Mwepụta kernel Linux 6.7

Mgbe ọnwa abụọ nke mmepe gasịrị, Linus Torvalds wepụtara kernel ahụ. Linux 6.7. N'ime mgbanwe ndị kacha pụta ìhè: njikọta nke sistemụ faịlụ Bcachefs, njedebe nke nkwado maka usoro Itanium, ikike ịrụ ọrụ na Nouvea firmware na GSP-R, nkwado maka nzuzo TLS na NVMe-TCP, ikike iji ihe ndị a na-apụghị ime na BPF, nkwado maka futex na io_uring, ime ka arụmọrụ nhazi fq (Fair Queuing) dịkwuo mma, nkwado maka ndọtị TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option) na ikike igbochi njikọ netwọk na usoro nchekwa Landlock, njikwa ohere na aha onye ọrụ na io_uring site na AppArmor agbakwunyela.

Ụdị ọhụrụ ahụ gụnyere ndozi 18405 sitere na ndị mmepe 2066, nha patch bụ 72 MB (mgbanwe ndị ahụ metụtara faịlụ 13467, agbakwunyere ahịrị koodu 906147, ehichapụ 341048 ahịrị). Ntọhapụ ikpeazụ nwere ndozi 15291 sitere na ndị mmepe 2058, nha patch ahụ bụ 39 MB. Ihe dị ka 45% nke mgbanwe niile ewepụtara na 6.7 metụtara ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ngwaọrụ, ihe dịka 14% nke mgbanwe metụtara imelite koodu akọwapụtara maka nhazi ngwaike, 13% metụtara nchịkọta netwọkụ, 5% metụtara sistemụ faịlụ, yana 3% metụtara sistemu kernel nke ime.

Ihe ohuru ohuru na kernel 6.7:

• Sistemụ Disk, I/O na Sistemụ Faịlụ
  • The kernel nakweere koodu usoro faịlụ Bcachefs, nke na-anwa imezu arụmọrụ, ntụkwasị obi na scalability nke XFS, jikọtara ya na ihe ndị dị elu nke arụ ọrụ dị na Btrfs na ZFS. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Bcachefs na-akwado atụmatụ dị ka gụnyere ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ na nkebi, nhazi draịva multi-layer (okpukpu ala nke nwere data a na-ejikarị eme ihe dabere na SSD ngwa ngwa, yana oyi akwa nke nwere data na-adịghị eji ya sitere na draịva siri ike), mmegharị (RAID). 1/10), caching, transperent data mkpakọ (LZ4, gzip na ZSTD ụdịdị), mpekere steeti (snapshots), nkwenye iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe site na iji checksums, ikike ịchekwa koodu mgbazi njehie Reed-Solomon (RAID 5/6), na-echekwa ozi na Ụdị ezoro ezo (ChaCha20 na Poly1305 na-eji). N'ihe gbasara arụmọrụ, Bcachefs dị n'ihu Btrfs na usoro faịlụ ndị ọzọ dabere na usoro Copy-on-Dee, ma gosipụta ọsọ ọsọ na-arụ ọrụ nso Ext4 na XFS.
  • Sistemụ faịlụ Btrfs na-ewebata ọnọdụ oke dị mfe nke na-enye gị ohere ịrụ ọrụ dị elu site na nsuso oke naanị na ngalaba nke emebere ha, nke na-eme ka ngụkọ dị mfe ma na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ, mana anaghị ekwe ka ị buru n'uche oke kesara n'ọtụtụ. nkebi.
  • Btrfs agbakwunyela usoro data "osisi strape" ọhụrụ, dabara adaba maka ịse oke oke n'ọnọdụ ebe eserese anụ ahụ adabaghị n'ofe ngwaọrụ. A na-eji ihe owuwu a ugbu a na mmejuputa RAID0 na RAID1 maka ngwaọrụ ngọngọ zoned. N'ọdịnihu, ha na-eme atụmatụ iji usoro a na RAID dị elu, nke ga-edozi ọtụtụ nsogbu dị na mmejuputa a na-eme ugbu a.
