Mwepụta nke ngwa nkesa Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

mere ntọhapụ nkesa Ubuntu 20.04 "Focal Fossa", nke a na-ekewa dị ka ntọhapụ nkwado ogologo oge (LTS), nke emelitere mmelite n'ime afọ 5 ruo Eprel 2025. Ekere nwụnye na ihe oyiyi buut maka Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu
Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu na UbuntuKylin (mbipụta China).

Main gbanwee:

• Emelitere Desktop tupu ahapụ ya GNOME 3.36, nke webatara ọnọdụ "adịghị echegbula" iji zoo ọkwa ọhụrụ nwa oge, gbakwunyere ngwa dị iche iche maka ijikwa ihe mgbakwunye na GNOME Shell, mee ka nhazi nke nbanye na ihuenyo mmeghe, gbanwee ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka usoro, ma gbakwunye ọrụ. maka ịmalite ngwa site na iji GPU pụrụ iche na sistemu nwere eserese ngwakọ, ikike ịmegharị akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na ngwa ka etinyere ya na ọnọdụ nyocha, agbakwunyere nhọrọ iji mee ka sistemụ njikwa nne na nna na ọkachamara ntọlite ​​​​mbụ, wdg.
  

• Emezigharịrị isiokwu Yaru nke ndabara, nke, na mgbakwunye na nke gbara ọchịchịrị dị na mbụ (isi gbara ọchịchịrị, okirikiri gbara ọchịchịrị na njikwa ọchịchịrị) na ụdị ọkụ (isi gbara ọchịchịrị, ndabere ìhè na njikwa ọkụ), ụdị nke atọ ga-apụta ìhè. Atụpụtala imewe ọhụrụ maka menu usoro yana menu ngwa. Akara ngosi ndekọ aha ọhụrụ agbakwunyere nke kachasị maka ngosipụta n'okirikiri ọkụ na ọchịchịrị.
  

  Emejuputala interface ọhụrụ maka ịgbanwe nhọrọ isiokwu.

  

• Arụmọrụ nke GNOME Shell na onye njikwa windo emeziwanye. Ewelatala ibu CPU yana ibelata igbu oge n'oge a na-eme ihe ngosi mgbe ị na-emegharị windo, na-ebugharị òké, na mmeghe ụdị nlele.
• Nkwado agbakwunyere maka omimi agba 10-bit.
• Maka X11, emejuputala nkwado maka mbelata akụkụ, nke dị na mbụ naanị mgbe ị na-eji Wayland. Njirimara a na-enye gị ohere ịhọrọ nha kacha mma nke ihe na ihuenyo nwere oke pixel density (HiDPI), dịka ọmụmaatụ, ị nwere ike ịbawanye ihe ngosi ihe ngosi gosipụtara ọ bụghị ugboro 2, mana site na 1.5.
• Agbakwunyere ihu nchacha ọhụrụ na-egosi na buut.
• E wepụrụ akara ngosi maka ịgagharị ngwa ngwa site na ụlọ ahịa dị n'ịntanetị Amazon.
• Linux kernel emelitere ka ewepụtara ya 5.4. Dị ka ọ dị na ntọhapụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, a na-eji LZ4 algọridim na-ejikọta kernel na ihe oyiyi mbụ nke initramfs, nke na-ebelata oge buut n'ihi nkwụsị data ngwa ngwa. Mgbanwe ndị ama ama ma e jiri ya tụnyere 4.15 kernel eji na Ubuntu 18.04 LTS gụnyere nkwado maka AMD Rome CPU, Radeon RX Vega M na Navi GPU, Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 SoC, Intel Cannon Lake nyiwe, Raspberry Pi 2B, 3B, 3A +, 3B+ mbadamba, CM3, CM3 + na 4B, mmụba dị ịrịba ama na njikwa ike, nkwalite USB 3.2 na nkwado Ụdị-C, API ọhụrụ mounting, io_uring interface, pidfd na AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) nkwado na KVM.
• Ngwa sistemu emelitere na ngwa mmepe: Glibc 2.31, BlueZ 5.53, OpenJDK 11, rustc 1.41, GCC 9.3, Python 3.8.2, ruby ​​​​2.7.0, Ruby on Rails 5.2.3, php 7.4, perl 5.30, gaa 1.13.
• Onye ọrụ na ngwa eserese emelitere:
  Mesa 20.0, Qt 5.12.8, PulseAudio 14.0-pre, Firefox 75.0, Thunderbird 68.7.0, LibreOffice 6.4.2, GIMP 2.10.18, VLC 3.0.9.

