{"id":115726,"date":"2024-05-13T13:52:06","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-9"},"modified":"2024-05-13T13:52:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:52:06","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-9","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del kernel Linux 6.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dopo due mesi di sviluppo, Linus Torvalds ha presentato il rilascio del kernel Linux 6.9. Tra le modifiche pi\u00f9 significative: il modulo dm-vdo per la deduplicazione e la compressione dei dispositivi di blocco, la modalit\u00e0 di accesso diretto ai file in FUSE, il supporto per la creazione di pidfd per singoli thread, il meccanismo dei token BPF, il supporto per Rust su sistemi ARM64, il passaggio del filesystem Ext2 alla categoria obsoleta, la rimozione del vecchio driver NTFS, e il supporto per il meccanismo Intel FRED.        <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15680 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2106 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432,  \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 54 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 11825 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 687954 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 225344 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a).  \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 15641 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 2018 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 44 \u041c\u0411.  \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 42% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 6.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 17% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 13% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 7% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 4% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.      <\/p>\n<p>Le novit\u00e0 principali nel kernel 6.9:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sottosistema disco, I\/O e file system<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nel Device Mapper (DM) \u00e8 stato aggiunto un nuovo gestore dm-vdo (virtual data optimizer), che consente di realizzare un dispositivo a blocchi virtuale basato su dispositivi a blocchi esistenti, con funzionalit\u00e0 come deduplicazione dei dati duplicati, compressione dei dati, esclusione dei blocchi vuoti e aumento delle dimensioni del dispositivo a blocchi man mano che si rende necessario (thin provisioning). Queste funzionalit\u00e0 vengono implementate a livello del dispositivo a blocchi e non dipendono dal file system utilizzato (ad esempio, con dm-vdo \u00e8 possibile realizzare l'unione automatica di dati duplicati e memorizzare informazioni in forma compressa per qualsiasi FS). \u00c8 supportato l'uso di dm-vdo per archiviazioni fisiche fino a 256TB e la creazione di volumi logici fino a 4PB. Per la gestione delle partizioni vdo, si consiglia di utilizzare lvm. La tecnologia VDO \u00e8 stata sviluppata da Permabit ed \u00e8 stata resa open source dopo la sua acquisizione da parte di Red Hat nel 2017.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 FUSE, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f  \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430  \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 &#171;passthrough&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.  \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, FUSE-\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u0421, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 FUSE.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato deprecato il driver con implementazione del file system Ext2. La motivazione \u00e8 il supporto solo di contatori di tempo a 32 bit nell'inode, che andranno in overflow il 19 gennaio 2038. Si consiglia di utilizzare il driver ext4, che supporta il funzionamento con il file system Ext2 ed \u00e8 completamente compatibile, ma pu\u00f2 utilizzare nei partizioni ext2 timestamp che non sono soggetti al problema del 2038, se il file system \u00e8 stato creato con inode di dimensioni superiori a 255 byte (nel driver ext2, i contatori di tempo a 32 bit venivano utilizzati indipendentemente dalla dimensione dell'inode).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato rimosso il vecchio driver del file system NTFS, sostituito dal nuovo driver NTFS3 a partire dalla versione 5.15. La presenza di due driver per la realizzazione di NTFS nel kernel \u00e8 considerata non necessaria, dato che il vecchio driver non \u00e8 stato aggiornato da anni, \u00e8 in cattive condizioni e pu\u00f2 funzionare solo in modalit\u00e0 di sola lettura.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nei file system zonefs e hugetlbfs \u00e8 stata aggiunta la supporto per il mapping degli identificatori degli utenti dei file system montati, utilizzato per associare i file di un determinato utente su una partizione montata di un altro utente nel sistema attuale.\n<li class=\"l\"> In NFSv4, per gli amministratori \u00e8 stata fornita la possibilit\u00e0 di cancellare gli stati di apertura e blocco dei file.\n<li class=\"l\"> Per il file system Ext4 si segnala solo la correzione di errori e l'aggiornamento dei test kunit.\n<li class=\"l\"> In Btrfs \u00e8 proseguita la conversione delle funzioni all'uso dei folios di pagina della memoria.\n<li class=\"l\">  Nella file system XFS \u00e8 proseguito il lavoro per implementare la possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare l'utility fsck per controllare e correggere eventuali problemi in modalit\u00e0 online, senza smontare il file system.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nella chiamata di sistema pwritev2() \u00e8 stato aggiunto il flag RWF_NOAPPEND, che consente di specificare un offset per la scrittura, anche se il file \u00e8 stato aperto in modalit\u00e0 append solo.