Hapụ Debian 13

Mgbe afọ abụọ nke mmepe gasịrị, a tọhapụrụ ya. Debian 13 "Trixie" dị maka nhazi asatọ nke gọọmentị kwadoro: Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el), na IBM System z (s390x). Mmelite maka Debian A ga-ewepụta 13 n'ime afọ ise.

Enwere ike ibudata onyonyo nwụnye site na HTTP, jigdo, ma ọ bụ BitTorrent. USB dị ndụ dị maka nhazi amd64, dị na GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Cinnamon, na MATE, yana DVD nwere ọtụtụ ihe owuwu nke na-ejikọta ngwugwu maka ikpo okwu amd64 na ngwugwu ndị ọzọ maka nhazi i386. Tupu ịkwaga site na Debian 12 Ị kwesịrị ịgụ akwụkwọ a.

Ebe nchekwa ahụ nwere ngwugwu abụọ 69830, nke karịrị 5411 karịa ihe atụpụtara na ya Debian 12. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere Debian E tinyere ngwugwu abụọ ọhụrụ 14116, e wepụrụ ngwugwu ochie 8844 (12%) ma ọ bụ nke a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ, e mekwara ka ngwugwu 44326 (63%) dị ọhụrụ. Nha koodu isi mmalite niile enyere na nkesa ahụ bụ ahịrị koodu 1,463,291,186. Nha ngwugwu niile bụ 403 GB.

Maka 96.9% nke ngwugwu, a na-enye nkwado maka mgbakọ ndị a na-emegharị emegharị, nke na-enye anyị ohere ikwenye na e wuru faịlụ a na-arụ ọrụ site na ederede isi mmalite ma ọ nweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla na-enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla, ngbanwe nke, dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ime ya site na ịwakpo akụrụngwa mgbakọ ma ọ bụ azụ azụ na nchịkọta.

Mgbanwe ndị dị mkpa na Debian 13.0:

• Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkesa gọọmentị agbakwunyere maka sistemụ dabere na nhazi 64-bit RISC-V.
• Agbakwunyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "loong64" maka sistemụ dabere na ntuziaka LoongArch setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ eji na Loongson 3 5000 processors yana mejuputa RISC ISA yiri MIPS na RISC-V. A naghị akwado ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ n'ihu ọha.
• E wepụla ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "mipsel" na "mips64el" maka sistemụ MIPS. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "mipsel" bụ otu n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha ochie akwadoro. Debian, nke ka ochie karịa naanị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka ndị nhazi i386. Ihe kpatara iwepụ ya bụ nsogbu teknụzụ, dịka oke ebe nchekwa onye ọrụ 2GB na nsogbu nrụpụta.
• Akwụsịla imepụta ntọala ntọala gọọmentị na ngwugwu kernel maka sistemụ x86 32-bit, mana nchekwa ngwugwu na ebe nchekwa ọtụtụ arch nke gọọmentị kwadoro, ikike itinye gburugburu 32-bit n'ime akpa ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, na ngwaọrụ maka iwuli ngwa 32-bit ka dị. Debian ugbu a, a na-enye oke nkwado maka ịgba ọsọ ngwa 32-bit na gburugburu x86_64-bit 64 (ihe owuwu ahụ na-eji ntuziaka SSE2, nke adịghị na ọtụtụ ihe nhazi 32-bit akwadoro na Debian 12).
• Nsogbu afọ 2038 ka edozila kpamkpam. Ebulila ngwugwu niile ka iji ụdị 64-bit time_t na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nkesa maka ihe owuwu 32-bit, nke gara n'ihu na-eji ụdị 32-bit time_t (enweghị ike iji ya mee oge karịa Jenụwarị 19, 2038, n'ihi counter maka sekọnd gafere kemgbe Jenụwarị 1, 1970 na-ejubiga ókè).
• Onye nrụnye agbanweela mgbagha nke njikwa nkebi EFI, wee gbakwunye ọnọdụ mgbake maka sistemu arụnyere na bọtịnụ Btrfs. Nwepu firmware nke achọghị maka nrụnye, enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ na-enweghị ngwugwu na-enweghị n'efu, ma ọ bụ enweghị isi na ntọala kernel dị ugbu a. Nkwado kwụsịrị maka grub-legacy na win32-loader. Nkwado maliteghachiri maka iji mkpụrụedemede na-abụghị ASCII n'aha njirimara zuru ezu. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka bọọdụ na ngwaọrụ ndị a: Pine64 Pinebook, MNT Reform 2, AM64x HummingBoard-T, Pine64 Star64, Wandboard rev D1, yana laptọọpụ na mbadamba ihe dabere na ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite.
• agbakwunyere ọnọdụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ "HTTP Boot" na installer na Live na-ewuli elu, nke a na-ebufe ihe oyiyi buut site na iji HTTP protocol ( URL nke ihe oyiyi ISO na-abanye na UEFI ma ọ bụ U-Boot firmware interface).
• A na-eji sistemụ faịlụ tmpfs chekwaa ndekọ ahụ na faịlụ nwa oge / tmp, na-eji diski RAM dị na RAM, nke enwere ike ibuga na nkebi swap mgbe enweghị ebe nchekwa efu zuru oke. Iji tmpfs na-enye gị ohere ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ide ọrụ na draịva anụ ahụ, belata ike nke draịva siri ike, gbasaa ndụ nke draịva SSD, yana ịbawanye arụmọrụ nke iji faịlụ nwa oge na-arụ ọrụ. Iji weghachite /tmp nchekwa na FS oge niile, ị nwere ike iji iwu "systemctl mask tmp.mount".
• E wepụrụ iwu ikpeazụ, lastb na lastlog. Ejikọtara ha na / var / log / wtmp, / var / log / btmp, / var / run / utmp, na / var / log / lastlog faịlụ, nke na-eji ụdị 32-bit time_t, nke enweghị ike dochie ya na ụdị 64-bit na-enweghị ịgbanwe Glibc ABI na imebi ndakọrịta na ngwa. Kama akụrụngwa ndị a, a na-atụ aro ka iji wtmpdb, lastlog2, na lslogins utilities.
• A na-eji ngwugwu systemd-cryptsetup chọpụta ma bulie FS ezoro ezo.
• Na sistemu nwere AMD64 na ARM64 architecture, Intel CET (Control-flow Enforcement Technology), ARM PAC (Pointer Authentication) na BTI (Aka Target Identification) na-eji ndọtị na-echebe megide nrigbu site na iji usoro mmemme na-alaghachi azụ (ROP). Mgbe ị na-eji usoro ROP, onye na-awakpo ahụ anaghị anwa itinye koodu ya na ebe nchekwa, mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mpempe akwụkwọ ntuziaka na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị a na-ebu ibu, na-ejedebe na ntụziaka nloghachi nchịkwa (na-emekarị, ndị a bụ njedebe nke ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ). Ọrụ nrigbu na-agbadata iwulite usoro oku na ngọngọ ndị dị otú ahụ ("ngwa") iji nweta ọrụ achọrọ. Ihe kachasị mkpa nke nchebe bụ na mgbe ịnyefe njikwa na ọrụ, a na-echekwa adreesị nloghachi site na nhazi ọ bụghị naanị na nchịkọta mgbe niile, kamakwa na nchịkọta onyinyo dị iche, nke enweghị ike ịgbanwe ozugbo.
• Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ngwa run0, nke sistemu na-enye maka usoro ịgba ọsọ n'okpuru NJ onye ọrụ ndị ọzọ. A na-emejuputa akụrụngwa ahụ dị ka mgbakwunye na iwu sistemu na-agba ọsọ ma wepụta ya ka ọ bụrụ nnọchi dị mma maka mmemme sudo.
• A na-eji ngalaba APT 3.0 nke njikwa ngwugwu, nke na-arụ ọrụ interface onye ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ njin mkpebi ịdabere na Solver3, na-agbakwunye nkwado foto, kwụsị iji ngwa apt-key, na-agbakwunye azụ azụ crypto maka ọbá akwụkwọ OpenSSL, ma mejuputa iwu 'dist-clean'.
• agbakwunyere iwu debian-repro-status iji lelee ọnọdụ nrụpụta a na-emegharị maka ngwugwu arụnyere na sistemụ dị ugbu a.
• Ebugala nkesa site na iji akụkụ dị iche / usr gaa n'echiche nke edobere akwụkwọ ndekọ / bin, / sbin na / lib * dị ka njikọ ihe atụ na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha kwekọrọ n'ime / usr.
• Isi Linux Emelitere na ụdị 6.12. Ọ na-eji mwepụta ọhụrụ nke systemd 257, bash 5.2.37, Glibc 2.41, OpenSSL 3.5.
• Ntọhapụ ahụ gụnyere GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0 na gburugburu desktọọpụ Xfce 4.20. Emelitela nchịkọta eserese eserese.
• Emelitela ngwa onye ọrụ, dị ka LibreOffice 25.2, GIMP 3.0.2, Inkscape 1.4, Vim 9.1.
• Ngwa ihe nkesa emelitere, dị ka BIND 9.20, Postfix 3.10, Exim 4.98, PostgreSQL 17, MariaDB 11.8, nginx 1.26, OpenJDK 21, OpenSSH 10.0, Samba 4.22, QEMU 10.0, 26.1.5, Docker, Docker.
• Emelitela ngwaọrụ mmepe, dị ka GCC 14.2, LLVM/Clang 19, Perl 5.40, PHP 8.4, Python 3.13, Rust 1.85, Go 1.24.
  
  isi: opennet.ru