{"id":150229,"date":"2025-12-01T17:12:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T15:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dostupen-distributiv-nixos-25-11-ispolzuyushhij-paketnyj-menedzher-nix"},"modified":"2025-12-01T17:12:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T15:12:00","slug":"dostupen-distributiv-nixos-25-11-ispolzuyushhij-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dostupen-distributiv-nixos-25-11-ispolzuyushhij-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","title":{"rendered":"\u00c8 disponibile la distribuzione NixOS 25.11, che utilizza il gestore di pacchetti Nix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stato rilasciato il sistema operativo NixOS 25.11, basato sul gestore di pacchetti Nix, che offre sviluppi propri per semplificare la configurazione e la manutenzione del sistema. In NixOS, l'intera configurazione del sistema avviene tramite un unico file di configurazione del sistema, configuration.nix. Sono disponibili funzionalit\u00e0 per un rapido ripristino del sistema a una versione precedente della configurazione e per passare tra diversi stati del sistema. \u00c8 supportata l'installazione di pacchetti individuali da parte degli utenti e la possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare simultaneamente pi\u00f9 versioni di un programma. Vengono garantiti build riproducibili. Sono stati preparati immagini di installazione con interfaccia grafica (3,6 GB) e una versione console ridotta (1,5 GB) per le architetture x86_64 e ARM64.     <\/p>\n<p>Quando si utilizza Nix, il risultato della compilazione dei pacchetti viene memorizzato in una sottocartella separata in \/nix\/store. Ad esempio, dopo la compilazione, il pacchetto firefox pu\u00f2 essere registrato in \/nix\/store\/8onlv1pc3ed6n5nskg8ew4twcfd0d5ae4ed5c4-firefox-145.0.1\/, dove \u00ab8onlv1pc3ed6n5nskg8ew4twcfd0d5ae4ed5c4\u00bb \u00e8 l'hash di tutte le sue dipendenze e istruzioni di compilazione. L'installazione di un pacchetto implica la sua compilazione o il download di una versione gi\u00e0 compilata (a condizione che sia stata gi\u00e0 compilata su Hydra \u2014 il servizio di compilazione del progetto NixOS), e la creazione di una directory con collegamenti simbolici a tutti i pacchetti nel profilo di sistema o dell'utente, con successiva aggiunta di questa directory alla lista PATH. Un approccio simile viene utilizzato nel gestore di pacchetti GNU Guix, che si basa sui principi di Nix. La collezione di pacchetti \u00e8 presentata in un apposito repository Nixpkgs.      <\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiunti 7002 pacchetti, rimossi 6338 pacchetti, aggiornati 25252 pacchetti. Aggiunti 107 nuovi moduli e 1778 opzioni di configurazione, rimossi 807 opzioni e 41 moduli. Nello sviluppo e nella manutenzione dei pacchetti hanno partecipato 2742 sviluppatori, apportando 59430 modifiche.\n<li class=\"l\"> Tra i nuovi moduli: il gestore composito dwl, il firewall FirewallD, il proxy inverso tunnelizzante Pangolin, il blocca pubblicit\u00e0 Pi-hole, il client torrent qBittorrent, l'utility rsync, la piattaforma di microblogging Sharkey, il servizio TuneD, il server Matrix tuwunel, il server VNC wayvnc e il configuratore di chiavi yubikey-manager.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto il sistema di inizializzazione nixos-init, che inizializza il sistema durante l'avvio e configura l'ambiente per l'esecuzione di systemd. Il codice di nixos-init \u00e8 scritto in Rust e non \u00e8 legato a bash. Con nixos-init \u00e8 possibile creare ambienti NixOS snelli, forniti senza shell, perl, python e altri interpreti.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata proposta l'uscita dell'ambiente desktop GNOME 49, in cui \u00e8 stata interrotta la fornitura della sessione per X11 (per eseguire le applicazioni X11 \u00e8 possibile utilizzare XWayland). Per gestire i servizi in gnome-session sono stati impiegati componenti systemd.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la versione beta dell'ambiente utente COSMIC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aggiornati gli strumenti LLVM 21 e il sistema di build CMake 4. GCC \u00e8 rimasto sulla branch 14.x.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la supporto per il firewall firewalld, implementato come un wrapping sopra il filtro pacchetti nftables, che supporta la modifica delle regole tramite D-Bus. FirewallD pu\u00f2 essere avviato come servizio separato services.firewalld o come backend esposto tramite l'impostazione \u00abnetworking.firewall\u00bb (nell'\u00abnetworking.firewall\u00bb \u00e8 stata aggiunta l'opzione backend per cambiare backend).\n<li class=\"l\"> Il toolkit nixos-rebuild-ng \u00e8 abilitato per impostazione predefinita, una versione di nixos-rebuild completamente riscritta in Python. Per disattivarlo, \u00e8 disponibile l'impostazione \u00absystem.rebuild.enableNg\u00bb, ma si prevede di rimuoverla nella prossima versione.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto rEFInd, un gestore di avvio grafico per sistemi con UEFI (attivabile tramite l'impostazione boot.loader.refind.enable).\n<li class=\"l\"> Per il caricatore Limine \u00e8 stata attivata la supporto per UEFI Secure Boot (boot.loader.limine.secureBoot.enable). La firma digitale \u00e8 creata da uno script di installazione del caricatore, mentre gli hash per la verifica dell'integrit\u00e0 del kernel vengono generati durante la ricompilazione del sistema. In pratica, questa nuova funzionalit\u00e0 consente di autorizzare solo l'avvio dei kernel installati tramite NixOS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Di default \u00e8 stata attivata la branch del database PostgreSQL 17.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata interrotta la fornitura per default del pacchetto <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"290\">VPN<\/a>I plugin nel modulo con NetworkManager. Tutti i plugin VPN devono ora essere attivati esplicitamente tramite l'impostazione \u00abnetworking.networkmanager.plugins\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Rimosse le versioni obsolete di KDE Gear, KDE Plasma, Maui e Deepin, che utilizzavano Qt 5. Si consiglia di passare a KDE Plasma 6.x e Gear 25.08.                    <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64351\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 25.11, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 NixOS \u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 configuration.nix. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 25.11, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e 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