Anyị na-atụle ịgbasa ike nke Onye njikwa nhazi Center Center (ngwaahịa maka ijikwa akụrụngwa IT) mgbe ị na-ebugharị PC onye ọrụ na netwọk site na iji PXE. Anyị na-emepụta menu buut dabere na PXELinux nwere arụmọrụ Center Center wee tinye nyocha mgbochi nje, nyocha na onyonyo mgbake. Na njedebe nke isiokwu a, anyị na-emetụ aka na njirimara nke System Center 2012 Configuration Manager na njikọ Windows Deployment Services (WDS) mgbe ị na-ebuli site na PXE.
Anyị na-eme omume niile na gburugburu ule nke ejirila System Center 2012 Configuration Manager SP1 arụnyere, onye na-ahụ maka ngalaba, yana ọtụtụ igwe nyocha. A na-eche na SCCM ejirila PXE na-ebugharị na netwọkụ.
entry
Ebe ule nwere ọtụtụ igwe mebere. Igwe igwe niile nwere OS ọbịa Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 (x64), ihe nkwụnye netwọkụ E1000, Onye njikwa SCSI: LSI Logic SAS
Aha (Ọrụ)
Adreesị IP / aha DNS
Arụ ọrụ
SCCM (Onye njikwa nhazi Center System)
192.168.57.102
sccm2012.ule.local
Onye njikwa nhazi Center Center arụnyere 2012 SP1
DC (AD, DHCP, DNS)
192.168.57.10
dc1.ule.local
Ọrụ nke onye njikwa ngalaba, ihe nkesa DHCP na sava DNS
G.W. (Ọnụ ụzọ)
192.168.57.1
Ntugharị n'etiti netwọk. Ọrụ Gateway
1. Tinye PXELinux na SCCM
Anyị na-eme omume na igwe ebe arụnyere njikwa nhazi Center Center
Ka anyị chọpụta ndekọ ebe faịlụ WDS dị maka nbudata, maka nke a, anyị na-eleba anya na ndekọ maka uru nke oke. RootFolder n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesWDSServerProvidersWDSTFTP
Uru efu C:RemoteInstall
Faịlụ ndị a ga-ebudata site na ebe ntinye SCCM dị na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha smsbootx86 и smsbootx64 dabere na ije.
Nke mbụ, guzobe ndekọ maka ihe owuwu 32-bit, na ndabara c:Remoteinstallsmsbootx86
Budata ebe nchekwa na nke kachasị ọhụrụ syslinux . Detuo site na syslinux-5.01.zip gaa na c:Remoteinstallsmsbootx86 faịlụ ndị a: memdisk, chain.c32, ldlinux.c32, libcom32.c32, libutil.c32, pxechn.c32, vesamenu.c32, pxelinux.0
A chọrọ faịlụ ndị ọzọ iji zere ụdị njehie ahụ.
В c:Remoteinstallsmsbootx86 nyegharịa aha pxelinux.0 в pxelinux.com
Na nchekwa c:remoteinstallsmsbootx86 mee oyiri abortpxe.com ma nyegharịa ya aha abortpxe.0
Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nyegharịa aha ka ndọtị .0, mgbe ahụ dịka ọmụmaatụ ntụziaka
Kernel abortpxe.com
ga-ada na njehie na-esonụ: Booting kernel dara: Nọmba faịlụ ọjọọ
Maka PXELINUX, ekwesịrị ịtọ ndọtị faịlụ nbudata dịka efere ahụ siri dị
none or other Linux kernel image
.0 PXE bootstrap program (NBP) [PXELINUX only]
.bin "CD boot sector" [ISOLINUX only]
.bs Boot sector [SYSLINUX only]
.bss Boot sector, DOS superblock will be patched in [SYSLINUX only]
.c32 COM32 image (32-bit COMBOOT)
.cbt COMBOOT image (not runnable from DOS)
.com COMBOOT image (runnable from DOS)
.img Disk image [ISOLINUX only]
Ka ị ghara ịpị igodo F12 ọtụtụ oge mgbe ị na-ebunye SCCM site na menu, nyegharịa pxeboot.com aha na pxeboot.com.f12, detuo pxeboot.n12 na pxeboot.com
Ọ bụrụ na emeghị nke a, mgbe ahụ mgbe ị na-ahọrọ, anyị ga-enweta ozi dị otú ahụ mgbe ọ bụla Mara: Echefula ịnyegharị faịlụ ndị a na folda x64 aha. mgbe ọ na-ebu x86wdsnbp.com site na folda x86, onye na-ebu ibu na-ekpebi nhazi nhazi ihe nhazi na faịlụ na-esote na-ebufe na nchekwa ahụ na ụkpụrụ ụlọ kwekọrọ. Ya mere, maka x64, faịlụ na-esote agaghị adị x86pxeboot.comna x64pxeboot.com
Budata / mepụta ndabere.png, mkpebi 640x480, detuo n'otu nchekwa ahụ. Mepụta nchekwa ISO ebe anyị ga-etinye ihe oyiyi ISO. Mepụta nchekwa pxelinux.cfg maka configs.