• Ngwa emelitere maka sava na ime ihe n'ezie:
  QEMU 4.2, libvirt 6.0, Bind 9.16, HAProxy 2.0, OpenSSH 8.2 (na nkwado maka FIDO/U2F akara njirimara abụọ na ikike itinye ntọala na /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/*.conf). Apache httpd agbanyere nkwado TLSv1.3.

• Nkwado agbakwunyere maka WireGuard VPN.
• Emelitela daemon mmekọrịta ogologo oge ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 3.5 ma kewapụrụ ya na sistemụ site na ijikọ nzacha oku sistemụ.
• Mmepe nke ikike nnwale iji wụnye na nkebi mgbọrọgwụ na ZFS gara n'ihu. Mmelite ZFSonLinux ka ewepụtara ya 0.8.3 site na nkwado maka izo ya ezo, mwepụ ọkụ nke ngwaọrụ, iwu "zpool trim", osooso iwu "scrub" na "resilver". Iji jikwaa ZFS, a na-emepụta zsys daemon, nke na-enye gị ohere iji usoro ZFS na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na otu kọmputa, na-emepụta ihe nkesa foto ma na-achịkwa nkesa nke data usoro na data na-agbanwe n'oge oge onye ọrụ. Ihe onyonyo dị iche iche nwere ike ịnwe steeti sistemụ dị iche iche wee gbanwee n'etiti ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na enwere nsogbu mgbe ị wụnye mmelite, ị nwere ike ịlaghachi na steeti kwụsiri ike ochie site na ịhọrọ foto nke gara aga. Enwere ike iji foto ọnyà iji kwado data onye ọrụ n'ụzọ doro anya na ozugbo.
• Tụnyere ntọhapụ LTS gara aga, Ụlọ Ahịa Snap edochila sọftụwia Ubuntu dị ka ihe ndabara maka ịchọta na ịwụnye ngwugwu oge niile na nke ọnyà.
• Akwụsịla nchịkọta nke ngwugwu maka i386 architecture. Iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nke mmemme ihe nketa nke na-adị naanị n'ụdị 32-bit ma ọ bụ chọrọ ụlọ akwụkwọ 32-bit, a na-enye mgbakọ na nnyefe. iche iche set Ngwunye ọba akwụkwọ 32-bit.
• Na sistemu netplan.io, eji na-echekwa netwọk interface ntọala, agbakwunyere nkwado maka configuring mebere netwọk ngwaọrụ SR-IOV, GSM modems (site na NetworkManager backend), WiFi parameters (bssid/band/channel). Ọ dịkwa ike ịtọ nhọrọ ipv6-adreesị-ọgbọ maka NetworkManager yana emit-lldp maka netwọk.
• E tinyela Python 3.8 na nkesa ntọala, na ngwugwu Python 2.7 ebugharịla na ebe nchekwa eluigwe na ala ma ebubataghị ya na ndabara. Agbanwela ngwugwu Python 2.7 fọdụrụ na nkesa ka ọ jiri /usr/bin/python2 ntụgharị okwu. Ejikwaghị faịlụ / usr/bin/python arụnyere na ndabara (a chọrọ ngwugwu Python-is-python3 iji mepụta /usr/bin/python na Python 3).
• Site na ndabara, maka ụlọ ọrụ niile akwadoro, a na-enye ihe onyonyo iso nke Ubuntu Server ya na onye nrụnye Subiquity na-arụ ntinye na ọnọdụ Live. Subiquity na-akwado ọrụ dị ka nkebi diski, nhọrọ nhazi asụsụ na ahụigodo, imepụta onye ọrụ, nhazi njikọ netwọkụ, RAID, LVM, nhazi VLAN na nchịkọta interface netwọk. N'ime atụmatụ ọhụrụ ahụ, e nwere ọnọdụ nrụnye akpaghị aka na-eji profaịlụ JSON na ikike ịwụnye bootloader na ọtụtụ diski n'otu oge (ka i wee nwee ike ịpụ na onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụrụ na bootloader mebiri emebi). Na mgbakwunye, emezigharịla iji mee ka ojiji nke ezoro ezo dị mfe, ntinye na diski multipath, na ịbawanye ntụkwasị obi nke iji diski na sistemụ ndị ọzọ etinyegoro.
• В Kubuntu A na-enye desktọọpụ KDE Plasma 5.18, Ngwa KDE 19.12.3 na usoro Qt 5.12.5. Igwe egwu ndabara bụ Elisa 19.12.3, nke dochie Cantata. 0.9.10 emelitere latte-dock, KDEConnect 1.4.0, Krita 4.2.9, Kdevelop 5.5.0. Akwụsịla nkwado maka ngwa KDE4 na Qt4. Ewepụla KDE PIM na nkesa ntọala ma a ga-etinyerịrị ya na ebe nchekwa. A na-atụpụta nnọkọ nnwale dabere na Wayland (mgbe wụnyechara ngwugwu plasma-workspace-wayland, ihe “Plasma (Wayland)” nhọrọ na-egosi na ihuenyo nbanye).
  

