Okwu Mmalite
Ezubere akụkọ a maka nlebara anya nke ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ na-akwado ebe ọrụ a na-ahụkarị na kọmpụta na-agba Windows 10, gụnyere ndị mmepe ngwanrọ.
Ekwesiri iburu n'uche na enwere nsogbu nke jikọtara ya na enweghi ike ijikọ ngwanrọ enwetara site na Storelọ Ahịa Microsoft dị n'ịntanetị maka ojiji na omenala Windows 10 onyonyo. mmemme arụnyere na Ụlọ Ahịa Microsoft na-ekwurịta okwu na akaụntụ ọrụ onye nchịkwa, yana mgbe ọrụ mechara ihe oyiyi omenala. sysprep njehie na-eme n'ihi ọnọdụ a.
Usoro a tụlere n'isiokwu a na-ezere nsogbu a mgbe ị na-akwadebe ihe oyiyi Windows 10 OS nwere usoro WSL2 ahaziri ahazi, yana nke akwadoro ma hazie Ubuntu 20.04 OS nke nwere KDE Plasma GUI, nke n'aka nke ya nwere ike inwe nke ya. set nke omenala software.
Enwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ na nkuzi na ịntanetị maka ịtọlite WSL subsystems (ya bụ WSL1 na WSL2 dị ọhụrụ), na-edozi interface GUI maka sistemụ Linux dabeere na Ubuntu 16.04 ruo Ubuntu 20.04, mana nke a na-emetụta kọmpụta ndị dabeere na desktọpụ. na nke a na-akpọ. "dị arọ" xfce4, nke nwere oke nghọta na ntọala onye ọrụ. Mana dị ka KDE Plasma GUI maka Ubuntu 20.04 metụtara, ọnweghị ọtụtụ ozi achọtara na net. Mana ọ bụ nhọrọ a na-enye onye ọrụ njedebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ntọala na-akparaghị ókè maka ma ọdịdị nke sistemụ na ntọala ngwaike, n'ezie, na-eburu n'uche ikike njikọta ugbu a nke sistemụ Linux etinyere na sistemụ WSL2.
Ịwụnye ngwa ngwanrọ achọrọ yana ịhazi WSL2
Anyị na-elele ụdị Windows dị ugbu a, maka nke a, na ogwe nchọta Windows, tinye iwu ahụ winver na anyị nwetara ihe dị ka nke a:
Ọ dị mkpa na ụdị OS ahụ bụ 1903 ma ọ bụ 1909 (ụdị OS akọwapụtara ga-abụrịrị na arụnyere mkpokọta KB4566116), ma ọ bụ 2004 (ọnụọgụ ụlọ na-erughị 19041), ozi ndị ọzọ adịghị mkpa. Ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ ụdị ahụ erughị nke ahụ, a na-atụ aro ka ị kwalite gaa na ụdị Windows kachasị ọhụrụ iji mepụtaghachi nsonaazụ n'isiokwu a nke ọma.
Maka ịdị mma nke omume ndị ọzọ, wụnye Terminal Windows n'efu site na iji Ụlọ Ahịa Microsoft (enwerekwa ohere nke nbudata site na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ):
Anyị na-etinye X Server X410 site na otu Ụlọ Ahịa Microsoft, a na-akwụ ụgwọ ngwanrọ a, mana enwere oge n'efu nke ụbọchị 15, nke zuru ezu maka ule dị iche iche.
Dị ka free ọzọ na X410 ma wụnye ihe nkesa VcXsrv X.
N'ebe ọ bụla dị mma na diski, anyị na-emepụta ndekọ nke anyị ga-echekwa faịlụ anyị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka anyị mepụta ndekọ C:wsl.
ma wụnye Ubuntu 20.04 standalone installer, wepụ faịlụ na-esi na ya pụta site na iji ebe nchekwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 7-zip). Jiri ogologo aha tinye aha ndekọ aha a na-ebughị ibu Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 n'ime ihe ọzọ na-anabata, dị ka Ubuntu-20.04 ma detuo ya na ndekọ C:wsl (nke a emechaa dị mfe wsl).
ma bupụ ya n'ime akwụkwọ ndekọ aha wsl ihe nkesa ụda cross-platform PulseAudio v.1.1., anyị na-emekwa ndozi na faịlụ nhazi ya.
Na faịlụ wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa ngalaba Load audio drivers statically dezie ahịrị:
load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0
na n'akụkụ Network access dezie ahịrị:
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
Na faịlụ wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf uncomment ma gbanwee ahịrị
exit-idle-time = -1
Anyị na-ahazi WSL2 subsystem dị ka Microsoft. Naanị okwu bụ na anyị ebudatala nkesa Ubuntu, anyị ga-etinye ya na nzọụkwụ ọzọ. N'ụzọ bụ isi, nhazi ahụ na-agbada iji mee ka ihe ndị ọzọ "Windows Subsystem for Linux" na "Virtual Machine Platform", wee malitegharịa ka itinye mgbanwe na ntọala kọmputa:
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ma wụnye ngwugwu ọrụ kernel Linux na WSL2.