Na pxelinux.cfg nchekwa, mepụta faịlụ ndabara, na ntinye koodu na-abụghị Unicode, yana ọdịnaya ahụ. ndabara (pịa iji gosi)
# используем графическое меню
DEFAULT vesamenu.c32
PROMPT 0
timeout 80
TOTALTIMEOUT 9000
MENU TITLE PXE Boot Menu (x86)
MENU INCLUDE pxelinux.cfg/graphics.conf
MENU AUTOBOOT Starting Local System in 8 seconds
# Boot local HDD (default)
LABEL bootlocal
menu label Boot Local
menu default
localboot 0x80
# if it doesn't work
#kernel chain.c32
#append hd0
# Вход в меню по паролю Qwerty, алгоритм MD5
label av
menu label Antivirus and tools
menu PASSWD $1$15opgKTx$dP/IaLNiCbfECiC2KPkDC0
kernel vesamenu.c32
append pxelinux.cfgav.conf
label sccm
menu label Start to SCCM
COM32 pxechn.c32
APPEND sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx86wdsnbp.com -W
label pxe64
menu label Start to x64 pxelinux
COM32 pxechn.c32
APPEND sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx64pxelinux.com
LABEL Abort
MENU LABEL Exit
KERNEL abortpxe.0
Na nchekwa pxelinux.cfg mepụta faịlụ graphics.conf na ọdịnaya graphics.conf (pịa iji gosi)
MENU MARGIN 10
MENU ROWS 16
MENU TABMSGROW 21
MENU TIMEOUTROW 26
MENU COLOR BORDER 30;44 #00000000 #00000000 none
MENU COLOR SCROLLBAR 30;44 #00000000 #00000000 none
MENU COLOR TITLE 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
MENU COLOR SEL 30;47 #40000000 #20ffffff
MENU BACKGROUND background.png
NOESCAPE 0
ALLOWOPTIONS 0
Na nchekwa pxelinux.cfg mepụta faịlụ av.conf na ọdịnaya av.conf (pịa iji gosi)
DEFAULT vesamenu.c32
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Antivirus and tools
MENU INCLUDE pxelinux.cfg/graphics.conf
label main menu
menu label return to main menu
kernel vesamenu.c32
append pxelinux.cfg/default
label drweb
menu label DrWeb
kernel memdisk
append iso raw initrd=isodrweb.iso
label eset
menu label Eset
kernel memdisk
append iso raw initrd=isoeset_sysrescue.iso
label kav
menu label KAV Rescue CD
KERNEL kav/rescue
APPEND initrd=kav/rescue.igz root=live rootfstype=auto vga=791 init=/init kav_lang=ru udev liveimg doscsi nomodeset quiet splash
#Загружаем ISO по полному пути, можно загружать с другого TFTP
label winpe
menu label WinPE from another TFTP
kernel sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx86memdisk
append iso raw initrd=sccm2012.test.local::smsbootx86isoWinPE_RaSla.iso
label clonezilla
menu label Clonezilla
kernel memdisk
append iso raw initrd=isoclonezilla.iso
N'ihi ya, akwụkwọ ndekọ c:remoteinstallsmsbootx86 nwere nhazi ahụ
Maka ihe owuwu x64, anyị n'otu aka ahụ na-eṅomi wee mepụta otu nhazi ahụ na folda ahụ c:remoteinstallsmsbootx64
Mgbakwunye
Mgbe ị na-eji iwu menu PASSWD Enwere ike ịtọ okwuntughe dị ka ọ dị, ma ọ bụ jiri hashing algọridim site na ịgbakwunye mbinye aka kwekọrọ na mmalite nke oke.
