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Linux kernel gbara afọ 33

Na August 25, 1991, mgbe ọnwa ise nke mmepe gasịrị, nwa akwụkwọ 21 dị afọ 1.08 Linus Torvalds kwupụtara na teleconference comp.os.minix na arụ ọrụ nke sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux ọhụrụ emechara, na-ebugharị bash 1.40 na gcc 17 nwere. emechaala. Ewebata kernel ọhaneze izizi nke Linux na Septemba 0.0.1th. 62 kernel bụ 10 KB abịakọrọ ma nwee ihe dị ka ahịrị 35 nke koodu isi mmalite. Kernel Linux nke ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere ihe karịrị ahịrị koodu nde 2010. Dị ka otu nnyocha nke European Union nyere na 13, ihe dị ka ọnụ ahịa nke ịmepụta ọrụ yiri nke kernel Linux nke oge a ga-abụ ihe karịrị otu ijeri dollar US (a na-eme ngụkọ ahụ mgbe kernel nwere akara koodu 3 nde) , dị ka atụmatụ ndị ọzọ si dị - ihe karịrị ijeri XNUMX.

MINIX kernel sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Linux kernel, nke adabaghị Linus na ikike nwere oke. N'ikpeazụ, mgbe Linux ghọrọ ọrụ a ma ama, ndị na-akparị mmadụ gbalịrị ịbo Linus ebubo na ọ na-edegharị koodu nke ụfọdụ sistemụ MINIX ozugbo. Andrew Tanenbaum, onye edemede nke MINIX, weghaara mwakpo ahụ, bụ onye nyere nwa akwụkwọ iwu ka o mee ntụle zuru ezu n'etiti koodu Minix na mwepụta ọha mbụ nke Linux. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ ahụ gosipụtara ọnụnọ nke naanị obere egwuregwu anọ nke ngọngọ koodu, n'ihi ihe achọrọ POSIX na ANSI C.

Linus chere na mbụ ịkpọ kernel Freax, site na okwu "free", "freak" na X (Unix). Mana Ari Lemmke nyere kernel aha "Linux", onye, ​​na arịrịọ Linus, debere kernel na sava FTP nke mahadum, na-akpọ akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na ebe nchekwa ahụ abụghị "freax", dị ka Torvalds jụrụ, kama "linux". ". Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na onye ọchụnta ego na-azụ ahịa bụ William Della Croce (William Della Croce) jisiri ike debanye aha ụghalaahia Linux ma chọọ ịnakọta royalties n'ime oge, ma emesị gbanwee obi ya ma nyefee ikike niile na ụghalaahịa na Linus. A họọrọ mascot ọrụ nke Linux kernel, Tux penguin, n'ihi asọmpi emere na 1996. Aha Tux na-anọchi anya Torvalds UniX.

Ike uto nke codebase (ọnụọgụ nke ahịrị koodu) nke kernel:

  • 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, 10 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 1.0.0 - March 1994, 176 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 1.2.0 - March 1995, 311 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.2.0 - January 1999, 1.8 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.4.0 - January 2001, 3.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.6.0 - December 2003, 5.9 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.6.28 - December 2008, 10.2 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.6.35 - August 2010, 13.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 3.0 - August 2011, 14.6 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 3.5 - Julaị 2012, ahịrị koodu nde 15.5;
  • 3.10 - Julaị 2013, ahịrị koodu nde 15.8;
  • 3.16 - August 2014, 17.5 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 4.1 - June 2015, 19.5 nde ahịrị koodu;
  • 4.7 - Julaị 2016, ahịrị koodu nde 21.7;
  • 4.12 - Julaị 2017, ahịrị koodu nde 24.1;
  • 4.18 - August 2018, 25.3 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 5.2 - Julaị 2019, ahịrị koodu nde 26.55;
  • 5.8 - August 2020, 28.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 5.13 - June 2021, 29.2 nde ahịrị koodu;
  • 5.19 - August 2022, 30.5 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 6.4 - June 2023, ahịrị koodu nde 32.9.
  • 6.10 - Julaị 2024, ahịrị koodu nde 35.1.

