{"id":101444,"date":"2021-09-28T16:22:58","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T14:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/analiz-vliyaniya-na-proizvoditelnost-vybrannogo-v-sisteme-istochnika-vremeni"},"modified":"2026-02-08T18:56:03","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T16:56:03","slug":"analiz-vliyaniya-na-proizvoditelnost-vybrannogo-v-sisteme-istochnika-vremeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/analiz-vliyaniya-na-proizvoditelnost-vybrannogo-v-sisteme-istochnika-vremeni","title":{"rendered":"Analisi dell'impatto sulle prestazioni della sorgente di tempo selezionata nel sistema","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Brendan Gregg, uno dei creatori di DTrace, che attualmente sviluppa strumenti per l'analisi delle prestazioni basati su BPF nel kernel Linux, ha riassunto l'esperienza acquisita nell'affrontare i problemi di prestazioni che Netflix ha incontrato durante la migrazione del database Cassandra da CentOS a Ubuntu in ambienti eseguiti su Amazon EC2 basati su Xen. Dopo la migrazione, il carico sulla CPU \u00e8 aumentato del 30% e le latenze durante le operazioni di scrittura sono aumentate di circa la stessa percentuale. Come si \u00e8 scoperto, le prestazioni delle applicazioni che richiedono intensamente informazioni sul tempo dipendono fortemente dalla sorgente di tempo precisa selezionata nel sistema.    <\/p>\n<p>All'inizio, il motivo del calo delle prestazioni non era evidente e la diagnosi \u00e8 iniziata monitorando il possibile impatto di processi di sistema ad alta intensit\u00e0 di risorse, in esecuzione continua o avviati periodicamente, utilizzando le utility top e execsnoop. Ma tutto indicava che il consumo delle risorse era aumentato specificamente nel database Cassandra, scritto in Java. Il confronto delle metriche di profiling di due processi Cassandra, eseguiti parallelamente su CentOS e Ubuntu e che trattavano le stesse richieste, ha mostrato che circa il 32% del tempo veniva speso nella chiamata a os::javaTimeMillis(), utilizzata per ottenere informazioni sull'ora corrente.    <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Java, \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 System.currentTimeMillis(). \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 CentOS \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 13 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u0430 \u0432 Ubuntu &#8212; \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 68 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432 5 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e gettimeofday(), \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b.          <\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0421\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 &#171;\/sys\/devices\/system\/clocksource\/clocksource0\/current_clocksource&#187; \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 Linux \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440 &#171;xen&#187;. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 &#171;tsc&#187; \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Ubuntu \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 68 \u0434\u043e 3.3 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u0442.\u0435. \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432 20 \u0440\u0430\u0437. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438  kvm-clock, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0430 20%, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 TSC.         $ cat \/sys\/devices\/system\/clocksource\/clocksource0\/available_clocksource     xen tsc hpet acpi_pm       $ cat \/sys\/devices\/system\/clocksource\/clocksource0\/current_clocksource     xen       $ time java TimeBench     real    1m8.300s     user    0m38.337s     sys 0m29.875s       $ echo tsc &gt; \/sys\/devices\/system\/clocksource\/clocksource0\/current_clocksource       $ time java TimeBench     real    0m3.370s     user    0m3.353s     sys     0m0.026s          <\/p>\n<p>Per ottenere il tempo nella scelta della sorgente TSC, viene utilizzata l'istruzione del processore RDTSC, il cui esecuzione non richiede una chiamata di sistema (l'istruzione non necessita di privilegi elevati e restituisce un valore dal contatore del tempo integrato nella CPU). Di default, il TSC non \u00e8 attivato poich\u00e9 in passato questa sorgente non escludeva il graduale drift temporale, che in altri gestori viene corretto tramite software per ottenere letture pi\u00f9 accurate. Secondo un ingegnere specializzato nello sviluppo di processori, le preoccupazioni sui cambiamenti temporali nell'uso del TSC non sono pi\u00f9 valide e <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/server\/dts-riga\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"376\">nei processori moderni<\/a> questa sorgente pu\u00f2 fornire letture stabili per anni.     <\/p>\n<p>Traduzione operativa <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1610\">server<\/a> \u0432 Netflix \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a TSC \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0451\u043b \u043a \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 43% \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Ubuntu \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432 4 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 CentOS \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 &#171;xen. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Amazon, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 AWS EC2 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 Xen \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 TSC (\u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445  \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 Nitro \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d kvm-clock).<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55870\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433 (Brendan Gregg), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 DTrace, \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 BPF \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Netflix \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 Cassandra c CentOS \u043d\u0430 Ubuntu \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0435 Amazon EC2 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Xen. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433 (Brendan Gregg), \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 DTrace, \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 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