{"id":107119,"date":"2023-03-06T12:48:15","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T10:48:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107119"},"modified":"2023-03-06T16:13:41","modified_gmt":"2023-03-06T14:13:41","slug":"dlya-izbavleniya-glibc-ot-problemy-2038-goda-predlozheno-prekratit-ispolzovanie-utmp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dlya-izbavleniya-glibc-ot-problemy-2038-goda-predlozheno-prekratit-ispolzovanie-utmp","title":{"rendered":"Per risolvere il problema del 2038 con Glibc, \u00e8 stato proposto di interrompere l'uso di utmp","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Thorsten Kukuk, leader of the Future Technology Team at SUSE, which develops openSUSE MicroOS and SLE Micro, and previously led the SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server project for 10 years, proposed to eliminate the file \/var\/run\/utmp from distributions to fully address the 2038 issue in Glibc. It is suggested that all applications using utmp, wtmp, and lastlog transition to obtaining the user list through systemd-logind.    <\/p>\n<p>On January 19, 2038, the epoch time counters set by the 32-bit type time_t will overflow. In the Glibc library, despite the introduction of the 64-bit type time_t, a 32-bit type time_t continues to be used in some cases on 64-bit platforms for compatibility with 32-bit applications. One such case is the file \/var\/run\/utmp, which stores data about users currently working in the system. The time field in utmp is set using a 32-bit time_t value.     <\/p>\n<p>Non \u00e8 possibile semplicemente sostituire il campo del tempo in utmp da un tipo a 32 bit a uno a 64 bit, poich\u00e9 ci\u00f2 comporterebbe una modifica dell'ABI di Glibc (il tipo nelle funzioni come login(), getutid() e utmpname() cambierebbe) e comprometterebbe la compatibilit\u00e0 con le applicazioni che utilizzano utmp, tra cui w, who, uptime, login, su, sudo, useradd, systemd, sysvinit, tcsh, xterm, gestori di visualizzazione, emacs, openssh, qemu, samba, rsyslog, ecc. A causa del numero elevato di possibili insidie e della complessit\u00e0, l'idea di cambiare la dimensione del tipo time_t in utmp \u00e8 stata scartata dagli sviluppatori di Glibc. Per la stessa ragione, \u00e8 stata scartata l'opzione di utilizzare lo spazio libero esistente nella struttura utmp per aggiungere un ulteriore campo a 64 bit per il tempo.    <\/p>\n<p>Inoltre, modificare la larghezza del tipo in utmp non risolve altri problemi esistenti che si vorrebbero eliminare. Ad esempio, per scrivere in utmp sono necessari diritti speciali, il che comporta la concessione di ulteriori privilegi ai processi. Un altro problema \u00e8 legato al fatto che l'architettura di utmp consente agli utenti locali di effettuare attacchi DoS, che portano a un malfunzionamento del servizio utmp a causa di manipolazioni con i blocchi del file, il che rende impossibile garantire che il contenuto di utmp rifletta lo stato reale del sistema. Per gestire l'accesso a utmp si \u00e8 proposto di utilizzare un ulteriore processo in background, ma per compiti simili esiste gi\u00e0 il processo systemd-logind, e avviare un ulteriore processo specializzato non \u00e8 ragionevole (le applicazioni dovrebbero inviare dati a due gestori contemporaneamente).     <\/p>\n<p>Tuttavia, anche risolvendo il problema degli attacchi DoS, il contenuto di utmp rimane solo informativo, senza garantire un riflesso della realt\u00e0. Ad esempio, diversi emulatori e multiplexer di terminali mostrano il loro stato in modo diverso: l'avvio di cinque terminali GNOME si traduce in un'unica voce utmp per un utente, mentre avviare cinque terminali konsole o xterm in KDE produce sei voci. Allo stesso modo, il comportamento di screen e tmux \u00e8 diverso: nel primo caso, ogni sessione \u00e8 considerata un utente separato, mentre nel secondo viene registrato solo un utente per tutte le sessioni.    <\/p>\n<p>Di conseguenza, come soluzione pi\u00f9 semplice si propone di trasferire tutte le applicazioni all'uso del gi\u00e0 esistente servizio alternativo systemd-logind e, una volta che non ci saranno pi\u00f9 programmi attivi che fanno riferimento a utmp, di interrompere la registrazione in utmp. Per sostituire wtmp, si propone di preparare interfacce di programmazione per la registrazione e lettura delle informazioni sugli utenti tramite systemd-journald. Nella base di codice della prossima versione di systemd 254 sono gi\u00e0 incluse le funzioni necessarie per fornire dati sostitutivi di utmp tramite libsystemd utilizzando l'API sd-login.h o tramite DBUS.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58750\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043a (Thorsten Kukuk), \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SUSE (Future Technology Team, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 openSUSE MicroOS \u0438 SLE Micro), \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \/var\/run\/utmp \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b 2038 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 Glibc. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 utmp, wtmp \u0438 lastlog, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043a (Thorsten Kukuk), \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SUSE (Future Technology Team, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 openSUSE 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con Glibc, \u00e8 stato proposto di interrompere l'uso di utmp | ProHoster","description":"Thorsten Kukuk, leader of the Future Technology Team at SUSE, which develops openSUSE MicroOS and SLE Micro, previously led the SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server project for 10 years. He proposed removing the file \/var\/run\/utmp from distributions to fully resolve the 2038 problem in Glibc. It is suggested that all applications using utmp, wtmp, and lastlog be migrated.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dlya-izbavleniya-glibc-ot-problemy-2038-goda-predlozheno-prekratit-ispolzovanie-utmp","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Glibc \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b 2038 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 utmp | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0422\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u041a\u0443\u043a\u0443\u043a (Thorsten Kukuk), \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 SUSE (Future Technology Team, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 openSUSE MicroOS \u0438 SLE Micro), \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \/var\/run\/utmp \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b 2038 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 Glibc. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 utmp, wtmp \u0438 lastlog, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dlya-izbavleniya-glibc-ot-problemy-2038-goda-predlozheno-prekratit-ispolzovanie-utmp","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2023-03-06T10:48:15+00:00","article:modified_time":"2023-03-06T14:13:41+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":[],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107119\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}