Ya mere, onye chepụtara redio: Guglielmo Marconi ma ọ bụ Alexander Popov?

Popov nwere ike ịbụ onye mbụ - mana o meghị patent nke ọ mepụtara ma ọ bụ nwaa ịgbasa ha

N'afọ 1895, ọkà mmụta physics bụ́ Alexander Popov ji ngwá égbè eluigwe ya gosi mgbasa nke ebili mmiri redio.

Onye chepụtara redio? Azịza gị nwere ike ịdabere na ebe i si.

Na May 7, 1945, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọchịchị si n'Òtù Kọmunist nke Soviet Union jupụtara na Bolshoi Theatre dị na Moscow, na-eme ememe ncheta afọ 50 nke ihe ngosi redio mbụ mere. Alexander Popov. Nke a bụ ohere ịsọpụrụ onye na-emepụta ihe n'ime ụlọ ma gbalịa ime ka ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme pụọ na mmezu ya Guglielmo Marconi, bụ onye a ma ama n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa dị ka onye mepụtara redio. A mara ọkwa May 7 na USSR redio n'ụbọchị, nke a na-eme ememe ruo taa na Russia.

Ihe a na-ekwu banyere mkpa Popov dị ka onye na-emepụta redio dabeere na nkuzi o nyere na May 7, 1895, "Na mmekọrịta nke metal powders na eletriki vibrations" na St. Petersburg University.

Alexander Popov mepụtara redio mbụ nke nwere ike ịnye koodu Morse

Ngwa Popov dị mfe onye nchikota ["Branly tube"] - otu iko iko nwere ntinye igwe n'ime, yana electrodes abụọ dị ihe dị ka sentimita ole na ole n'ebe ibe ha nọ pụta. Ngwaọrụ ahụ dabere na ọrụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị France Edouard Branly, onye kọwara atụmatụ yiri nke ahụ na 1890, na n'ọrụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị Bekee Oliver Lodge, onye kwalitere ngwaọrụ ahụ na 1893. Na mbụ, nguzogide nke electrodes dị elu, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye ọkụ eletrik na ha, ụzọ maka ugbu a ga-apụta na obere nkwụsị. Ihe dị ugbu a ga-asọba, ma mgbe ahụ, ntinye akwụkwọ ígwè ga-amalite ịkụda na nguzogide ga-abawanye. Ọ dị mkpa ka a maa jijiji ma ọ bụ kpatụ onye na-ekekọta ihe oge ọ bụla iji chụsasịa sawdust ahụ ọzọ.

Dị ka Central Museum of Communications aha ya bụ A. S. Popov na St. Petersburg, ngwaọrụ Popov bụ onye nnata redio mbụ nwere ike ịmata akara site na ogologo oge ha. Ọ na-eji akara ngosi coherer Lodge wee gbakwunye otu polarized telegraph relay, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe nrịba elu ugbu a. Mgbasa ozi ahụ nyere Popov ohere ijikọ mmepụta nke nnata na mgbịrịgba eletrik, ngwaọrụ ndekọ, ma ọ bụ telifon, wee nata nzaghachi eletrọnịkị. Foto nke ngwaọrụ dị otú ahụ nwere mgbịrịgba sitere na nchịkọta ihe ngosi nka gosipụtara na mmalite nke isiokwu ahụ. Nzaghachi ahụ weghachiri onye nhazi ahụ ozugbo na ọnọdụ izizi ya. Mgbe mgbịrịgba kụrụ, onye na-emekọ ihe na-ama jijiji ozugbo.

Na Machị 24, 1896, Popov mere ngosipụta ihu ọha ọzọ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ - oge a na-ebufe ozi na koodu Morse site na telegraph ikuku. Na ọzọ, mgbe na St. Petersburg University, na nzukọ nke Russian Physical na Chemical Society, Popov zipụrụ mgbaàmà n'etiti abụọ ụlọ dị 243 mita si onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Prọfesọ ahụ guzoro n'elu bọọdụ dị n'ụlọ nke abụọ, na-ede akwụkwọ ozi ndị a nabatara na koodu Morse. Okwu ndị si pụta bụ: Heinrich Hertz.

Sekit dabere na Coherer dị ka Popov's ghọrọ ntọala maka akụrụngwa redio ọgbọ mbụ. A nọgidere na-eji ha eme ihe ruo n'afọ 1907, mgbe ndị na-anata na-adabere na ihe nchọpụta kristal dochie ha.

Popov na Marconi bịakwutere redio kpamkpam dị iche iche

Popov dịkọrọ ndụ na Marconi, ma ha mepụtara ngwá ọrụ ha n'onwe ha, na-amaghị banyere ibe ha. Ịchọpụta nke izizi siri ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi n'ihi akwụkwọ ezughị oke nke ihe omume, nkọwa arụmụka nke ihe mejupụtara redio, na nganga mba.