  • Sistemụ faịlụ Ceph na-arụ ọrụ nkwado maka maapụ onye ọrụ NJ nke sistemu faịlụ etinyere, ejiri iji dakọtara faịlụ nke otu onye ọrụ na nkebi mba ofesi etinyegoro ya na onye ọrụ ọzọ na sistemụ ugbu a.
  • Agbakwunyere ike ezipụta uid na gid na ugwu na efivarfs iji kwe ka usoro na-abụghị mgbọrọgwụ gbanwee mgbanwe UEFI.
  • Oku ioctl agbakwunyere na exFAT maka ịgụ na ịgbanwe àgwà FS. agbakwunyere njikwa akwụkwọ ndekọ aha efu.
  • F2FS na-arụ ọrụ ike iji ngọngọ 16K.
  • Agbanwela sistemu akpaaka akpaaka ka ọ jiri API mgbago nkebi ọhụrụ.
  • OverlayFS na-enye nhọrọ ugwu "lowerdir+" na "datadir+". Nkwado agbakwunyere maka nbanye akwụkwụ nke OverlayFS nwere xattrs.
  • XFS emeela ka ibu CPU dị na koodu ntinye oge n'ezie. Enyere ikike iji rụọ ọrụ ọgụgụ na FICLONE n'otu oge.
  • Agbanwela koodu EXT2 ka ọ jiri folios ibe.
• Ebe nchekwa na ọrụ sistemụ
  • A kwụsịla nkwado maka usoro ia64 ejiri mee ihe na nhazi Itanium nke Intel, nke kwụsịrị na 2021. Intel webatara usoro nhazi Itanium na 2001, mana usoro nhazi ia64 enweghị ike ịsọ mpi na AMD64, nke bụ isi n'ihi arụmọrụ dị elu nke AMD64 na mgbanwe dị nro site na nhazi 32-bit x86. N'ihi ya, uche Intel gbanwere gaa na nhazi x86-64, wee hapụ Itanium ka ọ bụrụ isi ihe a na-elekwasị anya. ndị sava HP Integrity, nke kwụsịrị ịnabata iwu afọ atọ gara aga. E wepụrụ koodu nkwado ia64 na kernel, nke bụ isi n'ihi enweghị nkwado nke ikpo okwu ahụ ruo ogologo oge. Linus Torvalds egosipụtala njikere iweghachite nkwado ia64, mana naanị ma ọ bụrụ na onye na-elekọta ya nwere ike igosi nkwado dị elu maka ikpo okwu ahụ n'èzí kernel isi ruo opekata mpe otu afọ.
  • Agbakwunyere paramita ahịrị ahịrị kernel "ia32_emulation", nke na-enye gị ohere ịme ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ nkwado maka ụdị 32-bit n'ụdị kernels wuru maka ụlọ x86-64 na ọkwa buut. N'akụkụ bara uru, nhọrọ ọhụrụ ahụ na-enye gị ohere iji wuo kernel na nkwado maka ndakọrịta na ngwa 32-bit, mana gbanyụọ ọnọdụ a na ndabara iji belata vector ọgụ na kernel, ebe ọ bụ na API ndakọrịta adịghị anwale karịa kernel isi. interfaces.
  • Mgbanwe ndị na-aga n'ihu na-esi na alaka Rust-for- apụtaLinux, metụtara iji Rust dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ maka ịmepụta draịva na modulu kernel (anaghị akwado nkwado Rust na ndabara ma anaghị agụnye Rust dị ka ndabere iwu maka iwulite kernel). Ụdị ọhụrụ ahụ na-agbanwe gaa na Rust 1.73 ma na-ewebata otu njikọ maka ịrụ ọrụ na usoro ọrụ.
  • Ọ ga-ekwe omume iji usoro binfmt_misc ịgbakwunye nkwado maka ụdị faịlụ ọhụrụ enwere ike ime (dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji mee ngwa Java ma ọ bụ Python chịkọtara) n'ime oghere aha na-enweghị ohere.