Algorithm
mbinye aka
MD5
$ 1 $
SHA-1
$ 4 $
SHA-2-256
$ 5 $
SHA-2-512
$ 6 $
Yabụ maka paswọọdụ Qwerty na MD5 algọridim
menu PASSWD $1$15opgKTx$dP/IaLNiCbfECiC2KPkDC0
Ị nwere ike ịmepụta okwuntughe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na generator hash online www.insidepro.com/hashes.php?lang=rus, ahịrị MD5(Unix)
2. Tọọ PXELinux buut
Ugbu a, anyị ga-egosi otu esi ebu pxelinux.com wee nweta menu.
Ịkpọpụta pxelinux.com bootloader site na ịrụ ọrụ WDS anaghị arụ ọrụ na SCCM. Lelee Iwu
anaghị edozi ya. Ị nwere ike ịchọpụta na edoghị onyonyo buut site na iji iwu nhazi ihe nkesa WDS mmepụta
wdsutil /get-server /show:images
Ya mere, na SCCM 2012, ịnweghị ike ịkọwa faịlụ gị maka nbudata PXE na onye na-eweta SMSPXE. Ya mere, anyị ga-ahazi mpaghara arụ ọrụ nke ihe nkesa DHCP.
N'ime paramita nke mpaghara DHCP na-arụ ọrụ, debe paramita dịka efere ahụ si dị
Nhọrọ DHCP
Aha oke
uru
066
Aha nnabata ihe nkesa buut
sccm2012.ule.local
067
Aha bootfile
smsbootx86pxelinux.com
006
DNS sava
192.168.57.10
015
Aha ngalaba DNS
nwale.mpaghara
Na nhọrọ 066 anyị ezipụta aha FQDN nke ihe nkesa sccm, na nhọrọ 067 anyị ezipụta ụzọ x86 bootloader pxelinux.com malite na mgbọrọgwụ TFTP, na nhọrọ 006 anyị ezipụta adreesị IP nke sava DNS. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri aha sava dị mkpụmkpụ na nhọrọ 066, na nhọrọ 015 anyị na-akọwapụta suffix DNS nke ngalaba.
Mgbakwunye
Kọwaa nhazi DHCP nke ọma mvgolubevebe a. Ma na DC nhọrọ 150, adreesị IP ihe nkesa TFTP, na-efu site na ntọala DHCP, na ịkọwa nhọrọ 150 site na netsh adịghị arụ ọrụ.
3. Nyochaa ọrụ
Emechara ntọala ntọala ma ị nwere ike ịmalite ịlele. Anyị na-egosi na kọmputa ule dị na BIOS na-ebufe ya na netwọk ma tinye ya na menu
Họrọ otu ihe «Start to SCCM» ma ọ bụrụ na e kenyere usoro ọrụ na kọmpụta, mgbe obere oge gachara, windo "Task Sequence Wizard" ga-apụta na-akpali gị itinye paswọọdụ.
Malitegharịa igwe, laghachi na menu, họrọ na menu «Antivirus and tools» ma tinye paswọọdụ Qwerty
Anyị na-ahọrọ ihe aka ike wee hụ na a na-ebufe ihe oyiyi ISO n'ime ebe nchekwa
Na-eche ma hụ nsonaazụ
Emechara nkwenye
4. Ntọala na atụmatụ ndị ọzọ
Nhazi ụzọ ụzọ
Ọ bụrụ na onye ahịa, ihe nkesa DHCP na ihe nkesa nwere ihe nkwụnye netwọkụ nọ n'otu mpaghara netwọkụ, ọ nweghị nhazi ọzọ achọrọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na onye ahịa na ihe nkesa DHCP ma ọ bụ WDS/SCCM dị na mpaghara netwọk dị iche iche, a na-atụ aro ka ị hazie ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri gị ka ha nyefee ngwugwu mgbasa ozi site na onye ahịa gaa na nkesa DHCP na-arụ ọrụ yana sava WDS/SCCM na-arụ ọrụ. N'akwụkwọ Bekee, a maara usoro a dị ka "mmelite tebụl enyemaka IP". N'okwu a, onye ahịa ahụ, mgbe ọ nwetasịrị adreesị IP, kpọtụrụ ihe nkesa nwere ihe nkwụnye netwọkụ ozugbo site na ngwugwu DHCP iji budata ihe ntanetị.
