{"id":100551,"date":"2021-06-21T10:22:44","date_gmt":"2021-06-21T08:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-nixos-obespechena-podderzhka-povtoryaemyh-sborok-dlya-iso-obraza"},"modified":"2021-06-21T10:22:44","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T08:22:44","slug":"v-nixos-obespechena-podderzhka-povtoryaemyh-sborok-dlya-iso-obraza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/v-nixos-obespechena-podderzhka-povtoryaemyh-sborok-dlya-iso-obraza","title":{"rendered":"Nella NixOS \u00e8 garantito il supporto per build ripetibili per l'immagine iso.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Gli sviluppatori della distribuzione NixOS hanno annunciato l'implementazione del supporto per la verifica dell'integrit\u00e0 dell'immagine iso minimale (iso_minimal.x86_64-linux) tramite il meccanismo delle builds ripetibili. In precedenza, le builds ripetibili erano disponibili a livello di singoli pacchetti, ma ora sono state estese a tutta l'immagine iso. Qualsiasi utente pu\u00f2 generare un'immagine iso completamente identica a quella fornita per il download e verificare che sia stata costruita a partire dai sorgenti forniti e non contenga modifiche nascoste. Per automatizzare la verifica dell'immagine iso di NixOS tramite builds ripetibili \u00e8 stato preparato uno script speciale. Nella fase successiva, si prevede di garantire builds ripetibili per l'immagine iso completa con il desktop GNOME. <\/p>\n

Le builds ripetibili sono un anello cruciale per garantire la sicurezza, poich\u00e9 consentono di verificare autonomamente che le builds offerte dalla distribuzione coincidano byte per byte con quelle create personalmente dai sorgenti. Senza la possibilit\u00e0 di verificare l'identit\u00e0 della build binaria, l'utente deve fidarsi ciecamente delle infrastrutture di build altrui, la compromissione del compilatore o degli strumenti di build pu\u00f2 portare all'inserimento di backdoor nascoste. Per garantire le builds ripetibili \u00e8 necessario riprodurre la configurazione e i parametri dell'ambiente di build, utilizzare versioni identiche di programmi, dipendenze e componenti di avvio, escludere l'inserimento di dati variabili (timestamp, riempitivi casuali, ecc.), e mantenere l'ordine di build dei file e la fornitura dei pacchetti nell'immagine iso. <\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 NixOS \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 NixOS \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (configuration.nix), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433) \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Nix \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \/nix\/store \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \/nix\/store\/f2b5…8a563-firefox-89.0.1\/, \u0433\u0434\u0435 «f2b5…» \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. <\/p>\n

I pacchetti sono formati da contenitori che contengono i componenti necessari per il funzionamento delle applicazioni. \u00c8 possibile definire dipendenze tra i pacchetti, utilizzando la scansione degli identificatori hash nella directory dei pacchetti installati per verificare la presenza di dipendenze gi\u00e0 installate. \u00c8 possibile sia il download di pacchetti binari pronti dal repository (quando si installano aggiornamenti ai pacchetti binari vengono scaricate solo le modifiche delta), sia la compilazione dai sorgenti con tutte le dipendenze. La collezione di pacchetti \u00e8 presentata in un repository speciale, Nixpkgs.
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e iso-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 (iso_minimal.x86_64-linux) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 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