Mgbe afọ abụọ nke mmepe gasịrị hapụ (), dị maka iri na-akwado ọchịchị : Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64 / x86-64, ARM EABI (ogwe aka), 64-bit ARM (arm64), ARMv7 (armhf), MIPS (mips, mipsel, mips64el), PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) na IBM Sistemu z (s390x). A ga-ewepụta mmelite maka Debian 10 n'ime oge nke afọ 5.
Ebe nchekwa ahụ nwere ngwugwu ọnụọgụ abụọ 57703, nke dị ihe dị ka puku isii karịa ihe e nyere na Debian 6. Tụnyere Debian 9, agbakwunyere ngwugwu ọnụọgụ abụọ 9 ọhụrụ, 13370 (7278%) ewepụla ma ọ bụ nke agbahapụla, 13 (35532) %) emelitela ngwugwu. Maka 62% nke ngwugwu nkwado maka nrụpụta ihe a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro, nke na-enye gị ohere ikwenye na a na-ewu faịlụ a na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem site na koodu isi mmalite ma ọ nweghị mgbanwe dị iche iche, nke nwere ike ime ngbanwe nke, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ịwakpo akụrụngwa mgbakọ ma ọ bụ ibe edokọbara na nchịkọta .
Iji Ihe onyonyo DVD enwere ike ibudata ya , ma ọ bụ ... Ọzọkwa Onyonyo nwụnye na-abụghị nke na-akwadoghị nke gụnyere firmware nwe ya. Ezubere maka amd64 na i386 architectures , dị na GNOME, KDE na Xfce flavors, yana DVD multi-arch na-ejikọta ngwugwu maka ikpo okwu amd64 na ngwugwu ndị ọzọ maka i386 architecture. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka onyonyo ebudatara na netwọkụ (netboot) maka kaadị SD na onyonyo dabara na Flash USB 16 GB;
na Debian 10.0:
- nkwado maka UEFI Secure Boot, nke na-eji Shim bootloader, nke ejiri mbinye aka dijitalụ sitere na Microsoft (shim-binyere aka), yana asambodo nke grub kernel na bootloader (grub-efi-amd64-binyere aka na ya) site n'aka nke ọrụ ahụ. akwụkwọ (shim na-arụ ọrụ dị ka oyi akwa maka nkesa iji igodo nke ya). Ihe ngwungwu bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ shim na grub-efi-ARCH agụnyere dị ka ihe ndabere maka amd64, i386 na arm64. Agụnyere bootloader na grub, nke asambodo na-arụ ọrụ kwadoro, na foto EFI maka amd64, i386 na arm64. Ka anyị cheta na nkwado Boot Secure na mbụ tụrụ anya na Debian 9, ma ọ kwadoghị ya tupu ahapụ ya ma yigharịrị ya ruo mgbe ntọhapụ na-esote nke nkesa;
- Akwanyere na ndabara bụ nkwado maka sistemụ njikwa ohere nke AppArmor, nke na-enye gị ohere ijikwa ike nke usoro site na ịkọwapụta ndepụta faịlụ nwere ikike kwesịrị ekwesị (gụọ, dee, maapụ ebe nchekwa na ịgba ọsọ, ịtọ mkpọchi faịlụ, wdg) maka nke ọ bụla. ngwa, yana njikwa ohere netwọkụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, machibido iji ICMP) ma jikwaa ike POSIX. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti AppArmor na SELinux bụ na SELinux na-arụ ọrụ na akara ndị metụtara ihe, ebe AppArmor na-ekpebi ikike dabere na ụzọ faịlụ, nke na-eme ka usoro nhazi dị mfe. Isi ngwugwu nwere AppArmor na-enye profaịlụ nchekwa maka naanị ụfọdụ ngwa, yana maka ndị ọzọ, ị ga-eji ngwugwu apparmor-profiles-extra package ma ọ bụ profaịlụ sitere na ngwugwu ngwa akọwapụtara;
