{"id":30053,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/optimizatsiya-proizvoditelnosti-apache2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:26","slug":"optimizatsiya-proizvoditelnosti-apache2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/optimizatsiya-proizvoditelnosti-apache2","title":{"rendered":"Ottimizzazione delle prestazioni di apache2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Molti utilizzano apache2 come server web. Tuttavia, pochi si fermano a riflettere sull'ottimizzazione delle sue prestazioni, che influisce direttamente sulla velocit\u00e0 di caricamento delle pagine del sito, sulla velocit\u00e0 di esecuzione degli script (in particolare php), nonch\u00e9 sull'aumento del carico della CPU e sull'incremento della memoria RAM utilizzata. <\/p>\n<p>Pertanto, il seguente manuale dovrebbe aiutare i principianti (e non solo) utenti.<br \/>\nTutti gli esempi seguenti sono stati utilizzati su Raspberry PI 3, Debian 9, Apache 2.4.38, PHP 7.3.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nQuindi, iniziamo.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Disabilitare i moduli non utilizzati<\/h3>\n<p>\nIl primo metodo consiste nel semplicemente disabilitare i moduli che non si utilizzano:<\/p>\n<p>L'elenco dei moduli attualmente utilizzati pu\u00f2 essere visualizzato con il comando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apache2ctl -M<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPer disabilitare un modulo si utilizza il comando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">a2dismod *nome del modulo*<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDi conseguenza, per abilitare un modulo si utilizza il comando:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">a2enmod *nome del modulo*<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSi prega di notare che quando si utilizza <i>a2dismod<\/i>, il nome del modulo deve essere scritto senza la parola modulo stessa.<\/p>\n<p>Ad esempio, se nel risultato del comando <i>apache2ctl -M<\/i> hai visto <i>proxy_module<\/i>, per disabilitarlo \u00e8 necessario utilizzare il comando \u2014 <i>a2dismod proxy<\/i><\/p>\n<p>I moduli che caricano maggiormente il sistema (dalla mia esperienza personale) sono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PHP, Ruby, Perl e altri moduli per vari linguaggi di scripting<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/ssl-sertifikat\/\"   title=\"SSL\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2258\">SSL<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rewrite<\/li>\n<li>CGI<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nQuindi, nei casi in cui questi moduli non ti servano, consiglio di disabilitarli.<\/p>\n<p>Inoltre, dopo aver disabilitato un modulo, consiglio di usare il comando \u2014 <i>apache2ctl configtest<\/i>, che verifica la configurazione dei siti utilizzati e, se uno dei moduli disabilitati era necessario per essi, restituir\u00e0 un errore.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Cambiare MPM (Multi-Processing Module) e utilizzare php-fpm<\/h3>\n<p>\nDi default, dopo l'installazione, apache2 utilizza MPM Prefork (1 thread per 1 connessione), che riduce significativamente le prestazioni, ma migliora la stabilit\u00e0 e la sicurezza.<\/p>\n<p>Ma per ottimizzare le prestazioni consiglio di utilizzare MPM Worker, che consente di utilizzare pi\u00f9 thread per una singola connessione.<\/p>\n<p>Per abilitarlo utilizziamo i seguenti comandi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">a2dismod mpm_prefork  \/\/Disabilitiamo prefork\na2dismod php7.3  \/\/Disabilitiamo il modulo php che dipende da prefork\na2enmod mpm_worker  \/\/Abilitiamo worker\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTuttavia, utilizzando Worker potresti incontrare un problema, poich\u00e9 il modulo php7.3 dipende dal modulo Prefork.<\/p>\n<p>Per risolvere questo problema, installeremo il modulo php7.3-fpm, che verr\u00e0 utilizzato per l'elaborazione degli script PHP:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get install php7.3-fpm  \/\/Installiamo\nsystemctl enable php7.3-fpm &amp;&amp; systemctl start php7.3-fpm  \/\/Aggiungiamo all'avvio automatico e avviamo\na2enmod php7.3-fpm &amp;&amp; a2enconf php7.3-fpm.conf  \/\/Abilitiamo il modulo e la configurazione per esso\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u00c8 importante notare che l'uso di php-fpm ridurr\u00e0 anche la quantit\u00e0 di RAM utilizzata dal processo apache2 e accelerer\u00e0 leggermente l'elaborazione degli script PHP.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Conclusione<\/h3>\n<p>\nIn questo modo, tramite queste semplici azioni, siamo riusciti a ottimizzare le prestazioni e ridurre il carico sulla macchina (nel nostro caso RPI3).<\/p>\n<p>Naturalmente, ci sono centinaia di altre opzioni di ottimizzazione, come l'abilitazione della compressione (che \u00e8 davvero utile, ma per la maggior parte gi\u00e0 attivata di default), la modifica dei parametri (file di configurazione) MPM, la disattivazione di HostnameLookups, ecc., ma in questo articolo ho cercato di riflettere proprio quegli aspetti che mi hanno aiutato di pi\u00f9, e spero possano aiutare altri.<br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/444732\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 apache2 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 php), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0426\u041f \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0417\u0423. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0430\u043b, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c (\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 apache2 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link 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