{"id":140334,"date":"2025-08-09T23:12:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-debian-13"},"modified":"2025-08-09T23:12:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:12:05","slug":"reliz-debian-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-debian-13","title":{"rendered":"Release di Debian 13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dopo due anni di sviluppo, \u00e8 stato rilasciato Debian 13 \u00abTrixie\u00bb, disponibile per otto architetture ufficialmente supportate: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) e IBM System z (s390x). Gli aggiornamenti per Debian 13 verranno rilasciati per 5 anni.    <\/p>\n<p>Sono disponibili immagini di installazione, che possono essere scaricate tramite HTTP, jigdo o BitTorrent. Per l'architettura amd64 sono stati sviluppati LiveUSB, disponibili nelle varianti con GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Cinnamon e MATE, oltre a un DVD multiarchitettura che combina pacchetti per la piattaforma amd64 con pacchetti aggiuntivi per l'architettura i386. Prima di procedere con la migrazione da Debian 12, si consiglia di consultare il documento seguente.      <\/p>\n<p>Nel repository sono disponibili 69.830 pacchetti binari, con un aumento di 5.411 pacchetti rispetto a Debian 12. Rispetto a Debian 12, sono stati aggiunti 14.116 nuovi pacchetti binari, rimossi 8.844 (12%) pacchetti obsoleti o abbandonati, e aggiornati 44.326 (63%) pacchetti. La dimensione totale di tutti i sorgenti offerti nel pacchetto ammonta a 1.463.291.186 righe di codice. La dimensione totale di tutti i pacchetti \u00e8 di 403 GB.       <\/p>\n<p>Per il 96,9% dei pacchetti \u00e8 garantito il supporto per build riproducibili, che consentono di confermare che l'eseguibile \u00e8 stato compilato esattamente dai sorgenti dichiarati e non contiene modifiche non autorizzate, la cui introduzione potrebbe avvenire, ad esempio, attraverso un attacco all'infrastruttura di build o una backdoor nel compilatore.    <\/p>\n<p>Modifiche chiave in Debian 13.0:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunto il port ufficiale della distribuzione per sistemi basati su architettura RISC-V a 64 bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il port \u00abloong64\u00bb per i sistemi basati sull'architettura del set di istruzioni LoongArch, utilizzata nei processori Loongson 3 5000 e che implementa un ISA RISC simile a MIPS e RISC-V. Questo port non \u00e8 incluso tra quelli ufficialmente supportati.\n<li class=\"l\"> I porti &#171;mipsel&#187; e &#171;mips64el&#187; sono stati rimossi per i sistemi basati sull'architettura MIPS. Il porto &#171;mipsel&#187; era uno dei pi\u00f9 antichi porti supportati da Debian, pi\u00f9 vecchio solo del porto per processori i386. La rimozione \u00e8 avvenuta a causa di problemi tecnici, come la limitazione delle dimensioni della memoria nello spazio utente a 2 Gb e la presenza di problemi con la compilazione.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato interrotto il formare pacchetti e build ufficiali con il kernel per sistemi a 32 bit x86, ma \u00e8 mantenuto un repository ufficiale di pacchetti e un repository multi-arch, la possibilit\u00e0 di implementare ambienti a 32 bit in container isolati e strumenti per la compilazione di applicazioni a 32 bit. L'architettura i386 in Debian ora \u00e8 limitata al supporto per l'esecuzione di applicazioni a 32 bit in un ambiente x86_64 a 64 bit (durante la compilazione vengono utilizzate istruzioni SSE2, non disponibili nella maggior parte dei processori a 32 bit supportati in Debian 12).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato completamente risolto il problema dell'anno 2038. Tutti i pacchetti sono stati convertiti per utilizzare il tipo time_t a 64 bit nelle versioni del sistema operativo per architetture a 32 bit, dove continuava ad essere utilizzato il tipo time_t a 32 bit (non utilizzabile per l'elaborazione dei tempi dopo il 19 gennaio 2038 a causa del traboccamento del contatore dei secondi trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970).\n<li class=\"l\"> Nell'installer \u00e8 stata modificata la logica di gestione delle partizioni EFI e aggiunta la modalit\u00e0 di ripristino per i sistemi installati nella partizione Btrfs. Sono state escluse le firmware che non sono necessarie durante l'installazione, che non possono funzionare senza pacchetti non liberi o che sono inutili con le impostazioni correnti del kernel. \u00c8 stata interrotta la supporto per grub-legacy e win32-loader. \u00c8 stata ripristinata la possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare caratteri non ASCII nel nome completo dell'utente. Sono stati aggiunti supporto per schede e dispositivi: Pine64 Pinebook, MNT Reform 2, AM64x HummingBoard-T, Pine64 Star64, Wandboard rev D1, cos\u00ec come laptop e tablet basati su ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nell'installer e nelle build Live \u00e8 stata aggiunta la modalit\u00e0 di avvio remoto &#171;HTTP Boot&#187;, in cui le immagini di avvio vengono fornite tramite il protocollo HTTP (l'URL dell'immagine ISO viene inserito nell'interfaccia di avvio UEFI o U-Boot).