  • Cpuset njikwa cgroup, nke na-enye gị ohere ijikwa ojiji nke cores CPU mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ, na-enye nkewa n'ime nkebi mpaghara na nke dịpụrụ adịpụ, nke dị iche ma nne na nna cgroup bụ ngalaba mgbọrọgwụ ziri ezi ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. agbakwunyere ntọala ọhụrụ “cpuset.cpus.exclusive” na “cpuset.cpus.excluisve.effective” na cpuset maka njikọ CPU pụrụ iche.
  • Usoro nke BPF na-arụ ọrụ nkwado maka ndị ewepu, nke a na-ahazi dị ka ọpụpụ mberede site na mmemme BPF nwere ike ịtọpụ okpokolo agba n'enweghị nsogbu. Na mgbakwunye, mmemme BPF na-enye ohere iji ihe nrịbama kptr na njikọ CPU.
  • agbakwunyere nkwado maka arụmọrụ na futex na io_uring subsystem, ma arụ ọrụ ọhụrụ arụ ọrụ: IORING_OP_WAITID (ụdị nke ichere na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ), SOCKET_URING_OP_GETSOCKOPT (nhọrọ getsockoptand), SOCKET_URING_OP_SETSOCKOPT (nhọrọ setsockopt) na IADING_OPTIple anaghị akwụsị ọrụ na READING_OPTI enwere data ma ọ bụ enweghị nchekwa zuru oke).
  • Agbakwunyere mmejuputa nke ahịrị FIFO nwere njikọ dị fechaa nke chọrọ mkpọchi naanị maka ịpụ n'usoro n'usoro ma were mkpọchi maka mgbakwunye atomic na kwụ n'ahịrị n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla.
  • Agbakwunyere mgbanaka mgbanaka "objpool" nwere mmejuputa atumatu nke kwụ n'ahịrị dị elu maka ikenye na iweghachi ihe.
  • Agbakwunyere akụkụ mbụ nke mgbanwe ndị ahụ iji mejuputa futex2 API ọhụrụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na usoro NUMA, na-akwado nha ndị ọzọ karịa 32 bits, ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe kama oku usoro futex () multiplexed.
  • Maka ụlọ ọrụ ARM32 na S390x, agbakwunyela nkwado maka nhazi nke ugbu a (cpuv4) nke ntuziaka BPF.
  • Maka ụlọ ọrụ RISC-V, ọ ga-ekwe omume iji ọnọdụ nlele Shadow-Call Stack dị na Clang 17, emebere iji chebe megide idegharị adreesị nloghachi site na ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ihe nchekwa na-ejupụta na tojupụtara. Isi ihe nchebe bụ ịchekwa adreesị nloghachi na nchịkọta "onyinyo" dị iche iche mgbe ejiri njikwa na ọrụ wee weghachite adreesị a tupu ịpụ na ọrụ ahụ.
  • Agbakwunyere ọnọdụ nyocha ihu ọhụụ smart smart na usoro maka ijikọ ibe ebe nchekwa (KSM: Kernel Samepage Merging), nke na-enyocha ibe ndị enyochaghị nke ọma ma na-ebelata ike nyochaghachi ha. Iji mee ka ọnọdụ ọhụrụ ahụ nwee ike, agbakwunyela ntọala /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/smart_scan.
  • Agbakwunyere iwu ioctl ọhụrụ PAGEMAP_SCAN, nke, mgbe ejiri ya na userfaultfd(), na-enye gị ohere ịchọpụta eziokwu nke ide na ebe nchekwa akọwapụtara. Enwere ike iji njirimara ọhụrụ ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro iji chekwaa ma weghachi ọnọdụ nke usoro CRIU ma ọ bụ na egwuregwu mgbochi aghụghọ.
  • Na usoro mgbakọ, ọ bụrụ na Clang compiler dị, a na-akwado mgbakọ nke ihe atụ nke iji perf subsystem, nke edere dị ka mmemme BPF, na ndabara.
  • Ochie videobuf oyi akwa, nke eji jikwaa framebuffers na media subsystem ma dochie ọhụrụ mmejuputa iwu nke videobuf10 ihe karịrị 2 afọ gara aga, ewepụwo.
