{"id":103407,"date":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2"},"modified":"2022-02-22T03:36:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T01:36:42","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-0-2","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del filtro per pacchetti nftables 1.0.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stata pubblicata la versione del filtro pacchetti nftables 1.0.2, che unifica le interfacce di filtraggio dei pacchetti per IPv4, IPv6, ARP e ponti di rete (mirando a sostituire iptables, ip6tables, arptables ed ebtables). Le modifiche necessarie per il funzionamento della versione nftables 1.0.2 sono incluse nel kernel Linux 5.17-rc.      <\/p>\n<p>Nel pacchetto nftables sono inclusi componenti del filtro a pacchetti che operano nello spazio utente, mentre a livello di kernel l'operazione \u00e8 gestita dal sottosistema nf_tables, incluso nel kernel di Linux a partire dalla versione 3.13. A livello di kernel viene fornito solo un'interfaccia generale, indipendente dal protocollo specifico e che offre funzioni di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso.    <\/p>\n<p>Le regole di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopodich\u00e9 questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink e viene eseguito nel kernel in una sezione <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchina virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4319\">macchina virtuale<\/a>, simile a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello di kernel e di spostare tutte le funzioni di parsing delle regole e di logica di operazione con i protocolli nello spazio utente.    <\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta una modalit\u00e0 di ottimizzazione delle regole, attivabile tramite la nuova opzione &#171;-o&#187; (&#171;&#8212;optimize&#187;), che pu\u00f2 essere combinata con l'opzione &#171;&#8212;check&#187; per verificare e ottimizzare le modifiche nel file di regole senza un caricamento effettivo. L'ottimizzazione consente di unire regole simili, ad esempio, le seguenti regole:          meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.3 accept        meta iifname eth1 ip saddr 1.1.1.2 ip daddr 2.2.2.5 accept        ip saddr 1.1.1.1 ip daddr 2.2.2.2 accept        ip saddr 2.2.2.2 ip daddr 3.3.3.3 drop\n<p>verranno unite in           meta iifname . ip saddr . ip daddr { eth1 . 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.3, eth1 .   1.1.1.2 . 2.2.2.5 } accept        ip saddr . ip daddr vmap { 1.1.1.1 . 2.2.2.2 : accept, 2.2.2.2 . 3.3.3.3   : drop }    <\/p>\n<p>Esempio di utilizzo:       # nft -c -o -f ruleset.test     Fusione:       ruleset.nft:16:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.1 counter accept       ruleset.nft:17:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.2 counter accept       ruleset.nft:18:3-37:  ip daddr 192.168.0.3 counter accept     in:       ip daddr { 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2, 192.168.0.3 } counter pacchetti 0 byte 0 accept      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nelle liste set \u00e8 stata implementata la possibilit\u00e0 di specificare opzioni ip e tcp, nonch\u00e9 chunk sctp:            set s5 {                 typeof ip option ra value                 elements = { 1, 1024 }          }            set s7 {                 typeof sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams                 elements = { 1, 4 }          }            chain c5 {                 ip option ra value @s5 accept          }            chain c7 {                 sctp chunk init num-inbound-streams @s7 accept          }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il supporto per le opzioni TCP fastopen, md5sig e mptcp.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il supporto per l'utilizzo nei match del sottotipo mp-tcp:            tcp option mptcp subtype 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Il codice di filtraggio che gira nel kernel \u00e8 stato migliorato.\n<li class=\"l\"> Per flowtable \u00e8 stata implementata un supporto completo per il formato JSON.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata fornita la possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare l'azione &#171;reject&#187; nelle operazioni di corrispondenza dei frame Ethernet.            ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff ip daddr 192.168.0.1 reject      <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56739\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 1.0.2 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.17-rc. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.0.2, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b 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