{"id":102342,"date":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1"},"modified":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del filtro pacchetti nftables 1.0.1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stata pubblicata la versione 1.0.1 del filtro dei pacchetti nftables, che unifica le interfacce di filtraggio dei pacchetti per IPv4, IPv6, ARP e ponti di rete (destinata a sostituire iptables, ip6table, arptables ed ebtables). Le modifiche necessarie per il funzionamento della versione nftables 1.0.1 sono incluse nel kernel Linux 5.16-rc1.      <\/p>\n<p>Nel pacchetto nftables sono inclusi componenti del filtro a pacchetti che operano nello spazio utente, mentre a livello di kernel l'operazione \u00e8 gestita dal sottosistema nf_tables, incluso nel kernel di Linux a partire dalla versione 3.13. A livello di kernel viene fornito solo un'interfaccia generale, indipendente dal protocollo specifico e che offre funzioni di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso.    <\/p>\n<p>Le regole di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopodich\u00e9 questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink e viene eseguito nel kernel in una sezione <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchina virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4318\">macchina virtuale<\/a>, simile a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello di kernel e di spostare tutte le funzioni di parsing delle regole e di logica di operazione con i protocolli nello spazio utente.    <\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ridotto il consumo di memoria durante il caricamento di grandi set e mappe.\n<li class=\"l\"> Accelerato il riavvio di set e mappe.\n<li class=\"l\"> L'output delle tabelle e delle catene selezionate \u00e8 stato accelerato in grandi insiemi di regole. Ad esempio, il tempo di esecuzione del comando &#171;nft list ruleset&#187; per visualizzare un insieme di regole composto da 100.000 righe \u00e8 di 3,049 secondi, mentre la visualizzazione solo delle tabelle nat e filter (&#171;nft list table nat&#187;, &#171;nft list table filter&#187;) \u00e8 ridotta a 1,969 e 0,697 secondi.\n<li class=\"l\"> L'esecuzione delle query con l'opzione &#171;&#8212;terse&#187; \u00e8 stata accelerata quando si trattano regole con grandi elenchi set e map.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata introdotta la possibilit\u00e0 di filtrare il traffico dalla catena &#171;egress&#187;, elaborato allo stesso livello dell'elaboratore egress nella catena netdev (hook egress), ovvero nella fase in cui il driver riceve un pacchetto dallo stack di rete del kernel.       table netdev filter {          chain egress {                  type filter hook egress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;                  meta priority set ip saddr map { 192.168.10.2 : abcd:2,   192.168.10.3 : abcd:3 }          }    }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 consentita la corrispondenza e la modifica dei byte nell'intestazione e nel contenuto del pacchetto a uno spostamento specificato. # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 0x14000000 counter # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 set 0x14000000 counter    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56192\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.1, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.1 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.16-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.1, 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