• Virtualization na Nchekwa
  • Ikike nke izochi data n'ime blocks pere mpe karịa oke ngọngọ na sistemụ faịlụ agbakwunyere na sistemụ fscrypt. Enwere ike ịchọrọ nke a iji mee ka usoro nzuzo nzuzo ngwaike na-akwado naanị obere ngọngọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-ahụ maka UFS na-akwado naanị nha ngọngọ 4096 nwere ike iji sistemụ faịlụ nwere nha ngọngọ 16K).
  • Sistemụ “iommufd”, nke na-enye gị ohere ijikwa tebụl ibe ebe nchekwa IOMMU (I/O Memory-Management Unit) site na nkọwa faịlụ sitere na oghere onye ọrụ, agbakwunyela nsuso data nke na-ewepụtabeghị na cache (unyi) maka DMA. arụ ọrụ, nke dị mkpa iji chọpụta ebe nchekwa na data na-adịghị agwụ agwụ n'oge mmegharị usoro.
  • Nkwado maka ịkọwapụta iwu nchịkwa ohere maka oghere TCP agbakwunyere na usoro Landlock, nke na-enye gị ohere ịkwụsị mmekọrịta nke otu usoro na gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ị nwere ike ịmepụta iwu na-enye naanị ohere ịnweta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri 443 iji guzobe njikọ HTTPS.
  • Ngwa ngwa AppArmor agbakwunyela ikike ijikwa ịnweta usoro io_uring wee mepụta oghere aha njirimara, nke na-enye gị ohere ịhọrọ ohere ịnweta ikike ndị a naanị na usoro ụfọdụ.
  • API Asambodo agbakwunyere igwe mebere iji gosi na usoro nbudata ha ziri ezi.
  • Sistemu LoongArch na-akwado ike ime ihe site na iji KVM hypervisor.
  • Mgbe ị na-eji hypervisor KVM na sistemụ RISC-V, nkwado maka ndọtị Smstateen apụtala, nke na-egbochi igwe mebere ịnweta ndekọ CPU nke hypervisor na-akwadoghị nke ọma. Agbakwunyekwara nkwado maka iji ndọtị Zicond na sistemu ndị ọbịa, nke na-enye ohere iji ụfọdụ ọrụ integer nwere ọnọdụ.
  • Na sistemụ ndị ọbịa dabere na x86 na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru KVM, a na-anabata CPUs mebere 4096.
• Sistemụ netwọkụ
  • Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala NVMe-TCP (NVMe n'elu TCP), nke na-enye gị ohere ịnweta draịva NVMe n'elu netwọkụ (NVM Express over Fabrics) site na iji usoro TCP, agbakwunyela nkwado maka izochi ọwa nnyefe data site na iji TLS (iji KTLS na usoro ndabere). na oghere onye ọrụ tlshd maka mkparita uka njikọ).
  • Emebere arụmọrụ nke ngwugwu fq (Fair Queuing), nke mere ka o kwe omume ịbawanye mmepụta site na 5% n'okpuru ibu dị arọ na ule tcp_rr (TCP Request/Response) yana site na 13% na ngwugwu UDP na-akparaghị ókè.
  • TCP na-agbakwụnye ikike nke microsecond-precision timestamp (TCP TS) ike (RFC 7323), nke na-enye ohere maka nleba anya nhụsianya ziri ezi na modul njikwa mkpọchi dị elu karị. Iji mee ya, ị nwere ike iji iwu "ip ụzọ tinye 10/8 ... atụmatụ tcp_usec_ts".
  • Ngwunye TCP agbakwunyela nkwado maka ndọtị TCP-AO (Nhọrọ njirimara TCP, RFC 5925), nke na-eme ka o kwe omume iji koodu MAC nyochaa isi TCP (koodu ozi ozi), na-eji algọridim ọgbara ọhụrụ HMAC-SHA1 na CMAC-AES- 128 kama dị na mbụ nhọrọ TCP-MD5 dabere na algọridim MD5 nke ketara.
  • Agbakwunyela ụdị ngwaọrụ netwọkụ mebere ọhụrụ “netkit”, mgbagha mbufe data nke etinyere na ya site na iji mmemme BPF.
