IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), nke na-ahụ maka mmepe nke ụkpụrụ ịntanetị na ụkpụrụ ụlọ, emechaala nhazi RFC maka protocol HTTP/3.0 na nkọwa ndị metụtara ya n'okpuru njirimara RFC 9114 (protocol) na RFC 9204 ( Teknụzụ mkpakọ nkụnye eji isi mee QPACK maka HTTP/3). Nkọwa HTTP / 3.0 enwetala ọkwa nke "Proposed Standard", mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọrụ ga-amalite inye RFC ọkwa nke ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ (Draft Standard), nke pụtara n'ezie nkwụsi ike nke usoro ahụ ma na-eburu n'uche ihe niile. Ihe ndị ahụ kwuru. N'otu oge ahụ, e bipụtara nsụgharị emelitere nke nkọwapụta maka HTTP/1.1 (RFC 9112) na HTTP/2.0 (RFC 9113), yana akwụkwọ na-akọwa usoro nke arịrịọ HTTP (RFC 9110) na HTTP caching headers. (RFC 9111).
Usoro HTTP/3 na-akọwa ojiji nke QUIC (Njikọ Ịntanetị Ngwa ngwa UDP) dị ka njem maka HTTP/2. QUIC bụ ndọtị nke UDP protocol na-akwado multiplexing nke ọtụtụ njikọ ma na-enye ụzọ nzuzo dakọrọ TLS/SSL. Emepụtara ụkpụrụ ahụ na 2013 site na Google dị ka ihe ọzọ na njikọta TCP + TLS maka Weebụ, na-edozi nsogbu na nhazi njikọ ogologo na oge mkparita uka na TCP na iwepu igbu oge mgbe ngwugwu efu n'oge mbufe data.
Ugbu a, etinyelarị nkwado QUIC na HTTP / 3.0 na ihe nchọgharị weebụ niile ama ama (na Chrome, Firefox na Edge, nkwado HTTP/3 na-enyere ya aka na ndabara, na Safari ọ chọrọ ntọala “Advanced> Njirimara nnwale> HTTP/3” ka enyere). N'akụkụ ihe nkesa, mmejuputa HTTP / 3 dị maka nginx (na ngalaba dị iche iche na n'ụdị modul dị iche), Caddy, IIS na LiteSpeed . A na-enyekwa nkwado HTTP/3 site na netwọk nnyefe ọdịnaya Cloudflare.
Isi atụmatụ nke QUIC:
- Nchekwa dị elu dị ka TLS (nke bụ QUIC na-enye ike iji TLS karịa UDP);
- Njikwa iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, na-egbochi mfu ngwugwu;
- Ikike iji guzobe njikọ ozugbo (0-RTT, n'ihe dị ka 75% nke ikpe nwere ike ibunye data ozugbo mgbe ezipụchara ngwugwu njikọ njikọ) ma nye obere oge n'etiti izipu arịrịọ na ịnata nzaghachi (RTT, Oge njem okirikiri);
- Iji nọmba usoro dị iche iche mgbe ị na-ebugharị ngwugwu, nke na-ezere enweghị mgbagwoju anya n'ịchọpụta ngwugwu natara ma wepụ oge;
- Ọnwụ nke ngwugwu na-emetụta naanị nnyefe nke iyi nke metụtara ya ma ghara ịkwụsị nnyefe data na iyi iyi ndị a na-ebufe site na njikọ dị ugbu a;
- Atụmatụ mgbazi mperi na-ebelata igbu oge n'ihi mbufe nke ngwugwu furu efu. Iji koodu mgbazi njehie pụrụ iche na ọkwa ngwugwu iji belata ọnọdụ chọrọ mbugharị data ngwugwu furu efu.
- A na-ejikọta oke ngọngọ cryptographic na oke ngwugwu QUIC, nke na-ebelata mmetụta nke mfu ngwugwu na ngbanwe ọdịnaya nke ngwugwu na-esote;
- Enweghị nsogbu na mgbochi TCP kwụ n'ahịrị;
- Nkwado maka njirimara njikọ, nke na-ebelata oge ọ na-ewe iji guzobe njikọ maka ndị ahịa mkpanaka;
- Enwere ike ijikọ usoro njikwa mkpọchi njikọ dị elu;
- Na-eji usoro amụma ntinye ntinye n'otu n'otu iji hụ na ezipụ ngwugwu n'ọnụ ahịa kacha mma, na-egbochi ha ịbanye n'ụkọ na ịkpata mfu ngwugwu;
- Mmụba dị ịrịba ama na arụmọrụ na ntinye aka tụnyere TCP. Maka ọrụ vidiyo dị ka YouTube, QUIC egosila na ọ na-ebelata ọrụ nkwughachi mgbe ị na-ekiri vidiyo site na 30%.
N'ime mgbanwe dị na nkọwa HTTP / 1.1, mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ mmachibido iwu na iji ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ nke nlọghachi azụ (CR) n'èzí ahụ nwere ọdịnaya, i.e. N'ime ihe ndị metụtara protocol, enwere ike iji agwa CR naanị yana njikọ ndepụta ahịrị (CRLF). Emeziwanyela okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu nke arịrịọ chunked iji mee ka nkewa nke ubi na ngalaba nwere nkụnye eji isi mee ka ọ dị mfe. Atụmatụ agbakwunyere maka ijikwa ọdịnaya enweghị mgbagwoju anya iji gbochie mwakpo "HTTP Arịrịọ Smuggling", nke na-enye anyị ohere itinye onwe anyị n'ime ọdịnaya nke arịrịọ ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ na ntinye n'etiti frontend na azụ azụ.
Mmelite nkọwa HTTP/2.0 na-akọwa n'ụzọ doro anya nkwado maka TLS 1.3. Ebibichara atụmatụ ibu ụzọ na mpaghara nkụnye eji ejikọta ya. Usoro ejighi eji emelite njikọ HTTP/1.1 ekwupụtala na ọ gaghịzi adị. Mbelata ihe achọrọ maka ịlele aha na ụkpụrụ mpaghara. Ụfọdụ ụdị fireemu na parampat echekwabara na mbụ ka akwadoro maka ojiji. Akọwapụtara mpaghara nkụnye eji isi mee amachibidoro na njikọ ahụ nke ọma.
isi: opennet.ru