\n<li class=\"l\"> Per memorizzare la directory per i file temporanei \/tmp \u00e8 stata utilizzata una filesystem tmpfs, che utilizza un disco RAM allocato in memoria, che pu\u00f2 essere spostato nello spazio di swap in caso di insufficienza di memoria disponibile. L'uso di tmpfs consente di ridurre il numero di operazioni di scrittura sul supporto fisico, diminuire il consumo energetico dei dischi rigidi, prolungare la vita degli SSD e aumentare le prestazioni nella gestione dei file temporanei. Per ripristinare la memorizzazione di \/tmp in una normale filesystem, \u00e8 possibile utilizzare il comando &#171;systemctl mask tmp.mount&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sono escluse le comandi last, lastb e lastlog, che erano legati ai file \/var\/log\/wtmp, \/var\/log\/btmp, \/var\/run\/utmp e \/var\/log\/lastlog, che utilizzano un tipo time_t a 32 bit, non sostituibile con uno a 64 bit senza modificare l'ABI di Glibc e compromettere la compatibilit\u00e0 con le applicazioni. Si raccomanda di utilizzare invece gli strumenti wtmpdb, lastlog2 e lslogins.\n<li class=\"l\"> Per la definizione e il montaggio di filesystem crittografati \u00e8 stato utilizzato il pacchetto systemd-cryptsetup.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 AMD64 \u0438 ARM64 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel CET (Control-flow Enforcement Technology), ARM PAC (Pointer Authentication) \u0438  BTI (Branch Target Identification) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (ROP &#8212; Return-Oriented Programming). \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 ROP \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439). \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 (&#171;\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432&#187;) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b run0, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 systemd \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 systemd-run \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b sudo.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata attivata la versione 3.0 del gestore di pacchetti APT, con un'interfaccia utente rinnovata, il motore di risoluzione delle dipendenze Solver3 abilitato, il supporto per gli snapshot implementato, l'uso del comando apt-key cessato, un backend crittografico per la libreria OpenSSL aggiunto e il comando \u2018dist-clean\u2019 realizzato.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunto il comando debian-repro-status per controllare lo stato della build riproducibile per i pacchetti installati nel sistema attuale.\n<li class=\"l\"> Completata la migrazione della distribuzione dall'uso di una partizione separata \/usr a un modello in cui le directory \/bin, \/sbin e \/lib* sono rappresentate come collegamenti simbolici alle corrispondenti directory all'interno di \/usr.\n<li class=\"l\"> Il kernel Linux \u00e8 stato aggiornato alla versione 6.12. Sono stati attivati nuovi rilasci di systemd 257, bash 5.2.37, Glibc 2.41, OpenSSL 3.5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sono stati inclusi i rilasci degli ambienti desktop GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0 e Xfce 4.20. Il stack grafico \u00e8 stato aggiornato.\n<li class=\"l\">  Aggiornate le applicazioni utente, come LibreOffice 25.2, GIMP 3.0.2, Inkscape 1.4, Vim 9.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiornate le applicazioni server, come BIND 9.20, Postfix 3.10, Exim 4.98, PostgreSQL 17, MariaDB 11.8, nginx 1.26, OpenJDK 21, OpenSSH 10.0, Samba 4.22, QEMU 10.0, Docker 26.1.5, Xen 4.20.\n<li class=\"l\"> Strumenti di sviluppo aggiornati, come GCC 14.2, LLVM\/Clang 19, Perl 5.40, PHP 8.4, Python 3.13, Rust 1.85, Go 1.24.\n<ul>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63702\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 &#171;Trixie&#187;, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) \u0438 IBM System z (s390x). \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f Debian 13 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e HTTP, jigdo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - 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Gli aggiornamenti per Debian 13 saranno rilasciati per 5 anni. 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