hà nhata. Ebe ọ bụ na ịdọrọ inductive nke elu elu dị nhata na square nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ebuli elu ya, oke kacha ala nke ịdọrọ ụgbọ elu ga-abụ n'ọnọdụ mgbe ọnụọgụ abụọ nke elu elu abụọ a hà nhata n'oge ụgbọ elu. A ga-ewere ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ dị ka "ezigbo". Ihe mepụtara "Krasnov-duck" na "Krasnov-weather vane" na-eme ka o kwe omume ịghọta n'ezie echiche nke "ụgbọ elu dị mma" na-enweghị ịmalite ịkwado nkwụsi ike site na sistemụ akpaka.
Ntụle nke "ụgbọ elu dị mma" na ụgbọ elu ọgbara ọhụrụ nke nhazi nkịtị na-egosi na ọ ga-ekwe omume ịnweta 33% uru na ibu azụmahịa mgbe ị na-echekwa 23% na mmanụ ụgbọala n'otu oge.
FGO na-emepụta ebuli kacha elu n'akụkụ ọgụ dị nso dị oke egwu, na ọnọdụ a bụ nke a na-ahụkarị maka oge ọdịda nke ụgbọ elu ahụ. N'okwu a, ikuku nke ikuku n'akụkụ ebe a na-ebu ibu dị nso na oke n'etiti nkịtị na ụlọ ahịa. Nkwụsị nke mgbaba na-esi n'elu GO na-esonyere ya na mfu dị egwu nke ebuli na ya na, n'ihi ya, mwedata siri ike nke imi ụgbọ elu, nke a na-akpọ "pitch." Ihe ngosi nke "peck" bụ ọdachi Tu-144 dị na Le Bourget, mgbe ọ dara mgbe ọ na-apụ na mmiri mmiri kpọmkwem ka mmiri ahụ gachara. Ojiji nke CSF chọrọ na-eme ka o kwe omume idozi nsogbu a n'ụzọ dị mfe. Iji mee nke a, ọ dị mkpa naanị ịgbachi akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke servo steering na FGO. N'okwu a, akụkụ ọgụ nke FGO ga-adị oke ma ọ dịghị mgbe ọ ga-adaba nke dị oke egwu.
"Weathervane stabilizer"
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Ajụjụ nke iji FGO na atụmatụ nkịtị bụ mmasị. Ọ bụrụ na ị naghị ebelata, ma n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, mụbaa n'akuku ntụgharị nke FGO ma e jiri ya tụnyere servo steering wheel, dị ka egosiri na fig. 4, mgbe ahụ, mwepu nke FGO ga-adị elu karịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere stabilizer (7).
Nke a na-enye ohere nlebara anya ụgbọ elu na etiti oke ibugharị n'azụ. N'ihi ya, ibu ụgbọ mmiri nke FGO stabilizer na-aghọ ọ bụghị ihe ọjọọ, kama ọ dị mma. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na etiti uka nke ụgbọ elu ahụ na-atụgharị karịa ihe a na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ akụkụ ngbanwe nke flap (isi nke ngwa nke mmụba na-ebuli elu n'ihi nkwụsị nke flap), mgbe ahụ, stabilizer feather na-emepụta ike na-ebuli elu na nhazi ọdịda. .
Mana ihe ndị a niile nwere ike ịbụ eziokwu ma ọ bụrụhaala na anyị anaghị eburu n'uche mmetụta nke breeki na mgbawa bevel si n'ihu na-ebu elu gaa n'azụ. O doro anya na n'ihe banyere "ọbọgwụ" ọrụ nke mmetụta a dị ntakịrị. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na stabilizer "na-eburu" ndị agha agha, gịnị kpatara na ọ ga-akwụsị "ibu" n'ụgbọ elu ndị nkịtị?