Otu n'ime ihe mere e ji nwee mmasị na Marconi na mba ụfọdụ bụ na ọ maara nke ọma banyere mgbagwoju anya nke ikike ọgụgụ isi. Otu n'ime ụzọ kachasị mma iji chekwaa ọnọdụ gị na akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ịdebanye aha patent ma bipụta nchọpụta gị n'oge. Popov emeghị nke a. Ọ tinyeghị akwụkwọ maka patent maka onye na-achọpụta àmụmà ya, ọ dịghịkwa ndekọ ndekọ aha nke ihe ngosi ya nke March 24, 1896 dị. N'ihi ya, ọ gbahapụrụ mmepe nke redio wee were X-ray ahụ a chọtara na nso nso a.

Marconi tinyere akwụkwọ maka patent na Britain na June 2, 1896, ọ ghọkwara ngwa mbụ n'ihe gbasara redio telegraphy. Ọ chịkọtara ngwa ngwa ntinye ego dị mkpa iji zụọ ahịa usoro ya, mepụta nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ya mere a na-ewere ya dị ka onye na-emepụta redio n'ọtụtụ mba na-abụghị Russia.

Ọ bụ ezie na Popov anwaghị ịgbasa redio maka ebumnobi izisa ozi, ọ hụrụ na ọ nwere ike iji ya na-edekọ ọgba aghara ikuku - dị ka onye na-achọpụta àmụmà. Na July 1895, o tinyere onye na-achọpụta ọkụ ọkụ mbụ na meteorological observatory nke Forestry Institute na St. Petersburg. Ọ nwere ike ịchọpụta égbè eluigwe n'ebe dị anya ruru 50 km. N'afọ sochirinụ, o tinyere onye nchọpụta nke abụọ na ihe ngosi mmepụta ihe nke Russia nile, nke e mere na Nizhny Novgorod, 400 km site na Moscow.

Afọ ole na ole mgbe nke a gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ nlele Hoser Victor dị na Budapest malitere ịmepụta ihe ọkụ ọkụ dabere na atụmatụ Popov.

Ngwa Popov ruru South Africa

Otu n'ime ụgbọ ala ya ruru South Africa, na-aga kilomita 13. Taa, a na-egosipụta ya na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie South Africa Institute of Electric Engineers (SAIE) na Johannesburg.

Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka anaghị ama mgbe niile nkọwa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe ngosi nke ha. Isi mmalite nke akụrụngwa ochie siri ike ịchọta. Ihe ndekọ ihe ngosi nka ezughị ezu, ndị ọrụ na-agbanwe ugboro ugboro, na n'ihi ya, nzukọ ahụ nwere ike tufuo ihe na mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Nke a nwere ike ime onye nchọpụta Popov na South Africa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka anya siri ike nke Derk Vermeulen, onye injinia eletriki na onye nọtere aka na otu SAIEE's history buff group. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Vermeulen kwenyere na ihe ngosi a bụ ammeter ochie a na-edekọ ọnụ nke ejiri tụọ ugbu a. Otú ọ dị, otu ụbọchị, o kpebiri ịmụ ihe ngosi ahụ nke ọma. Ọ hụrụ n'anya na ọ nwere ike bụrụ ihe kacha ochie na mkpokọta SAIEE, yana naanị ngwa dị ndụ sitere na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Johannesburg.

Ihe nchọpụta ọkụ nke Popov sitere na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Johannesburg, na ngosi na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke South Africa Institute of Electrical Engineers.

Na 1903, ọchịchị colonial nyere iwu ka onye nchọpụta Popov, n'etiti ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọhụrụ nke dị n'elu ugwu dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ. Nhazi nke ihe nchọta a dabara na ihe mbụ Popov mere, ma e wezụga na onye na-ama jijiji, nke na-ama jijiji na sawdust, na-emegharịkwa mkpịsị ndekọ ahụ. A na-ekechi akwụkwọ ndekọ ahụ n'okirikiri aluminom nke na-atụgharị otu ugboro n'otu awa. Na mgbanwe nke ọ bụla nke drum, ihe nkedo dị iche na-atụgharị kwaaji site na 2 mm, n'ihi ya akụrụngwa nwere ike idekọ ihe omume ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị n'usoro.

Vermeulen kọwara nchọta ya maka mbipụta Disemba 2000 nke Usoro nke IEEE. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ hapụrụ anyị n'afọ gara aga, ma onye ọrụ ibe ya Max Clark nwere ike izitere anyị foto nke onye nchọpụta South Africa. Vermeulen gbasiri mbọ ike maka imepụta ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie maka nchịkọta ihe ndị echekwara na SAIEE, wee mezuo ebumnuche ya na 2014. Ọ dị ka ihe ziri ezi, n'ime edemede a raara nye ndị ọsụ ụzọ mgbasa ozi redio, iji mara uru nke Vermeulen ma cheta ihe nchọpụta ebili mmiri redio ọ chọtara.

isi: www.habr.com