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Mwepụta nkesa Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Ụlọ ọrụ Red Hat bipụtara ntọhapụ nkesa Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. A kwadoro mgbakọ nwụnye maka x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le na Aarch64 architectures, mana dị n'ihi na nbudata naanị maka ndị ọrụ Portal ahịa ahịa okpu uhie edebanyere aha. A na-ekesa isi mmalite nke ngwugwu Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 rpm Git ebe nchekwa CentOS. A ga-akwado nkesa ahụ ruo opekata mpe 2029.

Teknụzụ ndị a gụnyere na Fedora 28. Alaka ọhụrụ a ma ama maka ịtụgharị na Wayland na ndabara, dochie iptables na nftables, na-emelite ihe ndị bụ isi (kernel 4.18, GCC 8), na-eji njikwa ngwugwu DNF kama YUM, na-eji ebe nchekwa modular, na-akwụsị nkwado maka KDE na Btrfs.

Igodo gbanwee:

  • Ịgbanwe na onye njikwa ngwugwu DNF na inye nke oyi akwa maka ndakọrịta na Yum na ọkwa nke nhọrọ ahịrị iwu. E jiri ya tụnyere Yum, DNF nwere nnukwu ọsọ dị elu yana oriri ebe nchekwa dị ala, na-ejikwa ihe ndabere nke ọma ma na-akwado nchịkọta nchịkọta n'ime modul;
  • Kewara n'ime ebe nchekwa BaseOS bụ isi yana ebe nchekwa AppStream modular. BaseOS na-ekesa ngwungwu opekempe achọrọ ka sistemụ rụọ ọrụ; ihe ọ bụla ọzọ emegharia ya gaa na ebe nchekwa AppStream. Enwere ike iji AppStream na ụdị abụọ: dị ka ebe nchekwa RPM kpochapụrụ yana dịka ebe nchekwa n'ụdị modular.

    Ebe nchekwa modular na-enye ngwugwu ngwugwu rpm chịkọtara n'ime modul, nke a na-akwado n'agbanyeghị mwepụta nkesa. Enwere ike iji modul iji wụnye ụdịdị ọzọ nke otu ngwa (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ị nwere ike ịwụnye PostgreSQL 9.6 ma ọ bụ PostgreSQL 10). Òtù modular ahụ na-enye onye ọrụ ohere ịgbanwe gaa na mwepụta ọhụrụ dị ịrịba ama nke ngwa ahụ na-echeghị maka mwepụta ọhụrụ nke nkesa ma nọgide na-adị ochie, ma ka na-akwado, nsụgharị mgbe emelitere nkesa. Modul gụnyere ngwa ntọala na ọba akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa maka ọrụ ya (enwere ike iji modul ndị ọzọ dị ka ndabere);

  • Atụnyere dị ka desktọọpụ ndabara GNOME 3.28 iji sava ngosi dabere na Wayland na ndabara. Ebe ndabere X.Org Server dị ka nhọrọ. Ewepụla ngwugwu nwere desktọpụ KDE, na-ahapụ naanị nkwado GNOME;
  • Ngwungwu kernel Linux dabere na ntọhapụ 4.18. Agbanyere dị ka mkpokọta ndabara GCC 8.2. Ọbá akwụkwọ sistemụ Glibc emelitere ka ewepụtara ya 2.28.
  • Ihe ndabara nke asụsụ mmemme Python bụ Python 3.6. Enyere nkwado nwere oke maka Python 2.7. Agụnyeghị Python na ngwugwu bụ isi; a ga-etinyerịrị ya. Ụdị emelitere nke Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 na 11, Clang/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10. A na-agụnye usoro ihe nrụpụta CMake (3.11);
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ịwụnye sistemụ na draịva NVDIMM gaa na installer Anaconda;
  • Agbakwunyela ikike izochi diski site na iji usoro LUKS2 na installer na sistemu, nke dochie usoro LUKS1 ejiribu (na dm-crypt na cryptsetup LUKS2 na-enye ugbu a site na ndabara). LUKS2 bụ ihe ama ama maka usoro njikwa igodo ya dị mfe, ikike iji ngalaba buru ibu (4096 kama 512, na-ebelata ibu n'oge decryption), ihe nchọpụta nkebi ihe atụ (label) na ngwaọrụ ndabere metadata nwere ikike iweghachi ha ozugbo site na oyiri. a na-achọpụta mmebi.
  • Agbakwunyere akụrụngwa Onye na-ede egwú ọhụrụ, na-enye ngwá ọrụ maka ịmepụta ihe oyiyi sistemu bootable ahaziri nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka itinye ya na gburugburu ebe dị iche iche igwe ojii;
  • E wepụrụ nkwado maka sistemụ faịlụ Btrfs. Ejikwaghị modul btrfs.ko kernel, btrfs-progs utilities, na ngwugwu snapper;
  • Ngwa gụnyere Stratis, nke na-enye ngwaọrụ iji jikọta na ime ka nhazi na njikwa nke ọdọ mmiri nke otu draịva mpaghara ma ọ bụ karịa. A na-emejuputa Stratis dị ka oyi akwa (stratisd daemon) nke e wuru n'elu ngwaọrụ mapper na XFS subsystem, ma na-enye gị ohere iji atụmatụ dị ka oke nchekwa nchekwa ike, snapshots, mmesi obi ike na ịmepụta oghere caching, na-enweghị ntozu nke ọkachamara na. nchịkwa usoro nchekwa;
  • E mejuputa atumatu n'obosara sistemu maka ịtọlite ​​​​subsystems cryptographic, na-ekpuchi ụkpụrụ TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec na Kerberos. Iji iwu update-crypto-policies ị nwere ike họrọ ugbu a otu n'ime
    ụdịdị maka ịhọrọ algọridim cryptographic: ndabara, ihe nketa, ọdịnihu na fips. Agbanyere ntọhapụ site na ndabara Mepee OpenSSL 1.1.1 na nkwado TLS 1.3;