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 ioctl-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b:  FS_IOC_GETUUID &#8212; \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 UUID-\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0438  FS_IOC_GETFSSYSFSPATH &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432  \/sys\/fs \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421.\n<li class=\"l\"> I file system efs, qnx4 e coda sono stati convertiti per utilizzare la nuova API di montaggio delle partizioni.\n<li class=\"l\"> Migliorata l'implementazione delle operazioni sui file eseguite in modalit\u00e0 senza distinzione tra maiuscole e minuscole. Le prestazioni sono state ottimizzate confrontando inizialmente con distinzione di maiuscole e minuscole e tornando al confronto senza distinzione. Risolti i problemi durante il montaggio di overlayfs su directory per cui \u00e8 stata attivata la modalit\u00e0 senza distinzione tra maiuscole e minuscole.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memoria e servizi di sistema<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementato il supporto per il meccanismo Intel FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery), creato per aumentare l'efficienza e l'affidabilit\u00e0 nella consegna delle informazioni sugli eventi a basso livello, rispetto al meccanismo attualmente in uso, IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table). Il miglioramento delle prestazioni e la riduzione dei ritardi sono garantiti dal ritorno degli eventi tramite l'istruzione del processore IRET anzich\u00e9 dalla trasmissione degli eventi attraverso la tabella IDT. L'affidabilit\u00e0 aumentata \u00e8 dovuta alla gestione separata della ricezione degli eventi nel contesto del kernel e nel contesto utente, alla protezione contro l'esecuzione nidificata di NMI e al salvataggio in un frame di stack esteso di tutti i registri CPU associati all'eccezione.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la possibilit\u00e0 di ottimizzare l'accesso ai dati di specifici core CPU utilizzando gli spazi di indirizzi nominati (Named Address Spaces) nel codice, implementati in GCC come un'estensione di GNU C.\n<li class=\"l\"> Alla funzione pidfd_open() \u00e8 stato aggiunto il flag PIDFD_THREAD, che consente di creare un pidfd per singoli thread, non solo di utilizzare pidfd nel contesto del leader del gruppo di thread. \u00c8 stata anche proposta un'implementazione di un pseudo-filesystem per accedere al pidfd attraverso un filesystem virtuale. A differenza dell'identificazione dei processi tramite pid, l'identificatore pidfd \u00e8 legato a un processo specifico e non cambia, mentre il PID, dopo il completamento del processo corrente, pu\u00f2 essere assegnato a un altro processo.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nel sottosistema BPF \u00e8 stato aggiunto un meccanismo di token BPF, che consente di delegare selettivamente ai programmi i diritti di accesso alle operazioni BPF privilegiate; ad esempio, \u00e8 possibile fornire a un'applicazione non privilegiata l'accesso a sottosistemi BPF specifici senza concedere i diritti completi CAP_BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nel sottosistema BPF \u00e8 stato aggiunto un nuovo tipo di memoria condivisa bpf_arena, che definisce l'area accessibile per la condivisione tra i programmi BPF e i processi nello spazio utente. \u00c8 stata aggiunta l'istruzione may_goto, che consente di organizzare il funzionamento dei cicli, che possono essere interrotti dal verificatore. \u00c8 stata aggiunta la possibilit\u00e0 di generare cookie TCP SYN arbitrarie dai programmi BPF e di creare gestori BPF per combattere il SYN flood.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Rust-for-Linux, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 ARM.  \u041e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 Rust 1.76. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441 &#8216;container_of!&#8217;. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8216;ptr_metadata&#8217; \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 &#8216;byte_sub&#8217;. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c  &#8216;time&#8217; \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 &#8216;msecs_to_jiffies()&#8217;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nel sottosistema io_uring \u00e8 stata aggiunta la possibilit\u00e0 di troncare file (ftruncate_file).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto un nuovo tipo di code di lavoro WQ_BH (workqueue Bottom Halves) per l'esecuzione asincrona di codice nel contesto delle interruzioni software, mirato a essere utilizzato al posto dei vecchi tasklet.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata notevolmente ristrutturata la sottosistema di gestione dei timer, migliorando la logica per la selezione del core CPU attivo per l'esecuzione del timer attivato, evitando di risvegliare core inattivi.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (EM, Energy Model) \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c CPU. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 em_cpu_energy(), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432 1.43 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 RockPi 4B  &#8212; \u0432 1.69 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il supporto per l'avvio di sistemi basati su architettura ARM64 in modalit\u00e0 LPA2 con uno spazio di indirizzamento virtuale a 52 bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Per i sistemi ARM64 \u00e8 stato implementato il supporto per scritture continue PTE (Page Table Entry), aumentando le prestazioni grazie a un uso pi\u00f9 efficiente del TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer).\n<li class=\"l\"> Sono stati adottati patch per migliorare le prestazioni del sottosistema di gestione della memoria riducendo la possibilit\u00e0 di blocchi concorrenti in vmalloc().