Maka ndị na-anya Cisco, jiri iwu a
ip helper-address {ip address}
ebe {ip address} Ihe nkesa DHCP ma ọ bụ adreesị sava WDS/SCCM. Iwu a na-ezigakwa ngwugwu mgbasa ozi UDP ndị a
Ọdụ mmiri ahụ
Protocol
69
TFTP
53
Sistemu Aha ngalaba (DNS)
37
Ọrụ oge
137
NetBIOS Server Aha
138
NetBIOS Datagram Server
67
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
49
TACACS
Ụzọ nke abụọ maka onye ahịa iji nweta ozi gbasara ihe nkwụnye netwọk ozugbo site na sava DHCP bụ ezipụta nhọrọ 60,66,67 na sava DHCP. Iji DHCP nhọrọ 60 nwere uru «PXEClient» na mpaghara DHCP niile, naanị ma ọ bụrụ na akwadoro ihe nkesa DHCP n'otu ihe nkesa dị ka Ọrụ Deployment Windows. N'okwu a, onye ahịa na-ekwurịta okwu ozugbo na Windows Deployment Services server na-eji TFTP na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri UDP 4011 kama iji DHCP. Microsoft anaghị akwado usoro a n'ihi okwu gbasara ndozi ibu, njikwa ezighi ezi nke nhọrọ DHCP yana nhọrọ nzaghachi ọrụ ntinye Windows n'akụkụ ndị ahịa. Na kwa n'ihi na iji naanị abụọ DHCP nhọrọ 66 na 67 na-enye gị ohere ịgafe paramita e debere na netwọk buut nkesa.
Ikwesiri imepe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri UDP ndị a na sava Windows Deployment Services
ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 67 (DHCP)
ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 69 (TFTP)
ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 4011 (PXE)
yana ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 68 ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ikike DHCP na sava ahụ.
nbudata ga-esi na diski mpaghara. Na mgbe ị na-akọwapụta uru 0x00 kpọmkwem site na isi (primary) floppy disk, mgbe akọwapụta 0x80 site na isi (isi) diski ike. Site na ịgbanwe iwu ka ọ bụrụ
localboot 0x80
os obodo eburula.
Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ka a buut site na otu diski, nkebi ma ọ bụ iwu localboot anaghị arụ ọrụ, mgbe ahụ ị nwere ike iji ike nke modul chain.c32. Mgbe itinyechara ya, jiri iwu append kọwapụta otu diski ma ọ bụ nkebi diski, ọnụọgụ diski na-amalite na 0, ọnụọgụ nkebi na-amalite na 1. Ọ bụrụ na akọwapụtara nkebi 0, a na-eburu MBR. Mgbe ị na-akọwa diski, enwere ike ịhapụ nkebi ahụ.
Dịka ekwuru na mbido akụkọ a, ndekọ aha ebe faịlụ WDS dị maka nbudata dị na uru nke paramita ahụ. RootFolder na ngalaba ndekọ aha HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetservicesWDSServerProvidersWDSTFTP
Uru efu C:RemoteInstall
Ebe a na paramita ReadFilter A kọwapụtara akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ebe ihe nkesa TFTP na-achọ faịlụ ka ibudata, malite na mgbọrọgwụ. Site na arụnyere SCCM 2012 SP1, ntọala a bụ
boot*
tmp*
SMSBoot*
SMSTemp*
SMSImages*
Ọ bụrụ na ị gbanwee uru oke ka ọ bụrụ * Mgbe ahụ, a ga-ahazi faịlụ niile dị na ndekọ RemoteInstall.
A na-akọwapụta ọrụ ebe mbunye SCCM 2012 na uru ndekọ ProvidersOrderdị na alaka ụlọ ọrụ HKLMSystemCurrentControlSetWDSServerProvidersWDSPXE
Ogologo ProvidersOrder nwere ike were ụkpụrụ
SMSPXE
Ebe ọrụ PXE dị na SCCM
SMS.PXE.Filter
Onye na-ahụ maka edemede PXE sitere na MDT (Ngwaọrụ Microsoft Deployment)
BINLSVC
Standard WDS na RIS engine
Na SCCM arụnyere, oke ProvidersOrder ihe SMSPXE. Site n'ịgbanwe oke, ị nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro a na-ebunye ndị na-eweta ya.
