{"id":181694,"date":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386"},"modified":"2026-05-24T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T22:25:21","slug":"vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/vypolneno-dizassemblirovaniya-mikrokoda-i386-i-sozdan-otkrytyj-cpu-z386","title":{"rendered":"Eseguite le operazioni di disassemblaggio del microcodice i386 e creato un CPU z386 aperto","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Gli appassionati sono riusciti a estrarre e disassemblare con successo il microcodice del microprocessore Intel 80386, considerato un \u00abblack box\u00bb a causa della mancanza di documentazione. L'immagine binaria del microcodice \u00e8 stata ricreata utilizzando l'intelligenza artificiale basata su fotografie ad alta risoluzione del chip, e la logica di funzionamento \u00e8 stata analizzata tracciando i collegamenti sul chip. Gradualmente sono state identificate la struttura dei microcomandi (\u03bc-ops), i campi, l'ordine di esecuzione e i marcatori di fine istruzioni. I risultati del progetto sono stati pubblicati su GitHub come patrimonio pubblico.<\/p>\n

\"Eseguite<\/center><\/p>\n

\u00c8 stato scoperto che nel CPU 80386 ogni istruzione \u00e8 completamente eseguita tramite microcodice, mentre nell'8086 e nei processori moderni parte delle istruzioni \u00e8 gestita direttamente. Inoltre, a differenza dei processori 8086, nel 80386 il microcodice non implementa algoritmi direttamente, ma configura principalmente acceleratori hardware (moltiplicatore, divisore, shift veloce, PTU (Protection Test Unit)). <\/p>\n

Durante la ricerca \u00e8 stato anche identificato un possibile problema di sicurezza nella gestione della bitmap dei diritti di accesso all'input\/output (IO permission bitmap): durante un accesso a 4 byte alle porte, i bit dei diritti di accesso venivano verificati solo per i primi 3 byte, senza controllare l'accesso al 4\u00b0 byte, il che teoricamente permetteva l'accesso a registri hardware a cui l'accesso doveva essere vietato.<\/p>\n

Sulla base del microcodice pubblicato \u00e8 stato sviluppato il CPU aperto z386, implementato in SystemVerilog e funzionante su FPGA. Invece di implementare ogni istruzione come un RTL (Register-transfer level) separato, nel z386 sono state realizzate strutture hardware gestite dal microcodice originale. Le prestazioni dell'implementazione preparata corrispondono a quelle di un rapido PC 386 (~70MHz). Sotto il controllo del z386 \u00e8 stato possibile avviare con successo DOS 6\/7, DOS\/4GW, DOS\/32A e giochi come Doom e Cannon Fodder.
\n
Fonte: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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