{"id":111523,"date":"2023-11-15T15:10:13","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T13:10:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization"},"modified":"2023-11-15T15:10:13","modified_gmt":"2023-11-15T13:10:13","slug":"uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilit\u00e0 nella CPU AMD che consente di bypassare il meccanismo di protezione SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I ricercatori del Centro Helmholtz per la Sicurezza Informatica (CISPA) hanno pubblicato un nuovo metodo di attacco chiamato CacheWarp, in grado di compromettere il meccanismo di protezione AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), utilizzato nei sistemi di virtualizzazione per proteggere le macchine virtuali da interferenze da parte del hypervisor o dell\u2019amministratore del sistema host. Il metodo proposto consente a un aggressore con accesso al hypervisor di eseguire codice esterno e ottenere privilegi elevati in una macchina virtuale protetta tramite AMD SEV.        <\/p>\n<p>L'attacco si basa su una vulnerabilit\u00e0 (CVE-2023-20592) causata da una gestione errata della cache durante l'esecuzione dell'istruzione del processore INVD, che consente di ottenere incoerenza tra i dati in memoria e nella cache, bypassando i meccanismi di integrit\u00e0 della memoria delle macchine virtuali implementati tramite le estensioni SEV-ES e SEV-SNP. La vulnerabilit\u00e0 interessa i processori AMD EPYC dalla prima alla terza generazione.       <\/p>\n<p>Per i processori AMD EPYC di terza generazione (Zen 3), il problema \u00e8 stato risolto nell'aggiornamento del microcodice di novembre rilasciato ieri da AMD (la correzione non porta a una riduzione delle prestazioni). Per la prima e la seconda generazione di AMD EPYC (Zen 1 e Zen 2), non \u00e8 prevista alcuna protezione, poich\u00e9 questi CPU non supportano l'estensione SEV-SNP, che garantisce il controllo dell'integrit\u00e0. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/\"   title=\"di macchine virtuali\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2102\">di macchine virtuali<\/a>. La quarta generazione di processori AMD AMD EPYC \u00abGenoa\u00bb basata sull'architettura \u00abZen 4\u00bb \u00e8 immune a vulnerabilit\u00e0.          <\/p>\n<p>La tecnologia AMD SEV viene utilizzata per l'isolamento delle macchine virtuali da parte di fornitori di cloud come Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure e Oracle Compute Infrastructure (OCI). La protezione AMD SEV \u00e8 implementata tramite la crittografia a livello hardware della memoria delle macchine virtuali. Inoltre, grazie all'estensione SEV-ES (Encrypted State), viene protetto anche il registro del CPU. Solo il sistema operativo guest attuale pu\u00f2 accedere ai dati decrittografati, mentre gli altri <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchine virtuali\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4223\">macchine virtuali<\/a> e l'hypervisor, nel tentativo di accedere a questa memoria, ricevono un insieme di dati crittografati.       <\/p>\n<p>Nella terza generazione di processori AMD EPYC \u00e8 stata implementata una nuova estensione SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), che garantisce un funzionamento sicuro con le tabelle di pagine di memoria annidate. Oltre alla crittografia della memoria e all'isolamento dei registri, SEV-SNP include ulteriori strumenti per proteggere l'integrit\u00e0 della memoria, impedendo qualsiasi modifica alle VM da parte dell'ipervisore. La gestione delle chiavi di crittografia avviene attraverso un processore PSP (Platform Security Processor) integrato nel chip, basato su architettura ARM.     <\/p>\n<p>Il metodo di attacco proposto utilizza l'istruzione INVD per invalidare le righe nei cache delle pagine sporche senza scrivere i dati accumulati in memoria (write-back). In questo modo, il metodo consente di espellere i dati modificati dalla cache senza alterare lo stato della memoria. Per eseguire l'attacco, si suggerisce di utilizzare eccezioni software (fault injection) per interrompere il funzionamento della macchina virtuale in due punti: nel primo punto, l'attaccante richiama l'istruzione \u00abwbnoinvd\u00bb per scrivere in memoria tutte le operazioni di scrittura accumulate nella cache, mentre nel secondo punto richiama l'istruzione \u00abinvd\u00bb per riportare le operazioni di scrittura non riflesse in memoria al loro stato precedente.      <\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 stato pubblicato un prototipo di exploit per verificare la vulnerabilit\u00e0 dei sistemi, che consente di eseguire la sostituzione dell'eccezione in una macchina virtuale protetta tramite AMD SEV e di riportare a uno stato precedente le modifiche non scritte in memoria nella VM. Il ripristino delle modifiche pu\u00f2 essere utilizzato per alterare il flusso di esecuzione del programma ripristinando un vecchio indirizzo di ritorno nello stack o per utilizzare i parametri di un vecchio sessione per la quale era stata eseguita in precedenza l'autenticazione, restituendo il valore del flag di autenticazione.      <\/p>\n<p>Ad esempio, i ricercatori hanno dimostrato la possibilit\u00e0 di applicare il metodo CacheWarp per effettuare un attacco Bellcore all'implementazione dell'algoritmo RSA-CRT nella libreria ipp-crypto, permettendo il ripristino della chiave privata attraverso la sostituzione degli errori durante il calcolo della firma digitale. \u00c8 stato anche dimostrato come \u00e8 possibile alterare i parametri di verifica della sessione in OpenSSH durante la connessione remota al sistema ospite, e poi modificare lo stato della verifica durante l'esecuzione dell'utilit\u00e0 sudo per ottenere i privilegi di root su Ubuntu 20.04. L'exploit \u00e8 stato testato su sistemi con processori AMD EPYC 7252, 7313P e 7443.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60118\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CISPA) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 CacheWarp, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-111523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CISPA) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 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AMD, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0413\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CISPA) \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 CacheWarp, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 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nella CPU AMD che consente di bypassare il meccanismo di protezione SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization) | ProHoster","description":"I ricercatori del Centro Helmholtz per la Sicurezza delle Informazioni (CISPA) hanno pubblicato un nuovo metodo d'attacco chiamato CacheWarp, che consente di compromettere il meccanismo di protezione AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), utilizzato nei sistemi di virtualizzazione per proteggere le macchine virtuali da interferenze da parte dell'ipervisor o dell'amministratore del sistema host. Il metodo proposto consente a un attaccante con accesso all'ipervisor di eseguire codice esterno e di ottenere privilegi elevati nella macchina virtuale.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-v-cpu-amd-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-mehanizm-zashhity-sev-secure-encrypted-virtualization","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 CPU AMD, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f 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