"Krasnov-plan" ma ọ bụ "pseudo-vane ọbọgwụ"
Ngwunye nke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nke ọma, ka na-eme ka nhazi nke ụgbọ elu ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ tụgharịrị na ibelata ihe nrụpụta ihe nrụpụta nwere ike nweta site n'ụzọ dị ọnụ ala karịa.
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Na fig. Onyonyo 4 na-egosi destabilizer 1 nke ụgbọ elu chọrọ ijikọ nke ọma na fuselage (egosighi na eserese). A kwadebere ya na ụzọ isi gbanwee ike ibuli ya n'ụdị steering wheel 2, nke, na-eji mgbanaka 3, na-etinye ya na bracket 4, na-ejikọta ya na destabilizer 1. N'otu aka ahụ 4, na-eji mgbanaka. 5, e nwere mkpanaka 6, na azụ azụ nke servo steering wheel 7 na-ejikọta ya na njedebe n'ihu nke mkpanaka 6, na-esote mgbanaka 5, a na-edozi lever 8 nke ọma, njedebe elu ya bụ nke dị elu. ejikọrọ na mkpanaka 9 site na mgbanaka 10. N'azụ azụ nke mkpanaka 10 e nwere hinge 11 na-ejikọta ya na lever 12 nke trimmer 13 nke elevator 2. N'okwu a, a na-etinye trimmer 13 n'azụ azụ nke steering wheel 14 na-eji mgbanaka 2. Clutch 15 na-agbanwe ogologo ntinye 10 n'okpuru njikwa nke onye na-anya ụgbọ elu maka njikwa pitch.
Destabilizer ewepụtara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a. Ọ bụrụ na akụkụ nke ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu ahụ na-abawanye na mberede, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ọ na-abanye na elu, a na-atụgharị servo steering wheel 7 n'elu, nke gụnyere ngbanwe nke ntinye 10 n'aka ekpe, i.e. na-aga n'ihu ma na-eduga na ntụgharị nke trimmer 13 ala, n'ihi nke a na-atụgharị elevator 2 n'elu. Ọnọdụ nke steering wheel 2, servo steering wheel 7 na trimmer 13 na ọnọdụ a kọwara na-anọchi anya na eserese site na akara akara.
N'ihi ya, mmụba nke ike ibuli nke destabilizer 1 n'ihi mmụba nke akụkụ nke ọgụ ga-adị n'ókè ụfọdụ site na mgbago elu nke elevator 2. Ogo nke ọkwa a na-adabere n'ogo nke akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke wheel servo 7 na steering wheel 2. Na nke a ruru ka atọrọ ogologo levers 8 na 12. Mgbe akụkụ nke ọgụ na-ebelata, elevator 2 na-deflected ala, na-ebuli ike nke destabilizer 1 na-abawanye, leveling si mbelata na n'akuku nke ọgụ.
N'ụzọ dị otú a, a na-enweta mbelata nke mmepụta nke destabilizer ma e jiri ya tụnyere oge ochie "ọbọgwụ".
N'ihi na eziokwu na servo steering wheel 7 na trimmer 13 na-ejikọta kinematically na ibe ha, ha na-edozi ibe ha. Ọ bụrụ na nhazi a ezughị ezu, mgbe ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịgụnye ịdị arọ na-edozi ahụ na nhazi ahụ, nke a ga-etinyerịrị ma ọ bụ n'ime ụgbọ ala servo 7 ma ọ bụ na ndọtị nke mkpanaka 6 n'ihu mgbanaka 5. Igwe mbuli 2 ga-enwerịrị. bụrụkwa nke ziri ezi.
Ebe ọ bụ na ihe ndọpụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ọgụ nke elu na-ebu bụ ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ ka ọ dị okpukpu abụọ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ngbanwe nke flap, mgbe ahụ, mgbe akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke rudder 2 dị okpukpu abụọ dị elu karịa akụkụ ahụ. nke ntụgharị nke servo rudder 7, ọ ga-ekwe omume iji nweta uru nke mmepụta nke destabilizer nso zero.
