{"id":150734,"date":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6"},"modified":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del filtro pacchetti nftables 1.1.6","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stata pubblicata la versione 1.1.6 del filtro pacchetti nftables, che unifica le interfacce di filtraggio dei pacchetti per IPv4, IPv6, ARP e bridge di rete (destinato a sostituire iptables, ip6tables, arptables ed ebtables). \u00c8 stata pubblicata contemporaneamente anche la versione 1.3.1 della libreria correlata libnftnl, che fornisce un'API a basso livello per interagire con il sottosistema nf_tables.           <\/p>\n<p>Nel pacchetto nftables sono inclusi componenti del filtro a pacchetti che operano nello spazio utente, mentre a livello di kernel l'operazione \u00e8 gestita dal sottosistema nf_tables, incluso nel kernel di Linux a partire dalla versione 3.13. A livello di kernel viene fornito solo un'interfaccia generale, indipendente dal protocollo specifico e che offre funzioni di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso.    <\/p>\n<p>Le regole di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopodich\u00e9 questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink e viene eseguito nel kernel in una sezione <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"macchina virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4362\">macchina virtuale<\/a>, simile a BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello di kernel e di spostare tutte le funzioni di parsing delle regole e di logica di operazione con i protocolli nello spazio utente.    <\/p>\n<p>Variazioni principali:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 garantito il supporto completo per i modelli di tunnel leggeri, come vxlan, geneve ed erspan:           table netdev global {                tunnel t1 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.2.10                        ip daddr 192.168.2.11                        sport 1025                        dport 20020                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                   tunnel t2 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.3.10                        ip daddr 192.168.3.11                        sport 1025                        dport 21021                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                     chain in {                        type filter hook ingress device veth0 priority 0;                              tunnel name ip saddr map { 10.141.10.12 : 't1',   10.141.10.13 : 't2' } fwd to erspan1                }         }    Prima di caricare le regole, \u00e8 necessario creare l'interfaccia di rete erspan1:     ip link add dev erspan1 type erspan external\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la supporto per le maschere nei nomi delle interfacce di rete nei gestori netdev, ad esempio, per aggiungere una catena di base al filtro del traffico in entrata per tutti i dispositivi vlan si pu\u00f2 specificare:           table netdev t {                chain c {                        type filter hook ingress devices = { 'vlan*', 'veth0' }   priority filter; policy accept;                }         }\n<li class=\"l\"> Nei sistemi con kernel Linux 6.18+ \u00e8 stato implementato il supporto per la trasmissione di frame L2 nell'interfaccia dei bridge di rete per l'elaborazione locale, per esempio, per inviare allo stack IP tutti i frame Ethernet per l'indirizzo MAC de:ad:00:00:be:ef si pu\u00f2 specificare:        table bridge global {              chain pre {                      type filter hook prerouting priority 0; policy accept;                      ether daddr de:ad:00:00:be:ef meta pkttype set host ether   daddr set meta ibrhwaddr accept              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta una nuova infrastruttura per il fuzzing testing utilizzando l'utility afl++ (american fuzzy lop++), attivabile nella fase di compilazione tramite '.\/configure --with-fuzzer'.            <\/ul>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64386\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.3.1, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, 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