Ọganihu mmepe isi:

  • Linux 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, ntọhapụ ọha mbụ na-akwado i386 CPU naanị yana booting na floppy;
  • Linux 0.12 - Jenụwarị 1992, koodu malitere ikesa n'okpuru ikikere GPLv2;
  • Linux 0.95 - Machị 1992, gbakwunyere ikike ịgba ọsọ sistemụ Window X, nkwado etinyere maka ebe nchekwa mebere yana nkebi swap.
  • Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, ọrụ malitere na nchịkọta netwọk. Ewebata usoro faịlụ Ext2, agbakwunyere nkwado maka usoro faịlụ ELF, ewebata ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala maka kaadị ụda na ndị na-ahụ maka SCSI, na-ebubata modul kernel na /proc faịlụ sistemụ.
  • Na 1992, nkesa mbụ nke SLS na Yggdrasil pụtara. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1993, e hiwere ọrụ Slackware na Debian.
  • Linux 1.0 - Maachị 1994, ntọhapụ kwụsiri ike nke mbụ;
  • Linux 1.2 - Machị 1995, mmụba dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, nkwado maka nyiwe Alfa, MIPS na SPARC, ikike nchịkọta netwọk gbasaa, ọdịdị nke nzacha ngwugwu, nkwado NFS;
  • Linux 2.0 - June 1996, nkwado maka usoro multiprocessor;
  • Maachị 1997: LKML, Linux kernel Onye nrụpụta ndepụta nzipu ozi tọrọ ntọala;
  • 1998: Ewepụtara ụyọkọ nke mbụ Top500 Linux, nke nwere oghere 68 nwere Alpha CPUs;
  • Linux 2.2 - Jenụwarị 1999, mmezi arụmọrụ njikwa ebe nchekwa, agbakwunyere nkwado IPv6, etinyere firewall ọhụrụ, ewebatala sistemụ ụda ọhụrụ;
  • Linux 2.4 - February 2001, nkwado maka 8-processor usoro na 64 GB nke RAM, Ext3 faịlụ usoro, USB nkwado, ACPI;
  • Linux 2.6 - Disemba 2003, nkwado SELinux, akụrụngwa kernel parameter n'iji ya gee ntị, sysfs, sistemu njikwa ebe nchekwa ahaziri;
  • N'afọ 2005, e webatara Xen hypervisor, bụ nke webatara n'oge nke virtualization;
  • Na Septemba 2008, ewepụtara ntọhapụ mbụ nke ikpo okwu gam akporo dabere na kernel Linux;
  • Na July 2011, mgbe afọ 10 nke mmepe nke alaka 2.6.x gasịrị, e mere mgbanwe na nọmba 3.x. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe dị na ebe nchekwa Git eruola nde 2;
  • Na 2015, ntọhapụ nke Linux 4.0 kernel mere. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe git dị na ebe nchekwa ahụ eruola nde 4;
  • N'April 2018, emerila ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ihe nde 6 git dị na ebe nchekwa isi.
  • Na Jenụwarị 2019, e hiwere ngalaba kernel Linux 5.0. Ebe nchekwa ahụ eruola ọkwa nke ihe nde 6.5 git.
  • Ebipụtara n'August 2020, kernel 5.8 bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ọnụọgụ mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ niile n'ime ndụ niile nke ọrụ ahụ.
  • Na kernel 5.13, e debere ndekọ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmepe (2150), ndị mgbanwe ya gụnyere na kernel.
  • N'August 2022, e hiwere ngalaba kernel Linux 6.0, ebe alaka 5.x achịkọbara ntọhapụ zuru oke iji gbanwee ọnụọgụ mbụ na nọmba ụdị.
  • Kernel 6.1, ewepụtara na Disemba 2022, gbakwunyere ike iji Rust dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ maka ịzụlite ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na modul.

Ihe dị ka pasentị iri isii na ise nke mgbanwe niile e mere na kernel bụ ụlọ ọrụ iri abụọ kacha arụ ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge mmepe nke kernel 6.10, n'ime mgbanwe niile, Intel kwadoro pasentị iri na ise (na kernel 6.9 ọ bụ 12.9%), Google kwadoro pasentị iri asaa na anọ (7.1%), Red Hat kwadoro pasentị iri isii na itoolu (6.6%), Linaro kwadoro pasentị iri isii na atọ (6.4%), AMD kwadoro pasentị iri anọ na asaa (5.7%), Oracle kwadoro pasentị iri atọ na atọ (2.2%), Meta kwadoro pasentị iri atọ (2.9%), SUSE kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ na ise (2.5%), IBM kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ (2.2%), Huawei kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ (2.4%), Qualcomm kwadoro pasentị iri itoolu (2.1%), NVIDIA kwadoro pasentị iri ise (1.5%), na ARM kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ (1.2%). 11.9% nke mgbanwe (na kernel 6.9 – 14.2%) bụ ndị ndị nyere aka ma ọ bụ ndị mmepe nọọrọ onwe ha nyere aka bụ ndị na-ekwupụtaghị ọrụ ha kpọmkwem maka ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ. Intel, Linaro, na Red Hat bụ ndị butere ụzọ n'ihe gbasara ahịrị koodu agbakwunyere na kernel 6.10, yana òkè nke 13.6%, 13.3%, na 7.2%, n'otu n'otu (na kernel 6.9, AMD, Red Hat, na Intel bu ụzọ na òkè nke 21.7%, 11.5%, na 8.9%).

isi: opennet.ru

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