Servo rudder 7 hà nhata na mpaghara iji trimmer 13 nke rudder 2 dị elu. Ya bụ, mgbakwunye na nhazi ụgbọ elu dị ntakịrị na nha ma na-eme ka ọ sie ike.
Ya mere, ọ ga-ekwe omume inweta otu nsonaazụ ahụ dị ka "vane canard" na-eji naanị teknụzụ mmepụta ụgbọ elu ọdịnala. Ya mere, a pụrụ ịkpọ ụgbọ elu nwere ụdị ihe ndọghachi azụ dị otú ahụ "pseudo-vane duck." A natara patent maka ihe a mepụtara na aha "Krasnov-plan" (8).
"Ụgbọ elu nke na-eleghara ọgba aghara anya"
Ọ bụ nnukwu ihe amamihe dị na ya imepụta ụgbọ elu nke ihu na-ebuli elu na azụ nwere mkpokọta ihe ọha nhata na efu.
Ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-eleghara ikuku kwụ ọtọ anya, ndị njem ya agaghịkwa enwe mmetụta "mkparịta ụka" ọbụlagodi na ọgba aghara siri ike na mbara igwe. Na, ebe ọ bụ na ikuku kwụ ọtọ nke oke ikuku adịghị eduga n'ibufe ụgbọ elu ahụ, enwere ike ịgụta ya na ọ ga-ebufe ibu ọrụ dị ala nke ukwuu, nke ga-enwe mmetụta dị mma na ịdị arọ nke nhazi ya. N'ihi n'eziokwu na ụgbọ elu ahụ anaghị enweta oke ibu n'oge ụgbọ elu, ikuku ikuku ya adịghị adabere na ike ọgwụgwụ.
A na-enweta mbelata nke nku nke ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ maka onye na-emebi ihe na "pseudo-vane canard". Ma servo anaghị eme ihe na mbuli elu, kama na flaperons nku. Flaperon bụ akụkụ nke nku na-arụ ọrụ dị ka aileron na flap. N'okwu a, n'ihi mgbanwe mgbanwe na-enweghị usoro n'akụkụ ọgụ nke nku, ike ebuli ya na-abawanye na nlebara anya n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ọgụ. Na mmụba na-adịghị mma na nku na-ebuli ike n'ihi ngbanwe nke flaperon site na servo rudder na-eme n'ebe a na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke flaperon. Na anya n'etiti foci ndị a fọrọ nke nta ka hà ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke nkezi aerodynamic chord nke nku. N'ihi omume nke ndị agha multidirectional abụọ a, a na-emepụta oge nkwụsịtụ, nke a ga-akwụ ụgwọ site n'oge nke destabilizer. N'okwu a, onye na-emebi ihe kwesịrị inwe obere ihe na-adịghị mma, na uru nke nku nku kwesịrị ịdị ntakịrị karịa efu. RF patent No. 2710955 natara maka ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ.
Ntọala nke ewepụtara na-anọchite anya, eleghị anya, ozi ikuku ikuku ikpeazụ ejighi eme ihe maka ịbawanye arụmọrụ akụ na ụba nke ụgbọ elu subsonic site na atọ ma ọ bụ karịa.
Yuri Krasnov
AKWITERKWỌ
- D. Sobolev. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke narị afọ nke "nku na-efe efe", Moscow, Rusavia, 1988, p. 100.
- Yu. Krasnov. RF patent No. 2000251.
- A. Yurkonenko. Nhọrọ "ọbọgwụ". Teknụzụ - ntorobịa 2009-08. Ibe 6-11
- V. Lapin. Kedu mgbe ihu igwe ga-efe efe? Ụgbọ elu izugbe. 2011. Nke 8. Ibe 38-41.
- Yu. Krasnov. RF patent No. 2609644.
- Yu. Krasnov. RF patent No. 2651959.
- Yu. Krasnov. RF patent No. 2609620.
- Yu. Krasnov. RF patent No. 2666094.
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