{"id":107725,"date":"2023-04-04T18:48:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-04T16:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107725"},"modified":"2023-04-04T19:05:53","modified_gmt":"2023-04-04T17:05:53","slug":"tretij-prototip-platformy-alp-idushhej-na-smenu-suse-linux-enterprise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/tretij-prototip-platformy-alp-idushhej-na-smenu-suse-linux-enterprise","title":{"rendered":"Il terzo prototipo della piattaforma ALP, che sostituisce SUSE Linux Enterprise","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f SUSE \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b ALP &#171;Piz Bernina&#187; (Adaptable Linux Platform), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 SUSE Linux Enterprise. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c ALP \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e &#171;host OS&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445.  ALP \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c.         <\/p>\n<p>Il terzo prototipo include due rami separati, che attualmente sono simili nelle funzioni, ma in futuro si svilupperanno in direzioni diverse e offriranno servizi differenti. Per i test \u00e8 disponibile il ramo Bedrock, focalizzato sull'uso in sistemi server, e il ramo Micro, progettato per costruire sistemi cloud-native e avviare microservizi. Le build pronte sono preparate per l'architettura x86_64 (Bedrock, Micro). Inoltre, sono disponibili script di build (Bedrock, Micro) per le architetture Aarch64, PPC64le e s390x.    <\/p>\n<p>L'architettura di ALP si basa sullo sviluppo di un ambiente 'host OS', minimamente necessario per il supporto e la gestione dell'hardware. Tutte le applicazioni e i componenti dello spazio utente sono suggeriti per essere eseguiti non in un ambiente misto, ma in contenitori separati o in <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchine virtuali\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4275\">macchine virtuali<\/a>, eseguiti sopra l'&#171;host OS&#187; e isolati gli uni dagli altri. Questa organizzazione permetter\u00e0 agli utenti di concentrarsi sulle applicazioni e di astrarre i flussi di lavoro, separandoli dall'ambiente di sistema a basso livello e dall'hardware.      <\/p>\n<p>Come base per l'&#171;host OS&#187; viene utilizzato il prodotto SLE Micro, basato sui risultati del progetto MicroOS. Per la gestione centralizzata sono proposti sistemi di gestione delle configurazioni Salt (gi\u00e0 installato) e Ansible (opzionale). Per l'esecuzione di contenitori isolati sono disponibili strumenti come Podman e K3s (Kubernetes). Tra i componenti di sistema portati nei contenitori ci sono yast2, podman, k3s, cockpit, GDM (GNOME Display Manager) e KVM.     <\/p>\n<p>Tra le caratteristiche dell'ambiente di sistema si menziona l'uso predefinito della crittografia del disco (FDE, Full Disk Encryption) con la possibilit\u00e0 di memorizzare le chiavi nel TPM. La partizione principale viene montata in modalit\u00e0 di sola lettura e non viene modificata durante il funzionamento. Nell'ambiente viene utilizzato un meccanismo di installazione atomica degli aggiornamenti. A differenza degli aggiornamenti atomici basati su ostree e snap, utilizzati in Fedora e Ubuntu, in ALP, invece di costruire singole immagini atomiche e distribuire un'infrastruttura di consegna aggiuntiva, vengono utilizzati il gestore di pacchetti di sistema e meccanismi di snapshot nel filesystem Btrfs.     <\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 previsto un modo configurabile per l'installazione automatica degli aggiornamenti (ad esempio, \u00e8 possibile abilitare l'installazione automatica solo per le patch di vulnerabilit\u00e0 critiche o tornare alla conferma manuale dell'installazione degli aggiornamenti). Per aggiornare il kernel Linux senza riavvio e interruzione del servizio, sono supportati i live patch. Per garantire la resilienza del sistema (self-healing), viene effettuata la registrazione dello stato stabile pi\u00f9 recente tramite snapshot Btrfs (in caso di anomalie dopo l'applicazione di aggiornamenti o modifiche delle impostazioni, il sistema viene automaticamente riportato allo stato precedente).    <\/p>\n<p>Nella piattaforma viene utilizzato un stack software multi-versione: grazie all'uso dei container, \u00e8 possibile utilizzare contemporaneamente diverse versioni di strumenti e applicazioni. Ad esempio, \u00e8 possibile eseguire applicazioni che dipendono da diverse versioni di Python, Java e Node.js, separando le dipendenze incompatibili tra loro. Le dipendenze di base sono fornite sotto forma di set BCI (Base Container Images). L'utente pu\u00f2 creare, aggiornare ed eliminare stack software senza influenzare altri ambienti.    <\/p>\n<p>Per l'installazione si utilizza l'installer D-Installer, in cui l'interfaccia utente \u00e8 separata dai componenti interni di YaST e offre la possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare vari frontend, incluso un frontend per la gestione dell'installazione tramite interfaccia web. \u00c8 supportato l'esecuzione dei clienti YaST (bootloader, iSCSIClient, Kdump, firewall, ecc.) in contenitori separati.       <\/p>\n<p>Principali cambiamenti nel terzo prototipo ALP:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Fornire un ambiente di esecuzione fidato (Trusted Execution Environment) per calcoli riservati, che consente di elaborare in modo sicuro i dati utilizzando isolamento, crittografia e.  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/\"   title=\"di macchine virtuali\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2154\">di macchine virtuali<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Applicazione di attestazione hardware e runtime per verificare l'integrit\u00e0 delle attivit\u00e0 in esecuzione.\n<li class=\"l\"> Base per il supporto delle macchine virtuali riservate (CVM, Confidential Virtual Machine).\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrazione del supporto per la piattaforma NeuVector per il controllo della sicurezza dei contenitori, l'identificazione di componenti vulnerabili e il rilevamento di attivit\u00e0 dannose.\n<li class=\"l\"> Supporto per l'architettura s390x oltre a x86_64 e aarch64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Possibilit\u00e0 di attivare la crittografia a disco completo (FDE, Full Disk Encryption) durante l'installazione, con memorizzazione delle chiavi in TPMv2 e senza necessit\u00e0 di immettere una passphrase al primo avvio. Supporto equivalente sia per la crittografia delle partizioni standard che per le partizioni LVM (Logical Volume Manager).    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58917\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f SUSE \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b ALP &#171;Piz Bernina&#187; (Adaptable Linux Platform), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 SUSE Linux Enterprise. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c ALP \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e &#171;host OS&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445. 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