Anyị na-amalite Windows Terminal wee họrọ ọnọdụ Command ozugbo site na ịpị igodo Ctrl+Shift+2.
Nke mbụ, anyị na-edozi ụdị ọrụ WSL2, maka nke a, anyị na-abanye iwu:
wsl --set-default-version 2
Gbanwee na Ubuntu 20.04 standalone bootloader directory, n'ọnọdụ m nke a bụ wslUbuntu-20.04 ma mee faịlụ ahụ ubuntu2004.exe. Mgbe kpaliri maka aha njirimara, tinye aha njirimara engineer (ị nwere ike itinye aha ọ bụla ọzọ), tinye paswọọdụ gị wee kwado paswọọdụ abanyela maka akaụntụ akọwapụtara:
Ngwa ngwa ngwa na-egosi, etinyere kernel Ubuntu 20.04. Ka anyị lelee izi ezi nke ntọala ọnọdụ WSL2, maka nke a, na Windows Terminal, họrọ taabụ Windows PowerShell wee tinye iwu:
wsl -l -v
nsonaazụ nke ogbugbu kwesịrị ịdị ka nke a:
Anyị na-ahazi firewall Microsoft Defender, i.e. gbanyụọ ya maka netwọk ọha:
Mepụta Ubuntu 20.04
Na Windows Terminal, họrọ taabụ Command ozugbo wee wụnye mmelite maka Ubuntu 20.04. Iji mee nke a, na ahịrị iwu, tinye:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y
Wụnye desktọpụ Plasma KDE:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y
echichi na-ewe ihe dị ka nkeji 30, dabere na arụmọrụ nke kọmputa na bandwit nke ọwa ịntanetị, mgbe onye nrụnye kpaliri, anyị na-akwado. OK.
Wụnye mpaghara Russia na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Ubuntu 20.04. Iji mee nke a, na ahịrị iwu, tinye:
sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales
Tinye ụdị desktọpụ Plasma KDE kachasị ọhụrụ:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Anyị na-agbakwunye ngwa console nke anyị, dịka ọmụmaatụ mc и neofetch:
sudo apt install mc neofetch -y
Anyị na-elele ihe merenụ, banye n'ahịrị iwu neofetch, lee nseta ihuenyo:
Na-edezi faịlụ nhazi WSL /etc/wsl.conf:
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
detuo ederede n'ime windo ndezi ederede efu na-emepe:
[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true
chekwaa mgbanwe (Ctrl+O), kwado ọrụ ahụ wee pụọ na editọ ederede (Ctrl+X).
Na-ebupụ ihe oyiyi Ubuntu-20.04 ahaziri na ndekọ anyị mepụtara wsl. Iji mee nke a, na Windows Terminal, họrọ taabụ Windows PowerShell ọzọ wee tinye iwu:
wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
Ihe onyonyo a mepụtara ga-enyere anyị aka ịmegharị ọrụ nke ịmalite / reinstall Ubuntu 20.04 ahaziri, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ọ ga-enye anyị ohere ịnyefe ya na kọmputa ọzọ ngwa ngwa.
Na-akwado faịlụ bat na ụzọ mkpirisi gaa na desktọpụ Windows
Iji nchịkọta akụkọ Notepad ++, mepụta faịlụ bat (a chọrọ na OEM-866 ntinye maka mmepụta ziri ezi nke mkpụrụedemede Cyrillic):
file Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - emebere iji mebe nrụnye izizi nke Ubuntu 20.04 emepụtara na kọmpụta nwere sistemụ WSL2 ahaziri ahazi yana sava X. Ọ bụrụ na aha njirimara na paswọọdụ dị iche na nke akọwapụtara na ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ahụ ịkwesịrị ịme mgbanwe kwesịrị ekwesị na faịlụ bat a:
@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause
file Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - emebere ka ịwụnye ihe oyiyi Ubuntu 20.04 akwadoro na kọmputa.
@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause
file Set-default-user.bat - ka ịtọ onye ọrụ ndabara.
