{"id":181694,"date":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","slug":"vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"\u00c8 stata completata la disassemblazione del microcodice i386 e creato un open CPU z386.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Gli appassionati sono riusciti a estrarre e disassemblare con successo il microcodice del processore Intel 80386, che a causa della mancanza di documentazione era considerato un \u00abblack box\u00bb. L'immagine binaria del microcodice \u00e8 stata ricreata con l'ausilio dell'AI utilizzando fotografie ad alta risoluzione del cristallo, mentre la logica operativa \u00e8 stata analizzata attraverso la tracciatura delle connessioni sul cristallo. Progressivamente sono state definite la struttura delle microcomandi (\u03bc-ops), i campi, l'ordine di esecuzione e i marcatori di fine istruzione. I risultati del progetto sono stati pubblicati su GitHub come dominio pubblico.<\/p>\n

\"\u00c8<\/center><\/p>\n

\u00c8 stato rilevato che nel CPU 80386 ogni istruzione viene eseguita completamente tramite microcodice, mentre nel 8086 e nei processori moderni parte delle istruzioni \u00e8 trattata direttamente. Inoltre, a differenza dei processori 8086, nel 80386 il microcodice non implementa gli algoritmi direttamente, ma configura principalmente gli acceleratori hardware (moltiplicatore, divisore, spostamento rapido, PTU (Protection Test Unit)). <\/p>\n

Durante lo studio \u00e8 emerso un potenziale problema di sicurezza nella gestione della bitmap dei diritti di accesso all'input\/output (bitmap delle autorizzazioni IO): con un accesso di 4 byte alle porte, venivano controllati i bit dei diritti di accesso solo per i primi 3 byte, mentre l'accesso al 4\u00b0 byte non veniva verificato, consentendo teoricamente l'accesso a registri hardware che avrebbero dovuto essere vietati.<\/p>\n

Sulla base del microcodice pubblicato \u00e8 stato sviluppato un CPU z386 open source, implementato in SystemVerilog e funzionante su FPGA. Anzich\u00e9 implementare ogni istruzione come un RTL (Register-transfer level) separato, nel z386 sono state realizzate strutture hardware controllate dal microcodice originale. Le prestazioni dell'implementazione risultante corrispondono a un veloce PC 386 (~70MHz). Sotto il controllo del z386 sono state avviate con successo DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A e giochi come Doom e Cannon Fodder.
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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L'immagine binaria del microcodice \u00e8 stata ricreata con l'ausilio dell'IA tramite fotografie ad alta risoluzione del chip, e la logica operativa \u00e8 stata analizzata attraverso la tracciatura delle connessioni sul chip. Gradualmente sono state definite la struttura dei microcomandi (\u03bc-ops), i campi, l'ordine di esecuzione e i marcatori di fine istruzioni. 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