Ụlọ ọrụ US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) kwupụtara ndị meriri n'asọmpi maka cryptographic algọridim nke na-eguzogide nhọrọ na kọmputa quantum. A haziri asọmpi a afọ isii gara aga na ebumnuche ịhọrọ algọridim post-quantum cryptography dabara maka nhọpụta dịka ụkpụrụ. N'oge asọmpi ahụ, ndị ọkachamara nọọrọ onwe ha mụọ algọridim ndị otu nyocha mba ụwa tụpụtara maka adịghị ike na adịghị ike.
Onye meriri n'etiti algọridim zuru ụwa ọnụ nke enwere ike iji chebe nnyefe ozi na netwọk kọmputa bụ CRYSTALS-Kyber, onye ike ya bụ obere igodo na nnukwu ọsọ. A na-atụ aro CRYSTALS-Kyber maka ịnyefe na ụdị ọkọlọtọ. Na mgbakwunye na CRYSTALS-Kyber, achọpụtala algọridim ebumnuche izugbe anọ ọzọ - BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC na SIKE, nke chọrọ mmepe n'ihu. Ndị na-ede algọridim ndị a nwere ruo October 1 ohere imelite nkọwa ma wepụ adịghị ike na mmejuputa iwu, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a pụkwara itinye ha na ndị ikpeazụ.
N'ime algọridim nke ebumnuche iji mbinye aka dijitalụ na-arụ ọrụ, a na-egosipụta CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON na SPHINCS +. Algọridim nke CRYSTALS-Dilithium na FALCON na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. A na-atụ aro CRYSTALS-Dilithium dị ka algọridim izizi maka mbinye aka dijitalụ, FALCON na-elekwasị anya na ngwọta nke chọrọ nha mbinye aka kacha nta. SPHINCS+ dị n'azụ algọridim abụọ mbụ n'ihe gbasara nha mbinye aka na ọsọ, mana etinyere ya n'etiti ndị ikpeazụ dịka nhọrọ ndabere, ebe ọ dabere na ụkpụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ dị iche iche.
Karịsịa, CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium na FALCON algọridim na-eji ụzọ cryptography na-adabere na-edozi nsogbu lattice tiori, oge ngwọta ya adịghị iche na kọmpụta na-emekarị na quantum. SPHINCS+ algọridim na-eji ụzọ nzuzo dabere na ọrụ hash.
Algọridim nke ụwa niile fọdụrụ maka imeziwanye daberekwa n'ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ - BIKE na HQC na-eji akụkụ nke ụkpụrụ koodu algebra na koodu ahịrị, ejirikwa na atụmatụ mmezi njehie. NIST na-ezube imeziwanye otu n'ime algọridim ndị a iji nye ihe ọzọ na CRYSTALS-Kyber algọridim ahọpụtara, nke dabere na tiori lattice. Algọridim SIKE dabere na iji supersingular isogeny (na-agba gburugburu na eserese isogeny supersingular) ma a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka onye na-akwado maka nhazi ọkwa, ebe ọ nwere obere igodo kacha nta. Omuma McEliece algọridim so na ndị ikpeazụ, mana agaghị ahazi ya n'ihi nnukwu igodo ọha.
Mkpa ịzụlite na ịhazi ọhụrụ crypto-algorithms bụ n'ihi na kọmputa quantum, nke na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepe emepe n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, dozie nsogbu nke decomposing a eke nọmba n'ime isi ihe (RSA, DSA) na discrete logarithm nke elliptic curve point ( ECDSA), nke na-adabere algọridim nzuzo asymmetric nke ọgbara ọhụrụ. igodo ọha na enweghị ike idozi ya nke ọma na ndị nhazi oge gboo. N'oge mmepe nke ugbu a, ike nke kọmpụta quantum ezughi oke iji gbawa algorithms nzuzo nzuzo oge ochie na ntinye aka dijitalụ dabere na igodo ọha, dị ka ECDSA, mana a na-eche na ọnọdụ ahụ nwere ike gbanwee n'ime afọ 10 ma ọ dị mkpa. iji kwadebe ihe ndabere maka ịnyefe usoro crypto na ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ.
isi: opennet.ru