@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause
file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - mmalite nke desktọọpụ KDE Plasma.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ịmalite ọdụ eserese na-enweghị desktọpụ Plasma KDE.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
Ọzọkwa maka mfe ojiji na katalọgụ wsl anyị na-akwado ụzọ mkpirisi na-atụ aka na faịlụ bat kwekọrọ. Mgbe ahụ ọdịnaya nke ndekọ wsl yiri nke a:
Na-amalite KDE Plasma Desktop
Anyị na-elele na emechaala usoro nkwadebe niile, anyị na-agbalị ịmalite ụzọ mkpirisi ahụ Plasma-desktop. Arịrịọ okwuntughe na-egosi, tinye paswọọdụ maka akaụntụ na ... mpio mechie. Ọ dị mma oge mbụ. Anyị na-agbalị ọzọ - anyị na-ahụ nke ọma KDE Plasma taskbar. Anyị na-ahazi ọdịdị nke taskbar, na ihe atụ, maka ịdị mfe iji, panel ahụ na-akwaga n'akụkụ aka nri nke ihuenyo na etiti. Anyị na-elele ntọala mpaghara, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, tinye asụsụ Rọshịa:
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, anyị na-ebute ụzọ mkpirisi maka ngwa Linux arụnyere na KDE Plasma taskbar.
Ọ bụrụ na Ubuntu 20.04 chọrọ ka ị pụọ na akaụntụ njirimara gị iji tinye mgbanwe na ntọala ahụ, ma ọ bụ ịkwesịrị ịmalitegharịa OS, iji mee nke a, na Windows Terminal, tinye iwu:
wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown
Na ụzọ mkpirisi Plasma-desktop ma ọ bụ Konsole ị nwere ike ịgba ọsọ KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, tinye ya na Konsole Ihe ndezi eserese GIMP:
Mgbe echichi zuru ezu, na-agba ọsọ si Konsole Ihe ndezi eserese GIMP:
GIMP na-arụ ọrụ, nke bụ ihe m chọrọ ịlele.
Ma nke a bụ ka ngwa Linux dị iche iche si arụ ọrụ na KDE Plasma na WSL2:
ihe ọrụ KDE Plasma ahaziri ahaziri dị n'akụkụ aka nri nke ihuenyo ahụ. na vidiyo dị na windo Firefox na-eji ụda egwu egwu.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ị nwere ike hazie ịnweta Ubuntu20.04 site na SSH и RDP, maka nke a ịkwesịrị ịwụnye ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị na iwu:
sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y
ndetu: iji mee ka ịnweta okwuntughe site na SSH ịkwesịrị idezi faịlụ ahụ /etc/ssh/sshd_config, ya bụ paramita PasswordAuthentication no a ghaghị ịtọ ya PasswordAuthentication yes, chekwaa mgbanwe wee malitegharịa Ubuntu20.04.
Oge ọ bụla ịmalite Ubuntu20.04, adreesị IP ime na-agbanwe, tupu ịtọlite ohere dịpụrụ adịpụ, ịkwesịrị ịlele adreesị IP dị ugbu a site na iji iwu ahụ. ip a:
N'ihi ya, a ga-abanyerịrị adreesị IP a na ntọala nnọkọ SSH и RDP tupu ịmalite.
Nke a bụ ihe nnweta remote dị ka SSH iji MobaXterm:
Na nke a bụ ihe nnweta n'ime ime dị ka RDP:
Iji x nkesa vcxsrv kama x410
Ịmalite na ịhazi vcxsrv, jiri nlezianya dozie igbe nrịbama kwesịrị ekwesị:
Na-echekwa nhazi ahaziri na ndekọ wslvcxsrv na aha ọkọlọtọ config.xlaunch.
Na-edezi faịlụ bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat dika ntuziaka ha si di.
Na-amalite ụzọ mkpirisi Plasma-desktop, na nke a bụ ihe anyị nwetara:
Desktọpụ Plasma KDE na-emechi desktọpụ Windows kpamkpam, ka ịgbanwee n'etiti windo Linux na ngwa windows anyị na-eji nchikota igodo amaara nke ọma. Alt+Tab, nke na-adịghị mma nke ukwuu.
Na mgbakwunye, e gosipụtara ihe na-adịghị mma nke ihe nkesa X vcxsrv - ọ na-akụda mgbe ị na-eme ụfọdụ ngwa, ọkachasị otu GIMP ma ọ bụ LibreOffice Writer. Ikekwe anyị kwesịrị ichere ruo mgbe ndị mmepe wepụrụ "nchinchi" ndị a chọpụtara, ma nke a abụghị ihe doro anya ... Ya mere, iji nweta nsonaazụ a na-anabata, ọ ka mma iji X Server Microsoft x410.
nkwubi
N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, anyị ga-akwụrịrị Microsoft ụtụ, ngwaahịa WSL2 tụgharịrị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na n'echiche m enweghị ahụmahụ, ọ ga-aga nke ọma. Ma dị ka m maara, ndị mmepe na-anọgide na-agbasi mbọ ike "mechaa" ya, na ikekwe - n'ime otu afọ ma ọ bụ abụọ, a subsystem ga-apụta na ya niile arụmọrụ zuru ezu.
isi: www.habr.com