Na katalọgụ RemoteInstall faịlụ ọkọlọtọ ndị a dị
wdsnbp.com
Mmemme buut netwọk nke emebere maka ọrụ ntinye Windows nke na-arụ ọrụ ndị a:
1. Nchọpụta ihe owuwu.
2. Nlekọta nke kọmputa na-echere. Mgbe agbanyere amụma mgbakwunye akpaaka, a na-eziga mmemme buut netwọkụ a na kọmputa na-echere ka kwụsịtụ buut netwọkụ wee gwa sava ihe nhazi kọmpụta nke onye ahịa.
3. Iji netwọk buut njikọ (gụnyere iji DHCP nhọrọ 66 na 67)
PXEboot.com
(Ndabara) chọrọ ka onye ọrụ pịa F12 ka ọ gaa n'ihu buut netwọkụ
PXEboot.n12
Achọghị ka onye ọrụ pịa igodo F12 wee malite ịgbanye netwọk ozugbo
AbortPXE.com
Bọọ kọmpụta ahụ site na iji ihe boot na-esote na BIOS na-echeghị
bootmgr.exe
Windows Boot Manager (Bootmgr.exe ma ọ bụ Bootmgr.efi). Na-eburu Windows bootloader site na iji firmware sitere na akụkụ diski akọwapụtara ma ọ bụ karịa njikọ netwọkụ (n'ihe banyere buut netwọkụ)
Bootmgfw.efi
Ụdị EFI nke PXEboot.com na PXEboot.n12 (na EFI, nhọrọ ị ga-ebu ma ọ bụ ịghara ibuba PXE dị na shei EFI, ọ bụghị mmemme buut netwọk). Bootmgfw.efi jikọtara ike nke PXEboot.com, PXEboot.n12, abortpxe.com na bootmgr.exe. Ọ dị ugbu a naanị maka ụlọ x64 na Itanium.
Ebube.bcd
Ụlọ ahịa Data Configuration Boot (BCD), usoro REGF, nwere ike ịkwanye na REGEDIT, dochie faịlụ ederede Boot.ini.
Nbudata na-eme n'usoro a dịka akọwara n'elu
1. Download wdsnbp.com.
2. Ọzọ, pxeboot.com nke ihe owuwu kwesịrị ekwesị na-ebu
3. PXEboot.com na-ebudata bootmgr.exe na ụlọ ahịa data nhazi nke BCD
4. Bootmgr.exe na-agụ BCD buut nhazi data nhazi usoro ntinye ma na-ebufe faịlụ Boot.sdi na ihe oyiyi Windows PE (boot.wim)
5. Bootmgr.exe na-amalite itinye Windows PE site na ịnweta Winload.exe na ihe oyiyi Windows PE.
Ọ bụrụ na RemoteInstall enwere nchekwa
Boot
Images
Mgmt
Templates
Tmp
WdsClientUnattend
Ọnụnọ ha pụtara na tupu agbakwunye ọrụ nkesa na SCCM 2012 (PXE service point in SCCM 2007), enwere ụfọdụ nhazi ọrụ na Windows Deployment Services (WDS) arụnyere na-emepụta nchekwa ndị a na-akpaghị aka.
Maka ọrụ ebe nkesa (PXE service point in SCCM 2007), naanị folda ndị a zuru ezu.
SMSBoot
SMSIMAGES
SMSTemp
Stores
Nke a apụtaghị na etinyere SCCM na ezighi ezi, mana ọ nwere ike rụtụ aka na ebe enwere ike isi nweta njehie.
A na-atụle ngwọta nke nsogbu dị iche iche nke ngwugwu WDS, SCCM na PXE n'ụzọ zuru ezu na isiokwu ahụ. Ịchọpụta nsogbu PXE Service Point na WDS na nhazi nhazi 2007
Nsonaazụ
Akụrụngwa IT nke Onye njikwa nhazi Center Center na-ahụ maka agbakwunyela ngwa ọrụ ọhụrụ maka ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ mpaghara.