{"id":172755,"date":"2026-05-19T18:24:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T16:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/ad-nihilum-0-4-3"},"modified":"2026-05-19T18:24:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T16:24:53","slug":"ad-nihilum-0-4-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/ad-nihilum-0-4-3","title":{"rendered":"Ad Nihilum 0.4.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c8 stato rilasciato Ad Nihilum 0.4.3 \u2014 un servizio minimalista per lo scambio di messaggi crittografati secondo il principio \"letto \u2014 bruciato\", pensato principalmente per il self-hosting.<\/p>\n<p>Il server funge solo da deposito silenzioso. La crittografia e la decrittazione avvengono esclusivamente lato client, nel browser (tramite AES-GCM).<\/p>\n<h3>Caratteristiche<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>crittografia e decrittografia locale, <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/server\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a> mai vede la chiave;<\/li>\n<li>supporto per un ulteriore strato di crittografia con una password, di cui (1) il server non pu\u00f2 venire a conoscenza, (2) non pu\u00f2 essere dedotta dal link trasmesso;<\/li>\n<li>il progetto contiene circa 2200 righe di codice server in C e 600 righe di codice client in JS, il che semplifica l'audit;<\/li>\n<li>Ad Nihilum dipende solo da libmicrohttpd. Per la generazione di codici QR, \u00e8 fornita una versione modificata di QRCode.js;<\/li>\n<li>\u00e8 allegata una guida per avviare rapidamente un servizio locale senza un IP esterno;<\/li>\n<li>Ad Nihilum funziona anche su Android, \u00e8 incluso uno script per la compilazione in Termux;<\/li>\n<li>server monothread e sincrono.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Modifiche<\/h3>\n<h4>Ridefinizione su larga scala<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Le pagine di invio e ricezione dei messaggi sono state separate, insieme al relativo codice client.<\/li>\n<li>In generale, il design \u00e8 stato fortemente modificato e corretto tenendo conto delle richieste della community.<\/li>\n<li>\"Semplice\" e client locali:\n<ul> <noindex><\/p>\n<li>\u00e8 stato aggiunto un client con design semplificato <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/adnihilum.net\/simple\">https:\/\/adnihilum.net\/simple<\/a>;<\/li>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<li>le pagine client possono essere salvate localmente e utilizzate da file:\/\/.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Politiche del browser<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>implementato CSP per combattere gli attacchi XSS;<\/li>\n<li>il server invia HSTS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Le date YYYY-M-DD e YYYY-MM-D non sono<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>il progetto \u00e8 stato rinominato da Epha-ots;<\/li>\n<li>dominio adnihilum.net acquistato;<\/li>\n<li>TLS \u00e8 garantito tramite Let\u2019s Encrypt, \u00e8 bene tenerlo a mente (non ci sono soldi);<\/li>\n<li>semplificata la gestione dei file;<\/li>\n<li>passato ai puntatori fat;<\/li>\n<li>corretti bug minori;<\/li>\n<li>auto-jsminify e costruzione dei file client durante la compilazione con CMake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Panoramica del protocollo<\/h3>\n<p>Genera tre valori casuali: chiave <strong>K<\/strong>, vettore di inizializzazione <strong>N<\/strong> e sale <strong>S<\/strong>. <strong>K<\/strong> \u2014 256 bit, <strong>N<\/strong> \u2014 96 bit, <strong>S<\/strong> \u2014 128 bit.<\/p>\n<p>Visualizza <strong>ID<\/strong> da <strong>K<\/strong> e <strong>S<\/strong> utilizzando HKDF basato su SHA-256.<\/p>\n<p>Genera una stringa di dati autenticati aggiuntivi <strong>aad<\/strong> \u2014 \u00e8 semplicemente una stringa del tipo: id=ID<\/p>\n<p>Se l'utente ha impostato una password:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>visualizza <strong>Pk<\/strong> dalla password e <strong>S<\/strong> utilizzando PBKDF2, SHA-256, 800000 iterazioni;<\/li>\n<li>la stessa sale viene utilizzata per tutto;<\/li>\n<li>crittografare i dati utilizzando AES-GCM, usando la chiave <strong>Pk<\/strong>, IV\/nonce <strong>N<\/strong> e trasmettere <strong>aad<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aggiungere un tag di due byte ai dati gi\u00e0 crittografati, se era presente una password, oppure ai dati originali, se non c'era una password.<\/p>\n<p>Il primo byte ha un significato: indica se i dati sono stati criptati con una password:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0x73 \u2014 i dati sono criptati con una password;<\/li>\n<li>0x13 \u2014 i dati non sono criptati con una password.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il secondo byte \u00e8 un valore costante 0x37.<\/p>\n<p>Cripta nuovamente il risultato utilizzando AES-GCM, usando lo stesso iv = N e lo stesso <strong>aad<\/strong>. Questo d\u00e0 il testo cifrato finale <strong>ct<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Concatena i byte in una stringa: blob = N .. S .. ct<\/p>\n<p>Invia <strong>blob<\/strong> al server insieme a <strong>ID<\/strong>. Il server restituisce <strong>blob<\/strong> su questo <strong>ID<\/strong> e non pu\u00f2 sostituirlo: il client controlla prima <strong>ID<\/strong> utilizzando <strong>N<\/strong> e <strong>K<\/strong> ancora prima della decrittazione, e poi \u2014 attraverso <strong>aad<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Il client memorizza <strong>K<\/strong>. <strong>K<\/strong> non viene mai inviato al server. <strong>Pk<\/strong> non viene inviato; tutto ci\u00f2 che \u00e8 legato alla password viene rimosso dalla memoria.<\/p>\n<p>Il client genera un link: origin\/#ID\/K<\/p>\n<p>Qui <strong>ID<\/strong> e <strong>K<\/strong> \u2014 stringhe nel formato base64url.<\/p>\n<p>Quando il destinatario apre il link:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>il browser scarta tutto ci\u00f2 che inizia con #; questo si chiama location.hash;<\/li>\n<li>l'applicazione client viene caricata dal server;<\/li>\n<li>a mio avviso, questo \u00e8 il principale punto debole: ci ritroviamo effettivamente di fronte a quello che \u00e8 \"TLS vulnerabile\";<\/li>\n<li>tuttavia, nulla impedisce di conservare il client offline;<\/li>\n<li>idealmente dovrebbe esserci un client standalone separato.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il JavaScript client verifica location.hash, e se c'\u00e8 <strong>ID<\/strong> e <strong>K<\/strong>, carica i dati dal server.<\/p>\n<p>Poi li verifica, li decripta e, se necessario, richiede la password e decripta di nuovo.<\/p>\n<h3>Licenza<\/h3>\n<p>Il progetto \u00e8 distribuito sotto GPLv3.<\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/opensource\/18293734\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Ad Nihilum 0.4.3 \u2014 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 &laquo;\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u2014 \u0441\u0436\u0435\u0433&raquo;, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 self-hosting. C\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430. \u0428\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 AES-GCM). \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-172755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Ad Nihilum 0.4.3 \u2014 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u2014 \u0441\u0436\u0435\u0433\u00bb, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 self-hosting. 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