- iptables, ip6tables, arptables na ebtables nọchiri anya nftables ngwugwu filter, nke bụ ihe ndabara ugbu a ma bụrụ ihe ama ama maka ijikọ ọnụ ọnụ nzacha ngwugwu maka IPv4, IPv6, ARP na àkwà mmiri netwọkụ. Nftables na-enye naanị ọnụọgụ, protocol na-adabere na ya na ọkwa kernel nke na-enye ọrụ ndị bụ isi maka iwepụta data na ngwugwu, ịrụ ọrụ data, yana njikwa ọsọ. A na-achịkọta mgbagha nzacha n'onwe ya na ndị na-ahụ maka protocol kpọmkwem n'ime bytecode na oghere onye ọrụ, mgbe nke a gasịrị, a na-etinye bytecode a n'ime kernel site na iji interface Netlink wee gbuo ya na igwe mebere pụrụ iche nke na-echetara BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters);
Na ndabara, iptables-nft ngwugwu arụnyere, nke na-enye a set nke utilities iji hụ na ndakọrịta na iptables, na-enwe otu iwu ahịrị syntax, ma ịsụgharị n'ihi na iwu nf_tables bytecode, gburu na mebere igwe. Ngwungwu iptables-legacy dị na nhọrọ maka nrụnye, mmejuputa iwu ochie dabere na x_tables. A na-etinye iptables executables ugbu a na / usr / sbin kama / sbin (a na-emepụta akara ngosi maka ndakọrịta);
- Maka APT, a na-emejuputa ọnọdụ ikewapụ igbe ájá, na-enyere ya aka site na nhọrọ APT :: Sandbox :: Seccomp yana inye nzacha oku sistemụ site na iji seccomp-BPF. Iji dozie ndepụta ọcha na ojii nke oku sistemụ, ị nwere ike iji ndepụta APT :: Sandbox :: Seccomp :: ọnyà na APT :: Sandbox :: Seccomp :: Kwe ka;
- Linux kernel emelitere na ụdị 4.19;
- Agbanyela desktọpụ GNOME gaa na Wayland site na ndabara, a na-enye nnọkọ dabere na sava X dị ka nhọrọ (a ka gụnyere ihe nkesa X dị ka akụkụ nke ngwugwu ntọala). Nchịkọta eserese emelitere na gburugburu onye ọrụ: , , Cinnamon 3.8, LXDE 0.99.2, , , na Xfce 4.12. Office suite LibreOffice emelitere ka ewepụtara ya , na Calligra tupu ahapụ ya . Evolution 3.30 emelitere, GIMP 2.10.8, Inkscape 0.92.4, Vim 8.1;
- Nkesa ahụ gụnyere mkpokọta maka asụsụ Rust (ewepụtara Rustc 1.34). GCC 8.3 emelitere, LLVM/Clang 7.0.1, OpenJDK 11, Perl 5.28, PHP 7.3, Python 3.7.2;
- Emelitela ngwa nkesa, gụnyere Apache httpd 2.4.38, BIND 9.11, Dovecot 2.3.4, Exim 4.92, Postfix 3.3.2, MariaDB 10.3, nginx 1.14, PostgreSQL 11, Samba 4.9 (nkwado SMBv3);
- Na cryptsetup mgbanwe gaa na ụdị nzuzo nzuzo LUKS2 diski (ejibu LUKS1 ejiribu). A na-amata LUKS2 site na usoro njikwa igodo dị mfe, ikike iji nnukwu ngalaba (4096 kama 512, na-ebelata ibu n'oge decryption), ihe nchọpụta nkebi ihe atụ (label) na ngwaọrụ ndabere metadata nwere ikike iweghachi ha ozugbo site na oyiri ma ọ bụrụ a na-achọpụta mmebi. Usoro nkwalite ahụ ga-agbanwe ngalaba LUKS1 dị ugbu a na-akpaghị aka ka ọ bụrụ usoro dakọtara LUKS2, mana n'ihi oke nha nkụnye eji isi mee, ọ bụghị atụmatụ ọhụrụ niile ga-adị ha;
