{"id":102342,"date":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1"},"modified":"2021-11-20T15:36:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-20T13:36:48","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-1","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del filtro pacchetti nftables 1.0.1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stata pubblicata la versione 1.0.1 del filtro dei pacchetti nftables, che unifica le interfacce di filtraggio dei pacchetti per IPv4, IPv6, ARP e bridge di rete (destinato a sostituire iptables, ip6tables, arptables e ebtables). Le modifiche necessarie per il funzionamento della versione 1.0.1 di nftables sono incluse nel kernel Linux 5.16-rc1.      <\/p>\n<p>Il pacchetto nftables include componenti del filtro pacchetti che operano nello spazio utente, mentre a livello kernel, il funzionamento \u00e8 garantito dal sottosistema nf_tables, incluso nel kernel Linux dalla versione 3.13. A livello kernel viene fornita solo un'interfaccia generica, non dipendente dal protocollo specifico, che offre funzionalit\u00e0 di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso.    <\/p>\n<p>Le regole di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopo di che questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink e viene eseguito nel kernel in un'area speciale. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchina virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4318\">macchina virtuale<\/a>, che ricorda i BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello di kernel, spostando tutte le funzioni di analisi delle regole e la logica di gestione dei protocolli nello spazio utente.    <\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ridotto il consumo di memoria durante il caricamento di grandi set e mappe.\n<li class=\"l\"> Accelerato il riavvio di set e mappe.\n<li class=\"l\"> Velocizzato l'output delle tabelle selezionate e delle catene in grandi set di regole. Ad esempio, il tempo di esecuzione del comando &#171;nft list ruleset&#187; per visualizzare un set di regole costituito da 100.000 righe \u00e8 di 3,049 secondi; mentre la visualizzazione solo delle tabelle nat e filter (&#171;nft list table nat&#187;, &#171;nft list table filter&#187;) si riduce a 1,969 e 0,697 secondi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Accelerata l'esecuzione delle query con l'opzione &#171;&#8212;terse&#187; nel trattamento di regole con grandi elenchi set e map.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata fornita la possibilit\u00e0 di filtrare il traffico dalla catena &#171;egress&#187;, elaborato nello stesso livello del gestore egress nella catena netdev (hook egress), cio\u00e8 nella fase in cui il driver riceve il pacchetto dallo stack di rete del kernel.       table netdev filter {          chain egress {                  type filter hook egress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;                  meta priority set ip saddr map { 192.168.10.2 : abcd:2,   192.168.10.3 : abcd:3 }          }    }\n<li class=\"l\"> Consentito il mapping e la modifica dei byte nell'intestazione e nel contenuto del pacchetto secondo uno specifico offset.      # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 0x14000000 counter    # nft add rule x y @ih,32,32 set 0x14000000 counter    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56192\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.1, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.1 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.16-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.1, 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