• Ubuntu MATE 20.04: desktọọpụ MATE emelitere ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 1.24. agbakwunyere ihe nrụnye firmware site na iji fwupd. Ewepụla Compiz na Compton na nkesa. Enyere ngosi nke mkpisiaka mpio n'ime panel, ihe ngbanwe ọrụ (Alt-Tab) na switcher desktọpụ. Atụpụtala applet ọhụrụ maka igosipụta ọkwa. A na-eji evolushọn dị ka onye ahịa email kama Thunderbird. Mgbe ị na-etinye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala NVIDIA nwere onwe, nke enwere ike ịhọrọ na onye nrụnye, a na-enye applet maka ịgbanwee n'etiti GPU dị iche iche na sistemụ nwere eserese ngwakọ (NVIDIA Optimus).
  
• Ubuntu Budgie: Site na ndabara, agbanyere applet nwere menu ngwa Ụdị yana applet nke ya maka ijikwa ntọala netwọkụ.
  Ihe mgbakwunye agbakwunyere maka ịgbanwee nhazi desktọpụ ngwa ngwa (Budgie, Classic Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Budgie, Cupertino, The One
  na Redmond).
  Isi ngwugwu gụnyere GNOME Firmware na GNOME Drawing ngwa.
  Mmekọrịta dị mma na GNOME 3.36. Emelitela desktọọpụ Budgie ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 10.5.1. Ntọala agbakwunyere maka mgbochi mgbochi yana akara mkpụrụedemede. Site na ndabara, applet tray sistemụ nwere nkwarụ (n'ihi nsogbu arụ ọrụ). A na-ahazi Applets maka ihuenyo HiDPI.
  

• Ubuntu Studio: Njikwa Ubuntu Studio na-ekewa ntọala maka Jack Master, ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ na akwa maka PulseAudio. Emelitere RaySession 0.8.3, Audacity 2.3.3, Hydrogen 1.0.0-beta2, Carla 2.1-RC2,
  Blender 2.82, KDEnlive 19.12.3, Krita 4.2.9, GIMP 2.10.18,
  Ardor 5.12.0, Scribus 1.5.5, Darktable 2.6.3, Pitivi 0.999, Inkscape 0.92.4, OBS Studio 25.0.3, MyPaint 2.0.0, Rawtherapee 5.8.

• В Xubuntu Achọpụtara ọdịdị nke isiokwu gbara ọchịchịrị. Nhazi nke ngwa ngwa arụnyere na ngwungwu deb, snap na flatpak ejikọtala ọnụ. E wepụrụ ngwugwu apt-offline, nke chọrọ Python 2 ka ọ rụọ ọrụ, yana ngwugwu pidgin-libnotify, na ngwungwu ntọala. Emelitela ụdị ngwa Xfce 4.14.
  

• Ihe ngosi 20.04 ghọrọ ntọhapụ LTS mbụ iji nye gburugburu eserese ndabara LXQt (ụgbọ mmiri na-ahapụ 0.14.1) kama LXDE. A na-eji Discover Software Center 5.18.4 jikwaa nrụnye ngwa.
  

• Haziri mgbakọ Ubuntu nwere desktọpụ Deepin. Ọrụ a ka bụ mbipụta Ubuntu na-akwadoghị, mana ndị mmepe nkesa na-akparịta ụka na Canonical ịgụnye UbuntuDDE na nkesa Ubuntu gọọmentị.

isi: opennet.ru