- Onye nrụnye agbakwunyela ikike iji ọtụtụ consoles n'otu oge n'oge usoro nrụnye. E wepụrụ nkwado ReiserFS. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka mkpakọ ZSTD (libzstd) maka Btrfs. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ngwaọrụ NVMe;
- Na debootstrap, a na-eme nhọrọ "-merged-usr" site na ndabara, nke faịlụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ niile na-arụ ọrụ site na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na-ebuga na / usr partition (nke / bin, / sbin na / lib * akwụkwọ ndekọ aha haziri dị ka akwụkwọ ndekọ aha). njikọ ihe atụ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha kwekọrọ n'ime /usr) . Mgbanwe a na-emetụta naanị nrụnye ọhụrụ; a na-edobe nhazi ndekọ ochie n'oge usoro mmelite;
- Na ngwungwu nkwalite na-adịghị ahụ anya, na mgbakwunye na ịwụnye mmelite na-akpaghị aka metụtara iwepụ adịghị ike, ịkwalite na mwepụta etiti (Debian 10.1, 10.2, wdg) na-enyere ya aka ugbu a site na ndabara;
- Emelitela akụrụngwa mbipụta akwụkwọ ka na iko-nzacha 1.21.6 na nkwado zuru oke maka AirPrint, DNS-SD (Bonjour) na IPP N'ebe nile maka ibipụta na-ebughị ụzọ wụnye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala;
- Nkwado agbakwunyere maka bọọdụ dabere na Allwinner A64 processors, dị ka FriendlyARM NanoPi A64, Olimex A64-OLinuXino, TERES-A64, PINE64 PINE A64/A64/A64-LTS, SOPINE, Pinebook, SINOVOIP Banana Pi BPI-M64 na Xulong Orange Win. (gbakwunyere);
- Ọnụọgụ nke med-* metapackages ndị otu Debian Med kwadoro, na-enye gị ohere ịwụnye. metụtara bayoloji na ọgwụ;
- A na-enye nkwado maka sistemụ ndị ọbịa Xen na ọnọdụ PVH;
- OpenSSL anaghị akwado TLS 1.0 na 1.1 protocol; TLS 1.2 ka ekwuputara dị ka ụdị akwadoro kacha nta;
- Ewepụla ọtụtụ ngwungwu emechiela na anaghị echekwa ya, gụnyere Qt 4 (naanị Qt 5 fọdụrụ), phpmyadmin, ipsec-tools, racoon, ssmtp, ecryptfs-utils, mcelog, mkpughe. Debian 11 ga-akwụsị nkwado maka Python 2;
- Emebere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka 64-bit RISC-V architecture, nke na-akwadoghị na Debian 10. Ugbu a, maka RISC-V banyere 90% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwugwu;
- A malitere iji ihe nrụnye modular arụpụtara onwe ya na gburugburu Live na Qt dabeere interface, nke a na-ejikwa hazie ntinye nke Manjaro, Sabayon, Chakra, NetRunner, KaOS, OpenMandriva na KDE neon nkesa. Nrụnye mgbe niile na-aga n'ihu na-eji debian-installer.
Na mgbakwunye na ndị dị na mbụ, a na-emepụta gburugburu Live na desktọọpụ LXQt na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị ihe ngosi eserese, naanị ya na ngwa njikwa nke mejupụtara usoro ntọala. Enwere ike iji gburugburu Live console rụnye nkesa ngwa ngwa, ebe ọ bụ na, n'adịghị ka onyonyo nrụnye ọdịnala, a na-eṅomi ibe akwụkwọ ndekọ aha emebere, na-emegheghị ngwugwu onye ọ bụla site na iji dpkg.
isi: opennet.ru