{"id":105257,"date":"2022-10-06T15:36:38","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T13:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-llvm-razvivaet-sredstva-dlya-bezopasnoj-raboty-s-buferami-v-c"},"modified":"2022-10-06T15:36:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T13:36:38","slug":"proekt-llvm-razvivaet-sredstva-dlya-bezopasnoj-raboty-s-buferami-v-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/proekt-llvm-razvivaet-sredstva-dlya-bezopasnoj-raboty-s-buferami-v-c","title":{"rendered":"Il progetto LLVM sviluppa strumenti per lavorare in sicurezza con i buffer in C++.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gli sviluppatori del progetto LLVM hanno proposto una serie di modifiche volte a migliorare la sicurezza dei progetti critici in C++ e a fornire strumenti per escludere errori causati dall'uscita dai limiti consentiti dei buffer. Il lavoro si concentra su due direzioni: fornire un modello di sviluppo che consenta di lavorare in sicurezza con i buffer e lavorare per rafforzare la protezione della libreria standard delle funzioni libc++.    <\/p>\n<p>Il modello di programmazione sicura proposto per C++ prevede l'uso delle classi fornite dalla libreria standard quando si lavora con i buffer, anzich\u00e9 manipolare puntatori grezzi. Ad esempio, si propone di utilizzare le classi std::array, std::vector e std::span, a cui sar\u00e0 aggiunto un controllo dell'uscita dai limiti della memoria allocata, eseguito in fase di runtime.     <\/p>\n<p>Per contrastare pratiche di programmazione pericolose in clang, si propone di generare avvisi del compilatore per tutte le operazioni aritmetiche con puntatori, simili agli avvisi del linter clang-tidy, emessi utilizzando il flag \u00abcppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic\u00bb, il cui supporto sar\u00e0 disponibile nella release LLVM 16. Per attivare tali avvisi in clang, sar\u00e0 aggiunto un flag separato, disattivato di default.    <\/p>\n<p>In libc++ \u00e8 prevista l'implementazione di una modalit\u00e0 opzionale di protezione avanzata; quando attivata, durante l'esecuzione verranno catturate alcune situazioni che portano a comportamenti indefiniti. Ad esempio, nei classi std::span e std::vector verr\u00e0 monitoraccesso oltre il limite dell'area di memoria allocata, il che causer\u00e0 un arresto anomalo del programma. Gli sviluppatori ritengono che l'aggiunta di queste modifiche manterr\u00e0 la conformit\u00e0 di libc++ agli standard C++, poich\u00e9 la scelta del metodo di gestione dei casi di comportamento indefinito spetta agli sviluppatori della libreria, che possono anche interpretare il comportamento indefinito come un errore che richiede l'interruzione del programma.     <\/p>\n<p>Le verifiche eseguite in libc++ verranno suddivise in categorie che potranno essere incluse separatamente. Alcuni dei controlli proposti, che non complicano le operazioni o alterano l'ABI, sono gi\u00e0 stati implementati nel contesto della modalit\u00e0 sicura di libc++ (safe mode).    <\/p>\n<p>In aggiunta, \u00e8 in programma la preparazione di strumenti per la modifica del codice, che consentiranno di sostituire le variabili con puntatori nudi con contenitori e di applicare gestori alternativi in situazioni in cui un contenitore non pu\u00f2 sostituire direttamente un puntatore (ad esempio, la costruzione \u00abif(array_pointer)\u00bb potrebbe essere convertita in \u00abif(span.data()\u00bb). Le modifiche possono essere applicate non solo alle variabili locali, ma anche ai parametri di tipo con puntatori.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57876\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 LLVM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 C++ \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 libc++. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 LLVM \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 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