{"id":105601,"date":"2022-11-16T21:37:02","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T19:37:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dve-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-zashhitu-uefi-secure-boot"},"modified":"2022-11-16T21:37:02","modified_gmt":"2022-11-16T19:37:02","slug":"dve-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-zashhitu-uefi-secure-boot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/dve-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-zashhitu-uefi-secure-boot","title":{"rendered":"Due vulnerabilit\u00e0 in GRUB2 che consentono di eludere la protezione UEFI Secure Boot","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sono state rivelate informazioni su due vulnerabilit\u00e0 nel bootloader GRUB2, che possono portare all'esecuzione di codice utilizzando caratteri formattati in modo specifico e durante l'elaborazione di determinate sequenze Unicode. Le vulnerabilit\u00e0 possono essere sfruttate per eludere il meccanismo di avvio verificato UEFI Secure Boot.        <\/p>\n<p>Vulnerabilit\u00e0 identificate:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2022-2601 \u2014 overflow del buffer nella funzione grub_font_construct_glyph() durante l'elaborazione di caratteri formattati in formato pf2, causato da un calcolo errato del parametro max_glyph_size e dall'allocazione di un'area di memoria nettamente inferiore a quella necessaria per contenere i glifi.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2022-3775 \u2014 scrittura oltre l'area di memoria allocata durante il rendering di alcune sequenze Unicode con un carattere formattato in modo speciale. Il problema \u00e8 presente nel codice di gestione dei caratteri ed \u00e8 causato dalla mancanza di controlli appropriati per verificare che la larghezza e l'altezza del glifo corrispondano alle dimensioni della bitmap esistente. Un attaccante pu\u00f2 progettare un input in modo da causare la scrittura del tail dei dati oltre il buffer allocato. Si osserva che, nonostante la complessit\u00e0 nell'exploitation della vulnerabilit\u00e0, la possibilit\u00e0 di sfruttare il problema per eseguire codice non pu\u00f2 essere esclusa.                <\/ul>\n<p> La correzione \u00e8 stata pubblicata sotto forma di patch. Lo stato di risoluzione delle vulnerabilit\u00e0 nelle distribuzioni pu\u00f2 essere valutato su queste pagine: Ubuntu, SUSE, RHEL, Fedora, Debian. Per risolvere i problemi in GRUB2 non \u00e8 sufficiente aggiornare il pacchetto, ma \u00e8 necessario anche generare nuove firme digitali interne e aggiornare gli installer, i bootloader, i pacchetti del kernel, i firmware fwupd e il layer shim.       <\/p>\n<p>Nella maggior parte delle distribuzioni Linux, per l'avvio verificato in modalit\u00e0 UEFI Secure Boot viene utilizzato un piccolo layer shim, firmato digitalmente da Microsoft. Questo layer verifica GRUB2 con il proprio certificato, consentendo agli sviluppatori delle distribuzioni di non dover firmare ogni aggiornamento del kernel e di GRUB in Microsoft. Le vulnerabilit\u00e0 in GRUB2 consentono di eseguire codice proprio dopo una verifica riuscita di shim, ma prima dell'avvio del sistema operativo, infiltrandosi nella catena di fiducia in modalit\u00e0 Secure Boot attiva e ottenendo il pieno controllo sul processo di avvio, inclusa l'avvio di un altro sistema operativo, la modifica dei componenti del sistema operativo e il bypass delle protezioni Lockdown.     <\/p>\n<p>Per bloccare la vulnerabilit\u00e0 senza revocare la firma digitale, i distributori possono utilizzare il meccanismo SBAT (UEFI Secure Boot Advanced Targeting), il cui supporto \u00e8 stato implementato per GRUB2, shim e fwupd nella maggior parte dei distribuiti Linux. SBAT \u00e8 stato sviluppato congiuntamente a Microsoft e implica l'aggiunta di metadati ai file eseguibili dei componenti UEFI, che includono informazioni sul produttore, prodotto, componente e versione. I metadati indicati sono firmati digitalmente e possono essere inclusi separatamente nelle liste di componenti consentiti o vietati per UEFI Secure Boot.      <\/p>\n<p>SBAT consente di bloccare l'uso della firma digitale per singoli numeri di versione dei componenti senza dover revocare le chiavi per il Secure Boot. Il blocco delle vulnerabilit\u00e0 tramite SBAT non richiede l'uso dell'elenco dei certificati revocati UEFI (dbx), ma avviene a livello di sostituzione della chiave interna per la generazione delle firme e l'aggiornamento di GRUB2, shim e altri artefatti di avvio forniti dai pacchetti. Prima dell'implementazione di SBAT, l'aggiornamento dell'elenco dei certificati revocati (dbx, UEFI Revocation List) era una condizione necessaria per il blocco completo delle vulnerabilit\u00e0, poich\u00e9 un attaccante, indipendentemente dal sistema operativo utilizzato, poteva compromettere il Secure Boot UEFI utilizzando un supporto di avvio con una vecchia versione vulnerabile di GRUB2, certificata con una firma digitale.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58130\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 GRUB2, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 Unicode-\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 UEFI Secure Boot. \u0412\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: CVE-2022-2601 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 grub_font_construct_glyph() \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 pf2, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 GRUB2, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 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potrebbero consentire l'esecuzione di codice tramite l'uso di font appositamente formattati e l'elaborazione di determinate sequenze Unicode.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/dve-uyazvimosti-v-grub2-pozvolyayushhie-obojti-zashhitu-uefi-secure-boot","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 GRUB2, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 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