\n<li class=\"l\"> Per l'architettura LoongArch \u00e8 stato implementato un meccanismo di hot patching del kernel (live patching) che consente di applicare correzioni al kernel senza dover riavviare.\n<li class=\"l\"> Per i sistemi RISC-V \u00e8 stato implementato il supporto per la chiamata di sistema membarrier(), che consente di impostare barriere di memoria per i thread in esecuzione nel sistema.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sono stati elevati i requisiti per la versione di LLVM\/Clang utilizzabile per la compilazione del kernel. Ora \u00e8 richiesta una versione minima di LLVM 13.0.1 (in precedenza era supportata la compilazione con LLVM 11+).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;User trace events&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 (USER_EVENT_REG_MULTI_FORMAT).\n<li class=\"l\"> Il meccanismo di tracciamento delle chiamate alle funzioni ora consente di monitorare lo stato degli argomenti in ingresso durante il tracciamento dell'uscita dalla funzione. I valori dell'operatore return possono ora essere associati agli argomenti utilizzati durante la chiamata della funzione.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 perf \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#171;cluster&#187; (&#171;perf stat -a &#8212;per-cluster&#187;) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libcapstone \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 (&#171;perf script -F disasm&#187;). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 perf report&#8217; \u0438 &#8216;perf annotate&#8217;.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizzazione e sicurezza<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 RFDS (Register File Data Sampling) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Intel Atom, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437  \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 (RF,  Register File)  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 CPU. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438  \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 VERW \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#171;reg_file_data_sampling=on&#187;. \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 &#171;\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/vulnerabilities\/reg_file_data_sampling&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f  AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging),   \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a &#171;undeSErVed&#187; \u0438  &#171;SEVerity&#187; \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b AMD EPYC, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization). \u0412 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4384\">KVM<\/a> Le modifiche necessarie per l'utilizzo di SNP sono previste nella branca 6.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> I moduli che implementano le tecnologie IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) e EVM (Extended Verification Module) sono stati adattati per utilizzare il framework LSM (Linux Security Modules), il che ha semplificato notevolmente il codice senza compromettere le funzionalit\u00e0, unendo le funzionalit\u00e0 duplicate e sfruttando le capacit\u00e0 standard disponibili tramite LSM. Il modulo IMA \u00e8 progettato per verificare l'integrit\u00e0 dei componenti di sistema operativo attraverso firme digitali e hash. Il modulo EVM protegge gli attributi estesi dei file (xattrs) da attacchi volti a comprometterne l'integrit\u00e0 (EVM impedisce attacchi offline, in cui un aggressore potrebbe modificare i metadati, ad esempio avviando dal proprio dispositivo).\n<li class=\"l\"> Riprogettate per una maggiore compatibilit\u00e0 con gli ambienti a 32 bit, le chiamate di sistema lsm_list_modules(), lsm_get_self_attr() e lsm_set_self_attr(), destinate a restituire l'elenco dei moduli LSM caricati (Linux Security Modules) e a ottenere\/impostare gli attributi del modulo LSM. La modifica compromette la retrocompatibilit\u00e0, ma poich\u00e9 nuove chiamate di sistema sono state aggiunte nell'ultima versione del kernel e non vengono ancora utilizzate nelle applicazioni, Linus Torvalds ha ritenuto che la modifica fosse accettabile.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 UBSAN (Undefined Behavior Sanitizer). \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044e  2n \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 (&#171;wrap-around&#187;) \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 &#171;-fno-strict-overflow&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e &#171;wrap-around&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. GCC \u0438 Clang \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 &#171;-fno-strict-overflow&#187; \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435  UBSAN \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438.\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 &#171;var + offset < var\" (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \"if (pgoff + (size &gt; PAGE_SHIFT) < pgoff){..}\"), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \"-fno-strict-overflow\" \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 UBSAN \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 2021 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 UBSAN \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 __signed_wrap \u0438 __unsigned_wrap, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438    add_would_overflow(a, b) \u0438  add_wrap(a, b), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439  \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u043e\u043c.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sottosistema di rete<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a (&#171;lock contention&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c). \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a RTNL.