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Isi Linux gbara afọ 33

Na Ọgọst 25, 1991, mgbe ọnwa ise nke mmepe gasịrị, nwa akwụkwọ dị afọ 21 bụ́ Linus Torvalds kwupụtara na otu akụkọ comp.os.minix na ya emepụtala ihe nlereanya na-arụ ọrụ nke sistemụ arụmọrụ ọhụrụ. Linux, nke gosipụtara mmecha nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri bash 1.08 na gcc 1.40. Mwepụta mbụ ọha nke kernel ahụ Linux E wepụtara ya na Septemba 17. Kernel 0.0.1 dị 62 KB n'ogo akpọchiri akpọchi ma nwee ihe dị ka ahịrị koodu isi mmalite 10. Kernel nke oge a Linux nwere ihe karịrị nde ahịrị koodu 35. Dịka nnyocha nke European Union nyere iwu na 2010 si kwuo, ihe dịka ọnụ ahịa iji mepụta ọrụ yiri kernel nke oge a site na mmalite. Linux, gaara eru ihe karịrị otu ijeri dọla US (e mere ngụkọ ahụ mgbe kernel nwere ahịrị koodu nde iri na atọ), dịka atụmatụ ndị ọzọ si kwuo - ihe karịrị ijeri atọ.

Isi Linux sitere na sistemụ arụmọrụ MINIX, nke na-adabaraghị Linus n'ihi ikike ya pere mpe. Mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe Linux ghọrọ ọrụ a ma ama, ndị nkatọ nwara ịkatọ Linus ebubo idetuo koodu nke ụfọdụ sistemụ MINIX ozugbo. Andrew Tanenbaum, onye dere MINIX, jụrụ mwakpo ahụ, onye nyere otu nwa akwụkwọ ọrụ ka o mee ntụnyere zuru ezu nke koodu Minix na nsụgharị ọha mbụ. LinuxNsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gosiri naanị obere ngọngọ koodu anọ, nke e kpebiri site na ihe achọrọ maka POSIX na ANSI C.

Linus bu n'obi ịkpọ kernel Freax, ihe ngosi nke "free," "freak," na X (Unix). Mana aha "Linux"E si n'aka Ari Lemmke nweta kernel ahụ, onye, ​​dịka Linus si rịọ, tinyere kernel ahụ na sava FTP nke mahadum ahụ, na-akpọ ndekọ nwere ebe nchekwa ahụ ọ bụghị "freax," dịka Torvalds rịọrọ, kama "linux." Ihe dị ịtụnanya bụ na onye ọchụnta ego nwere azụmahịa William Della Croce nwere ike idebanye aha azụmaahịa ahụ. Linux ma chọọ ịchịkọta ego eze ka oge na-aga, mana o mechara gbanwee obi ya wee nyefee ikike akara azụmaahịa niile nye Linus. Linux-kernel, penguin Tux, ka a họpụtara n'ihi asọmpi emere na 1996. Aha Tux pụtara Torvalds UniX.

Ike uto nke codebase (ọnụọgụ nke ahịrị koodu) nke kernel:

  • 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, 10 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 1.0.0 - March 1994, 176 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 1.2.0 - March 1995, 311 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.0.0 - June 1996, 778 puku ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.2.0 - January 1999, 1.8 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.4.0 - January 2001, 3.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.6.0 - December 2003, 5.9 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.6.28 - December 2008, 10.2 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 2.6.35 - August 2010, 13.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 3.0 - August 2011, 14.6 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 3.5 - Julaị 2012, ahịrị koodu nde 15.5;
  • 3.10 - Julaị 2013, ahịrị koodu nde 15.8;
  • 3.16 - August 2014, 17.5 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 4.1 - June 2015, 19.5 nde ahịrị koodu;
  • 4.7 - Julaị 2016, ahịrị koodu nde 21.7;
  • 4.12 - Julaị 2017, ahịrị koodu nde 24.1;
  • 4.18 - August 2018, 25.3 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 5.2 - Julaị 2019, ahịrị koodu nde 26.55;
  • 5.8 - August 2020, 28.4 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 5.13 - June 2021, 29.2 nde ahịrị koodu;
  • 5.19 - August 2022, 30.5 nde ahịrị nke koodu;
  • 6.4 - June 2023, ahịrị koodu nde 32.9.
  • 6.10 - Julaị 2024, ahịrị koodu nde 35.1.