  • Enyere nkwado n'obosara sistemụ maka kaadị smart na HSM (Module Nchekwa ngwaike) yana akara PKCS#11 cryptographic;
  • Ejiri nftables ngwugwu dochie iptables, ip6tables, arptables na ebtables packet filter, nke a na-eji ugbu a na ndabara ma bụrụkwa ihe ama ama maka ijikọ ọnụ ọnụ nke nzacha nzacha maka IPv4, IPv6, ARP na àkwà mmiri netwọkụ. Nftables na-enye naanị ọnụọgụ, protocol na-adabere na ya na ọkwa kernel nke na-enye ọrụ ndị bụ isi maka iwepụta data na ngwugwu, ịrụ ọrụ data, yana njikwa ọsọ. A na-achịkọta ihe nzacha nzacha n'onwe ya na ndị na-ahụ maka usoro protocol n'ime bytecode na oghere onye ọrụ, mgbe nke a gasịrị, a na-etinye bytecode a n'ime kernel site na iji interface Netlink wee gbuo ya na igwe mebere pụrụ iche nke na-echetara BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Agbanwela daemon firewalld ka ọ jiri nftables dị ka ndabere ndabere ya. Iji tọghata iwu ochie, agbakwunyere iptables-translate na ip6tables-translate utilities;
  • Iji hụ na nzikọrịta ozi netwọk n'etiti ọtụtụ akpa, agbakwunyela nkwado ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala maka iwulite netwọkụ mebere IPVLAN;
  • Ngwungwu bụ isi gụnyere nginx http nkesa (1.14). Emelitela Apache httpd ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 2.4.35, yana OpenSSH ruo 7.8p1.

    Site na DBMS, MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6/10 na Redis 4.0 dị na ebe nchekwa. Agụnyeghị MongoDB DBMS n'ihi ntughari maka ikikere SSPL ọhụrụ, nke a na-amatabeghị ka oghe;

  • Ebulitela akụrụngwa maka ime ihe n'ezie. Site na ndabara, mgbe ị na-emepụta igwe mebere, a na-eji ụdị ahụ Q35 (ICH9 chipset emulation) na nkwado PCI Express. Ị nwere ike iji interface weebụ Cockpit mepụta na jikwaa igwe mebere. Ebibiela ihe nleba anya nke njikwa-virt. Emelitere QEMU na ụdị 2.12. QEMU na-emejuputa ọnọdụ ikewapụ igbe igbe, nke na-egbochi oku sistemụ nke akụrụngwa QEMU nwere ike iji;
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka usoro nchụso dabere eBPF, gụnyere iji ngwa SystemTap (4.0). Ihe mejupụtara gụnyere akụrụngwa maka ịchịkọta na itinye mmemme BPF;
  • Nkwado nnwale agbakwunyere maka subsystem XDP (eXpress Data Path), nke na-enye ohere ịme mmemme BPF na Linux na ọkwa ọkwọ ụgbọ ala netwọkụ na ikike iji nweta ihe nchekwa ngwugwu DMA ozugbo yana na ọkwa tupu ekenye ihe nchekwa skbuff site na nchịkọta netwọkụ;
  • Agbakwunyela akụrụngwa ọganihu iji jikwaa ntọala bootloader. Ọganihu na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ịmepụta ndenye akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọhụrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ebuba site na foto LVM. Ọganihu na-ejedebe na ịgbakwunye ndenye buut ọhụrụ na enweghị ike iji megharịa ndị dị adị;
  • Ngwa ngwa ejikọtara ọnụ dị fechaa maka ijikwa arịa ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, nke a na-eji arụ arịa Buildah, maka mmalite - podman na ịchọ onyonyo emebere- Scopeo;
  • A gbasaala ikike ndị metụtara ụyọkọ. Emelitela onye njikwa akụrụngwa Pacemaker ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 2.0. Na akụrụngwa PC A na-enye nkwado zuru oke maka Corosync 3, knet na node name;
  • Ekwuputala scripts kpochapụrụ maka ịtọlite ​​​​netwọk (ederede netwọk) adịkwaghị adị ma ọ naghịkwa enye ya na ndabara. Iji hụ na ndakọrịta azụ azụ, kama script ifup na ifdown, agbakwunyere njikọ na NetworkManager, na-arụ ọrụ site na nmcli utility;
  • Ewepụrụ ngwugwu: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, ọmịiko, mkpịsị aka, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (dochiri site na chrony), qemu (nke qemu-kvm dochie anya), qt (dochiri site na ya). qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (gụnyere ugbu a na ngwugwu ruby ​​​​isi), sistemu-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.
  • Kwadoro onyonyo ntọala zuru ụwa ọnụ (UBI, Onyonyo Base Universal) maka ịmepụta arịa ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, gụnyere inye gị ohere ịmepụta arịa maka otu ngwa. UBI na-agụnye obere gburugburu ebe a na-ewepụ, ihe mgbakwunye oge iji kwado asụsụ mmemme (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl) na nchịkọta nchịkọta ndị ọzọ na ebe nchekwa.

    • isi: opennet.ru

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