{"id":100285,"date":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9"},"modified":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del filtro pacchetti nftables 0.9.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stata pubblicata la versione 0.9.9 del filtro pacchetti nftables, che unifica le interfacce di filtraggio dei pacchetti per IPv4, IPv6, ARP e ponti di rete (mirando a sostituire iptables, ip6tables, arptables ed ebtables). Contestualmente, \u00e8 stata rilasciata la libreria correlata libnftnl 1.2.0, che fornisce un'API di basso livello per interagire con il sottosistema nf_tables. Le modifiche necessarie per il funzionamento della versione 0.9.9 di nftables sono state incluse nel kernel Linux 5.13-rc1.          <\/p>\n<p>Il pacchetto nftables include componenti del filtro pacchetti che operano nello spazio utente, mentre a livello kernel, il funzionamento \u00e8 garantito dal sottosistema nf_tables, incluso nel kernel Linux dalla versione 3.13. A livello kernel viene fornita solo un'interfaccia generica, non dipendente dal protocollo specifico, che offre funzionalit\u00e0 di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso.    <\/p>\n<p>Le regole di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopo di che questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink e viene eseguito nel kernel in un'area speciale. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchina virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4310\">macchina virtuale<\/a>, che ricorda i BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello di kernel, spostando tutte le funzioni di analisi delle regole e la logica di gestione dei protocolli nello spazio utente.    <\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 flowtable \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 &#8216;offload&#8217;. Flowtable \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e.        table ip global {              flowtable f {                      hook ingress priority filter + 1                      devices = { lan3, lan0, wan }                      flags offload              }                chain forward {                      type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;                      ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @f              }                chain post {                      type nat hook postrouting priority filter; policy accept;                      oifname &#171;wan&#187; masquerade              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la supporto per l'attacco a una tabella dei flag per il legame con il proprietario, che consente un utilizzo esclusivo della tabella da parte del processo. Una volta completato il processo, la tabella associata viene automaticamente rimossa. Le informazioni sul processo vengono visualizzate nel dump delle regole sotto forma di commento:          table ip x { # progname nft              flags owner                chain y {                      type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;                      counter packets 1 bytes 309              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430  \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 IEEE 802.1ad (VLAN stacking \u0438\u043b\u0438 QinQ), \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432 VLAN \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440 Ethernet. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e Ethernet-\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430 8021ad \u0438  vlan id=342 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e        &#8230; ether type 802.1ad vlan id 342      \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 Ethernet-\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430 8021ad\/vlan id=1, \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 802.1q\/vlan id=2 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 IP-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430:         &#8230; ether type 8021ad vlan id 1 vlan type 8021q vlan id 2 vlan type ip counter\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 cgroups v2. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c cgroups v2 \u043e\u0442 v1 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 cgroups \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 CPU, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430.  \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 cgroupv2 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435 &#171;system.slice&#187; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e:       &#8230; socket cgroupv2 level 1 &#171;system.slice&#187;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 SCTP (\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux 5.14).  \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435 chunk-\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c &#8216;data&#8217; \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c    &#8216;type&#8217;:       &#8230; sctp chunk data exists    &#8230; sctp chunk data type 0\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 &#171;-f&#187;. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0445. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f snat \u0438 dnat \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c:       &#8230; ct status ! snat,dnat    \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442 syn \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435 syn,ack:       &#8230; tcp flags syn \/ syn,ack    \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b fin \u0438 rst \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435 syn,ack,fin,rst:       &#8230; tcp flags != fin,rst \/ syn,ack,fin,rst\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430  &#171;verdict&#187; \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445  typeof  \u0434\u043b\u044f set\/map:        add map x m { typeof iifname . ip protocol . th dport : verdict ;}    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55214\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. 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