Ọganihu mmepe isi:

  • Linux 0.0.1 - Septemba 1991, mwepụta ọha mbụ na-akwado naanị i386 CPUs ma na-amalite site na floppy disk;
  • Linux 0.12 - Jenụwarị 1992, a malitere ikesa koodu ahụ n'okpuru ikike GPLv2;
  • Linux 0.95 - Maachị 1992, enyere ikike ịgba ọsọ Sistemụ Window X, nkwado maka ebe nchekwa mebere emebere na itinye nkebi mgbanwe.
  • Linux 0.96-0.99 — 1992-1993: Ọrụ na nchịkọta netwọk malitere. E webatara sistemụ faịlụ Ext2, tinye nkwado maka usoro faịlụ ELF, ewebatara draịva maka kaadị ụda na ndị njikwa SCSI, tinyekwa modulu kernel na sistemụ faịlụ /proc.
  • Na 1992, nkesa SLS na Yggdrasil mbụ pụtara. N'oge ọkọchị nke 1993, Slackware na Debian.
  • Linux 1.0 – Maachị 1994, nke mbụ e wepụtara n'ihu ọha;
  • Linux 1.2 - Maachị 1995, mmụba dị ukwuu na ọnụọgụgụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala, nkwado maka ikpo okwu Alpha, MIPS na SPARC, mmụba nke ikike nchịkọta netwọk, ọdịdị nke nzacha ngwugwu, nkwado NFS;
  • Linux 2.0 - Juun 1996, nkwado maka sistemụ multiprocessor;
  • Machị 1997: E hiwere LKML, ndepụta ozi mmepe kernel. Linux;
  • 1998: E hiwere otu mbụ e tinyere na ndepụta Top500 dabere na Linux, nke nwere nodes 68 nwere Alpha CPUs;
  • Linux 2.2 - Jenụwarị 1999, mụbara arụmọrụ nke sistemụ njikwa ebe nchekwa, agbakwunyere nkwado IPv6, etinyere firewall ọhụrụ, ewebatala sistemụ ụda ọhụrụ;
  • Linux 2.4 - Febụwarị 2001, na-enye nkwado maka sistemụ nhazi 8 na 64 GB nke RAM, sistemụ faịlụ Ext3, nkwado USB, ACPI;
  • Linux 2.6 - Disemba 2003, nkwado SELinux, ngwaọrụ maka ịgbanwe paramita kernel akpaka, sysfs, sistemụ njikwa ebe nchekwa emegharịrị;
  • N'afọ 2005, e webatara Xen hypervisor, bụ nke webatara n'oge nke virtualization;
  • Na Septemba 2008, e guzobere mwepụta mbụ nke ikpo okwu ahụ. Android, dabere na kernel Linux;
  • Na July 2011, mgbe afọ 10 nke mmepe nke alaka 2.6.x gasịrị, e mere mgbanwe na nọmba 3.x. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe dị na ebe nchekwa Git eruola nde 2;
  • E wepụtara isi ihe ahụ na 2015 Linux 4.0. Ọnụọgụ ihe ndị dị na ebe nchekwa ahụ ruru nde anọ;
  • N'April 2018, emerila ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ihe nde 6 git dị na ebe nchekwa isi.
  • Na Jenụwarị 2019, e hiwere alaka kernel Linux 5.0. Ebe nchekwa ahụ erutela ihe git nde 6.5.
  • Ebipụtara n'August 2020, kernel 5.8 bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara ọnụọgụ mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ niile n'ime ndụ niile nke ọrụ ahụ.
  • Na kernel 5.13, e debere ndekọ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmepe (2150), ndị mgbanwe ya gụnyere na kernel.
  • E guzobere alaka isi ahụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022 Linux 6.0, ebe ọ bụ na alaka 5.x anakọtala ọtụtụ mwepụta iji gbanwee nọmba mbụ na nọmba ụdị ahụ.
  • Kernel 6.1, ewepụtara na Disemba 2022, gbakwunyere ike iji Rust dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ maka ịzụlite ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na modul.

Ihe dị ka pasentị iri isii na ise nke mgbanwe niile e mere na kernel bụ ụlọ ọrụ iri abụọ kacha arụ ọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge mmepe nke kernel 6.10, n'ime mgbanwe niile, Intel kwadoro pasentị iri na ise (na kernel 6.9 ọ bụ 12.9%), Google kwadoro pasentị iri asaa na anọ (7.1%), Red Hat kwadoro pasentị iri isii na itoolu (6.6%), Linaro kwadoro pasentị iri isii na atọ (6.4%), AMD kwadoro pasentị iri anọ na asaa (5.7%), Oracle kwadoro pasentị iri atọ na atọ (2.2%), Meta kwadoro pasentị iri atọ (2.9%), SUSE kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ na ise (2.5%), IBM kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ (2.2%), Huawei kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ (2.4%), Qualcomm kwadoro pasentị iri itoolu (2.1%), NVIDIA kwadoro pasentị iri ise (1.5%), na ARM kwadoro pasentị iri abụọ (1.2%). 11.9% nke mgbanwe (na kernel 6.9 – 14.2%) bụ ndị ndị nyere aka ma ọ bụ ndị mmepe nọọrọ onwe ha nyere aka bụ ndị na-ekwupụtaghị ọrụ ha kpọmkwem maka ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ. Intel, Linaro, na Red Hat bụ ndị butere ụzọ n'ihe gbasara ahịrị koodu agbakwunyere na kernel 6.10, yana òkè nke 13.6%, 13.3%, na 7.2%, n'otu n'otu (na kernel 6.9, AMD, Red Hat, na Intel bu ụzọ na òkè nke 21.7%, 11.5%, na 8.9%).

isi: opennet.ru

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