{"id":121189,"date":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","slug":"kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Collisioni negli identificatori abbreviati dei commit nel kernel Linux.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kees Cook, ex amministratore di sistema chief di kernel.org e leader del team di sicurezza di Ubuntu, ha mostrato la possibilit\u00e0 di creare un commit il cui identificatore abbreviato corrisponde a un commit gi\u00e0 aggiunto al kernel Linux. L'esperimento \u00e8 stato condotto come conferma della fattibilit\u00e0 del passaggio a identificatori abbreviati per i commit di 16 caratteri nel kernel Linux, precedentemente discusso nella mailing list degli sviluppatori del kernel, ma non approvato da Linus Torvalds.    <\/p>\n<p>Gli identificatori abbreviati dei commit sono generati mantenendo i primi 12 caratteri dell'hash SHA-1 (48 bit su 160 bit). Poich\u00e9 il numero di oggetti nel kernel identificati tramite hash SHA-1 ha superato i 13 milioni, l'emergere di collisioni utilizzando prefissi di 12 caratteri \u00e8 diventato un problema di tempo. Vengono mostrati oggetti gi\u00e0 aggiunti al kernel che si sovrappongono nei loro identificatori di 11 caratteri. Inoltre, viene menzionato che l'intersezione di identificatori di 12 caratteri era gi\u00e0 stata registrata a ottobre, ma \u00e8 stata rilevata dallo strumento checkpatch prima dell'invio della patch.      <\/p>\n<p>Gli identificatori abbreviati vengono utilizzati quando si pubblicano link brevi ai commit e sono anche indicati quando si inviano modifiche nel tag \u00abFixes\u00bb come riferimento al commit che ha risolto il problema nel patch inviato (ad esempio, \u00abFixes: e21d2170f366\u00bb). Il verificarsi di collisioni, in cui diverse modifiche si collegano a un unico identificatore abbreviato, pu\u00f2 portare a malfunzionamenti degli strumenti di analisi e verifica delle modifiche che considerano i contenuti dei tag \u00abFixes\u00bb. Ad esempio, questi tag sono considerati nel gestore check_fixes, utilizzato nel ramo linux-next, cos\u00ec come negli script di analisi delle vulnerabilit\u00e0 e nel monitoraggio del ciclo di vita delle patch.      <\/p>\n<p>Linus Torvalds ha accolto con scetticismo la proposta di aumentare la dimensione minima degli identificatori abbreviati, poich\u00e9 il numero di commit nel repository \u00e8 notevolmente inferiore a quello degli oggetti (circa 1\/8). \u00c8 probabile che, se si verificheranno intersezioni casuali, queste saranno tra un commit e un oggetto di un altro tipo (ad esempio, un blob o un ramo). Secondo lui, gli identificatori abbreviati sono progettati per essere evidenti, leggibili e facilmente citabili, e al momento non ci sono presupposti oggettivi per aumentarne la dimensione.     <\/p>\n<p>Uno degli sviluppatori ha proposto di ridurre la dimensione aumentando il numero di bit significativi, utilizzando un nuovo formato basato sulla codifica Base36 (caratteri 0-9a-z) invece di cifre esadecimali. Secondo Linus, una modifica del genere creer\u00e0 pi\u00f9 problemi di quanti ne risolva. Ad esempio, sar\u00e0 necessario aggiungere il supporto per il nuovo formato negli strumenti esistenti e introdurre un identificatore di formato per distinguere tra il vecchio e il nuovo formato.       <\/p>\n<p>Per dimostrare che il problema con gli identificatori abbreviati non \u00e8 puramente teorico e la sua soluzione non pu\u00f2 essere rimandata, Case Cook ha formato una modifica alla documentazione del kernel, il cui identificatore abbreviato (1da177e4c3f4) coincide con l'identificatore del commit per la creazione del ramo kernel 2.6.12-rc2. La collisione \u00e8 stata trovata dopo 6 ore di calcoli su un sistema con GPU NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080.     <\/p>\n<p>La selezione \u00e8 stata effettuata utilizzando lo strumento lucky-commit \u2014 nel testo del patch di destinazione sono stati aggiunti spazi casuali fino a quando il prefisso SHA-1 di 12 caratteri non \u00e8 coinciso con i prefissi dei commit gi\u00e0 presenti nel kernel. Secondo Case, il problema non risiede tanto nelle coincidenze casuali quanto nella possibilit\u00e0 di manipolare gli identificatori abbreviati per scopi dannosi, ad esempio per eludere alcune verifiche.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62495\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 16-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b 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property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-31T13:46:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-31T13:46:00+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Collisioni negli identificatori abbreviati dei commit nel kernel Linux | ProHoster","description":"Kees Cook, ex-amministratore di sistema principale di kernel.org e leader del Team Sicurezza di Ubuntu, ha dimostrato la possibilit\u00e0 di creare un commit il cui identificatore abbreviato corrisponde a un commit precedentemente aggiunto al kernel Linux. L'esperimento \u00e8 stato condotto per confermare la validit\u00e0 del passaggio a identificatori di commit abbreviati di 16 caratteri nel kernel Linux, precedentemente discusso nella mailing list degli sviluppatori del kernel, ma non approvato da Linus.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0432 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