{"id":120574,"date":"2024-11-15T01:09:07","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T23:09:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/katalog-pypi-vnedril-novuyu-sistemu-proverki-podlinnosti-paketov"},"modified":"2024-11-15T01:09:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T23:09:08","slug":"katalog-pypi-vnedril-novuyu-sistemu-proverki-podlinnosti-paketov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/katalog-pypi-vnedril-novuyu-sistemu-proverki-podlinnosti-paketov","title":{"rendered":"Il catalogo PyPI ha implementato un nuovo sistema di autenticazione dei pacchetti.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gli sviluppatori del repository di pacchetti Python PyPI (Python Package Index) hanno annunciato l'implementazione del supporto per un meccanismo di attestazione digitale per la verifica dell'autenticit\u00e0 dei pacchetti pubblicati, che sostituisce la verifica tramite firme PGP. La principale differenza dell'attestazione \u00e8 che la pubblicazione di un pacchetto \u00e8 convalidata non dallo sviluppatore, ma da una terza parte (il catalogo dei pacchetti) dopo aver confermato l'accuratezza della pubblicazione tramite un fornitore esterno di OpenID Connect (ad esempio, dopo aver verificato che il pacchetto pubblicato corrisponde al repository associato su GitHub o GitLab).      <\/p>\n<p>Il sistema di attestazione elimina le carenze associate al meccanismo di verifica delle firme PGP, che era stato precedentemente dichiarato obsoleto su PyPI. Questa soluzione \u00e8 stata adottata a causa di problemi nel verificare la propriet\u00e0 delle chiavi PGP pubbliche utilizzate per convalidare le firme digitali \u2014 di 1069 chiavi PGP utilizzate dal 2020 per la generazione di firme in PyPI, il 29% delle chiavi pubbliche mancava in importanti registri pubblici. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/server\/dts-gdansk\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4566\">server<\/a> chiavi, e il 35% delle chiavi si \u00e8 rivelato impossibile da verificare durante l'audit. Tuttavia, il 36% delle chiavi PGP confermate copriva solo lo 0,3% di tutti i file firmati.       <\/p>\n<p>Nel nuovo sistema, le firme utilizzate per attestare i pacchetti vengono create con chiavi effimere a breve termine, generate sulla base dei diritti confermati dai provider OpenID Connect. Al momento della generazione delle chiavi necessarie per creare la firma digitale, lo sviluppatore si identifica tramite il provider OpenID, che conferma la sua connessione con il progetto principale. L'infrastruttura per l'attestazione digitale \u00e8 costruita utilizzando il sistema Sigstore e il framework di attestazione in-toto.    <\/p>\n<p>Fra i vantaggi dell'attestazione vi \u00e8 l'assenza di legame con chiavi PGP permanenti \u2014 la perdita o la compromissione della chiave privata distrugge la fiducia nei messaggi firmati basati su di essa, mentre nell'attestazione la firma \u00e8 generata in connessione con un token che conferma le autorizzazioni al momento della pubblicazione del pacchetto e il collegamento del pacchetto con il repository principale del codice. Ad esempio, durante la pubblicazione di un pacchetto preparato tramite GitHub Action, l'attestazione definisce il legame verificabile e convalidato tra il file caricato in PyPI, il repository, il processo workflow e l'hash del commit da cui \u00e8 stato generato il pacchetto.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Il catalogo PyPI ha implementato un nuovo sistema di autenticazione dei pacchetti.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2dd01380b44847a51dc2452083466b22.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>      <\/p>\n<p>Per monitorare l'autenticit\u00e0 delle chiavi e identificare possibili compromissioni, viene utilizzato un registro pubblico centralizzato per la creazione di pacchetti da parte dei progetti e di PyPI stesso, per garantire l'integrit\u00e0 e proteggere contro la manipolazione dei dati retroattiva, in cui \u00e8 coinvolta la struttura 'Albero di Merkle' (Merkle Tree, ogni ramo verifica tutti i rami e i nodi sottostanti grazie all'hashing ad albero).      <\/p>\n<p>In aggiunta, si segnala l'individuazione di un pacchetto malevolo nel catalogo PyPI, chiamato 'fabrice', che si mascherava sotto una popolare libreria 'fabric' utilizzando il type squatting (assegnazione di nomi simili, differenziati da singoli caratteri, ad esempio, exampl invece di example, djangoo invece di django, pyhton invece di python, ecc.) e ha registrato 201 milioni di download (7 milioni di download lo scorso mese). Il pacchetto malevolo era rimasto inosservato dal 2021 e da allora era stato scaricato oltre 37.000 volte.     <\/p>\n<p>Il pacchetto 'fabrice' ripeteva la funzionalit\u00e0 di base della libreria originale ed includeva ulteriormente codice per identificare e inviare a host esterni chiavi di accesso ad AWS (Amazon Web Services), installare un backdoor e eseguire determinati script. Attivazione dei componenti dannosi avveniva su Linux e Windows. Su Linux, i file associati ad attivit\u00e0 malevole venivano caricati nella directory ~\/.local\/bin\/vscode.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62234\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f Python-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 PyPI (Python Package Index) \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 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