{"id":100821,"date":"2021-07-23T10:22:39","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T08:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-firewalld-1-0"},"modified":"2021-07-23T10:22:39","modified_gmt":"2021-07-23T08:22:39","slug":"vypusk-firewalld-1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/vypusk-firewalld-1-0","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio di firewalld 1.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stato presentato il rilascio del firewall dinamicamente gestito firewalld 1.0, implementato come un'interfaccia sopra ai filtri dei pacchetti nftables e iptables. Firewalld viene eseguito come processo in background, consentendo di modificare dinamicamente le regole del filtro dei pacchetti tramite D-Bus, senza la necessit\u00e0 di ricaricare le regole del filtro dei pacchetti e senza interrompere le connessioni stabilite. Il progetto \u00e8 gi\u00e0 in uso in molte distribuzioni Linux, tra cui RHEL 7+, Fedora 18+ e SUSE\/openSUSE 15+. Il codice di firewalld \u00e8 scritto in Python ed \u00e8 distribuito sotto licenza GPLv2.      <\/p>\n<p>Per gestire il firewall viene utilizzata l'utility firewall-cmd, che si basa non su <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"indirizzi IP\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"837\">indirizzi IP<\/a>, interfacce di rete e numeri di porta, mentre i nomi dei servizi (ad esempio, per consentire l'accesso a SSH \u00e8 necessario eseguire &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;add &#8212;service=ssh&#187;, per chiudere SSH &#8212; &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;remove &#8212;service=ssh&#187;). Per modificare la configurazione del firewall pu\u00f2 essere utilizzata anche l'interfaccia grafica firewall-config (GTK) e l'applet firewall-applet (Qt). Il supporto per la gestione del firewall tramite l'API D-BUS di firewalld \u00e8 presente in progetti come NetworkManager, libvirt, podman, docker e fail2ban.    <\/p>\n<p>Il significativo cambiamento del numero di versione \u00e8 legato all'introduzione di modifiche che compromettono la compatibilit\u00e0 inversa e alterano il comportamento di gestione delle zone. Tutti i parametri di filtraggio definiti in una zona si applicano ora solo al traffico diretto all'host su cui \u00e8 in esecuzione firewalld, mentre per il filtraggio del traffico transitivo \u00e8 necessaria la configurazione delle politiche. Le modifiche pi\u00f9 evidenti sono:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata dichiarata obsoleta l'interfaccia backend che consentiva di lavorare sopra iptables. Il supporto per iptables verr\u00e0 mantenuto nel prossimo futuro, ma questo backend non verr\u00e0 ulteriormente sviluppato.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c intra-zone-forwarding, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435  \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b (public, block, trusted, internal \u0438 \u0442.\u043f.). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b  \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 &#171;firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;zone public &#8212;remove-forward&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 (NAT), \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 &#171;inet&#187; (\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 &#171;ip&#187; \u0438 &#171;ip6&#187;, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4 \u0438 IPv6). \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ipset &#8212; \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 ipset \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 &#171;default&#187;, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435 &#171;&#8212;set-target&#187;, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e &#171;reject&#187;, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435  \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f ICMP-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b &#171;trusted&#187; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430:       firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;new-policy allowForward      firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;policy allowForward &#8212;set-target ACCEPT     firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;policy allowForward &#8212;add-ingress-zone public     firewall-cmd &#8212;permanent &#8212;policy allowForward &#8212;add-egress-zone trusted     firewall-cmd &#8212;reload\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 &#171;&#8212;set-target catch-all&#187;, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b drop, reject \u0438\u043b\u0438 accept, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f &#171;&#8212;set-target  drop|reject|accept&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Il blocco ICMP ora si applica solo ai pacchetti in entrata indirizzati all'host corrente (input) e non influisce sui pacchetti inoltrati tra le zone (forward).\n<li class=\"l\"> Il servizio tftp-client, destinato a monitorare le connessioni per il protocollo TFTP ma reso inutilizzabile, \u00e8 stato rimosso.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 &#171;direct&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 CleanupModulesOnExit, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#171;no&#187;. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b  firewalld.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato autorizzato l'uso di ipset nella definizione del sistema di destinazione (destination).\n<li class=\"l\"> Sono state aggiunte le definizioni dei servizi WireGuard, Kubernetes e netbios-ns.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata implementata la regola di completamento automatico per zsh.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 terminato il supporto per Python 2.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata ridotto l'elenco delle dipendenze. Per il funzionamento di firewalld, oltre al kernel Linux, sono ora richieste solo le librerie Python dbus, gobject e nftables, mentre i pacchetti ebtables, ipset e iptables sono stati classificati come opzionali. Dall'elenco delle dipendenze sono state rimosse le librerie Python decorator e slip.    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55537\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 firewalld 1.0, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 nftables \u0438 iptables. Firewalld \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 D-Bus, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 Linux, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f RHEL 7+, Fedora 18+ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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