{"id":182307,"date":"2026-06-24T20:48:35","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T18:48:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/odnostrochnoe-izmenenie-v-gcc-privelo-k-uskoreniyu-na-12-v-odnom-teste-i-zamedleniyu-na-14-v-drugom"},"modified":"2026-06-24T20:48:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T18:48:35","slug":"odnostrochnoe-izmenenie-v-gcc-privelo-k-uskoreniyu-na-12-v-odnom-teste-i-zamedleniyu-na-14-v-drugom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/odnostrochnoe-izmenenie-v-gcc-privelo-k-uskoreniyu-na-12-v-odnom-teste-i-zamedleniyu-na-14-v-drugom","title":{"rendered":"Una modifica a una sola linea in GCC ha portato a un aumento della velocit\u00e0 del 12% in un test e a un rallentamento del 14% in un altro.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un ingegnere della Intel ha apportato una modifica di una riga al set di compilatori GCC, aumentando il costo di una predizione errata di branch sui processori x86. Questa modifica ha permesso di migliorare le prestazioni del codice generato durante il test 544.nab_r del 12,7% attivando le ottimizzazioni &#171;-O2 -mtune=graniterapids&#187; per CPU Intel Granite Rapids\/Xeon 6 e del 12,1% attivando le ottimizzazioni &#171;-O2 -mtune=znver5&#187; sui CPU AMD Zen5.<\/p>\n<p>La modifica del peso da &#171;COSTS_N_INSNS (2)&#187; a &#171;COSTS_N_INSNS (2) + 3&#187; aumenta l'importanza dell'errore di predizione da 2 a 5 istruzioni condizionali, riflettendo meglio le caratteristiche delle pipeline nei moderni CPU, dove gli errori di predizione di branch sono pi\u00f9 costosi. La modifica del peso porta forzatamente il compilatore a trasformare le espressioni &#171;if&#187; in istruzioni condizionali senza salti, come CMOV, escludendo pause dovute all'errore di predizione di branch, causate dalla necessit\u00e0 di azzerare lo stato della pipeline. In precedenza, il peso &#171;COSTS_N_INSNS (2) + 3&#187; era indicato in GCC solo per i processori Intel Ice Lake e Alder Lake, ma ora \u00e8 stato impostato per il profilo generico dei processori x86.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 interessante notare che, dopo l'adozione della patch, \u00e8 emersa una regressione, che ha portato il test &#171;Hint&#187; a essere eseguito da uno degli sviluppatori GCC il 30% pi\u00f9 lentamente durante la compilazione con le opzioni &#171;-march=generic -mtune=znver5&#187; e &#171;-march=generic -mtune=graniterapids&#187;. Le prestazioni dei test SPEC2017 e SPEC2026 dopo la modifica sono rimaste ai livelli precedenti. La regressione \u00e8 stata confermata dall'autore del commit originale, che ha rilevato un rallentamento del test Hint del 14% durante la compilazione con le opzioni &#171;-O2 -mtune=generic -march=x86-64-v3&#187;. <\/p>\n<p>Il rallentamento \u00e8 spiegato dal fatto che nel codice del test Hint esiste una sola costruzione condizionale, che viene convertita da GCC in una rappresentazione basata su CMOV. Questa costruzione viene eseguita abbastanza raramente (nel 3%) e la sua ottimizzazione non influisce sulle prestazioni. Tuttavia, la modifica della modalit\u00e0 di generazione del codice ha portato a un effetto collaterale che ha rallentato l'esecuzione di un codice pi\u00f9 frequentemente eseguito.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=65757\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Intel \u0432\u043d\u0451\u0441 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 GCC \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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