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la possibilit\u00e0 di attivare il supporto per il busy polling in contesti di singole chiamate epoll. Le dimensioni del pool e i parametri di budget possono essere impostati separatamente dai parametri di sistema predefiniti.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata implementata la struttura net_hotdata per migliorare l'efficienza della cache delle variabili di configurazione di rete pi\u00f9 frequentemente utilizzate.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 MPTCP \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0412 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 MCTP \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (&#171;network ID&#187;), \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 MCTP.\n<li class=\"l\"> In IPSec \u00e8 stato aggiunto il supporto per il reindirizzamento dei messaggi ICMP con informazioni sugli errori (RFC 4301).\n<li class=\"l\"> Il processo di scansione dei percorsi con scadenza \u00e8 stato accelerato.\n<li class=\"l\"> Le prestazioni di XDP sono state migliorate grazie a una rigorosa evitazione dell'allocazione di grandi blocchi di memoria.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la possibilit\u00e0 di allegare metadati ai messaggi netconsole.\n<li class=\"l\"> In Netfilter, it's possible to define user space tables that are bound to the controlling background process and are not automatically deleted after the user application terminates.\n<li class=\"l\"> In nftables, the addition of elements to set sets with merged ranges has been accelerated.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Attrezzature<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> In the i915 driver, work continues on implementing support for Intel LunarLake (Xe 2) chips. New PCI identifiers have been added for devices based on Intel Arrow Lake and Alder Lake N chips. Displayport support has been added for tunneling (DP tunneling) and bandwidth allocation. Fastboot mode has been enabled for all platforms. Debug output support has been added tied to individual devices.\n<li class=\"l\"> In the AMDGPU driver, preparations have been made for the support of AMD RDNA3.5 and RDNA4 GPUs. Support has been added for ATHUB 4.1, LSDMA 7.0, JPEG DPG, IH 7.0, HDP 7.0, VCN 5.0, SMU 13.0.6, NBIO 7.11, SDMA 6.1, MMHUB 3.3, DCN 3.5.1, NBIF 6.3.1, VPE 6.1.1, and the RAS ACA framework. The kernel module has added the freesync_video parameter to enable experimental support for optimizing video mode switching using FreeSync adaptive synchronization technology.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nel driver Nouveau, il codice di gestione dello schermo \u00e8 stato trasferito all'utilizzo della funzione kmemdup().\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 proseguito il lavoro sul driver drm (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe per GPU basate sull'architettura Intel Xe, utilizzata nelle schede grafiche Intel della famiglia Arc e nella grafica integrata a partire dai processori Tiger Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunto il driver DRM per i chip Mediatek MT8188 VDOSYS1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Le impostazioni del kernel legate ai sottosistemi video sono state trasferite nella sezione CONFIG_VIDEO.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunta supporto per SoC ARM64: Mediatek MT7981B (Filogic 820), MT7988A (Filogic 880), NXP i.MX8DXP, Renesas R8A779G2 (R-Car V4H ES2.0), R8A779H0 (R-Car V4M), TI J722S.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunto supporto per piattaforme e dispositivi ARM: telefoni Android basati su chip Tegra30, modelli Chromebook basati su Mediatek MT8186, NAS, tablet e console di gioco basate su Rockchips RK35xx, schede White Hawk basate su SoC Renesas, schede basate su Qualcomm SM8550 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 2), Apalis Evaluation Board, Sielaff i.MX6 Solo Board, Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 10.1 LTE.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata effettuata una rifattorizzazione del codice del sottosistema audio ALSA. Aggiunta la compatibilit\u00e0 con i sistemi audio Microchip SAM9x7, NXP i.MX95 e Qualcomm WCD939x. Nel driver SoundWire \u00e8 stata implementata la supporto per ASoC con i coprocessori audio AMD ACP 6.3, mentre per i sistemi Intel \u00e8 stata realizzata la modalit\u00e0 DSPless. Aggiunta la compatibilit\u00e0 con codec audio aggiuntivi Cirrus HD. Nel driver virtio \u00e8 stato migliorato il controllo dei dispositivi audio.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunta la compatibilit\u00e0 con i controller Ethernet Marvell Octeon PCI Endpoint NIC VF e Intel E825-C 100G.            <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b  \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 6.9 &#8212; Linux-libre 6.9-gnu, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442  \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 6.9 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 amdgpu, ath12k, adreno, btusb \u0438 r8169. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 ptp_fc3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 dts-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445 (devicetree) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b Aarch64. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 i915, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61160\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.9. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c dm-vdo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0432 FUSE, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f pidfd \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c BPF-\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 ARM64, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0424\u0421 Ext2 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 NTFS, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.9.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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