  • KSMBD, mmejuputa ọkwa kernel nke ihe nkesa SMB, agbakwunyela nkwado maka idozi aha faịlụ nwere ụzọ abụọ nke mkpụrụedemede ngwakọta.
  • NFS emelitela mmejuputa eri na ọrụ RPC. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ndị nnọchi anya ide (maka NFSv4.1+). NFSD agbakwunyela nkwado maka onye njikwa rpc_status netlink. Nkwado emelitere maka ndị ahịa NFSv4.x mgbe ha na-ebupụ ọzọ na knfsd.
• Ngwa
  • Nkwado mbụ maka GSP-RM firmware agbakwunyere na modulu kernel Nouveau, nke a na-eji na NVIDIA RTX 20+ GPU ịkwaga mmalite na njikwa GPU n'akụkụ GSP microcontroller dị iche (GPU System Processor). Nkwado GSP-RM na-enye ohere onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Nouveau ka ọ rụọ ọrụ site na oku firmware, kama ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta ngwaike ozugbo, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịgbakwunye nkwado maka NVIDIA GPU ọhụrụ site na iji oku ewuruburu maka mbido na njikwa ike.
  • Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala AMDGPU na-akwado GC 11.5, NBIO 7.11, SMU 14, SMU 13.0 OD, DCN 3.5, VPE 6.1 na DML2. Nkwado emelitere maka nbudata enweghị nkebi (enweghị ọnyà mgbe ị na-agbanwe ọnọdụ vidiyo).
  • Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala i915 na-agbakwunye nkwado maka ibe Intel Meteor Lake ma gbakwunye mmejuputa mmalite nke Intel LunarLake (Xe 2).
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ọwa mgbasa ozi asymmetric agbakwunyere na nkọwapụta USB4 v2 (120/40G).
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ARM SoC: Qualcomm Snapdragon 720G (eji na Xiaomi smartphones), AMD Pensando Elba, Renesas, R8A779F4 (R-Car S4-8), USRobotics USR8200 (eji na routers na NAS).
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka Fairphone 5 smartphone na bọọdụ ARM Orange Pi 5, QuartzPro64, Turing RK1, Variscite MX6, BigTreeTech CB1, Freescale LX2162, Google Spherion, Google Hayato, Genio 1200 EVK, RK3566 Powkiddy RGB30.
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka bọọdụ RISC-V Milk-V Pioneer na Milk-V Duo.
  • Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ụda ụda nke laptọọpụ HUAWEI nke enyere na AMD CPUs. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ndị ọzọ na-ekwu okwu arụnyere na Dell Oasis 13/14/16 laptọọpụ. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ndị na-ekwu okwu arụnyere ASUS K6500ZC. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ihe ngosi ogbi na laptọọpụ HP 255 G8 na G10. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala acp6.3. Nkwado agbakwunyere maka Focusrite Clarett+ 2Pre na 4Pre interface ndekọ ndekọ ọkachamara.

N'otu oge ahụ, Latin American Free Software Foundation mepụtara ụdị nke kernel 6.7 - nke bụ n'efu kpamkpam. Linux-libre 6.7-gnu, ehichapụrụ firmware na ihe ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala nwere ihe ndị na-abụghị n'efu ma ọ bụ ngalaba koodu nwere oke oke site n'aka onye nrụpụta. Mwepụta 6.7 gụnyere koodu nhicha blob emelitere na ọtụtụ draịva na sistemụ dị iche iche, dịka amdgpu, nouveau, adreno, mwifiex, mt7988, ath11k, avs, na btqca. Ewepụla koodu nhicha maka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala localtalk na rtl8192u n'ihi mwepụ ha na kernel. E wepụla ihe nhicha na-adịghị mkpa maka ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala xhci-pci, rtl8xxxu, na rtw8822b, nke etinyere na mbụ site na mmejọ. E hichapụrụ aha Blob na faịlụ dts maka usoro Aarch64. E wepụla Blobs na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala mt7925, tps6598x, aw87390, na aw88399 ọhụrụ.

isi: opennet.ru