{"id":31672,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:29","slug":"proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/proekt-netbsd-razvivaet-novyj-gipervizor-nvmm","title":{"rendered":"Il progetto NetBSD sviluppa un nuovo hypervisor NVMM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gli sviluppatori del progetto NetBSD <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.netbsd.org\/tnf\/entry\/from_zero_to_nvmm\">hanno annunciato<\/a><\/noindex> sulla creazione di un nuovo hypervisor e del relativo stack di virtualizzazione, gi\u00e0 incluso nella ramificazione sperimentale di NetBSD-current e verr\u00e0 proposto nella versione stabile NetBSD 9. NVMM \u00e8 attualmente limitato al supporto dell'architettura x86_64 e fornisce due backend per sfruttare i meccanismi hardware di virtualizzazione: x86-SVM con supporto per le estensioni di virtualizzazione dei CPU AMD e x86-VMX per CPU Intel. Nella configurazione attuale \u00e8 possibile eseguire fino a 128 macchine virtuali su un singolo host, ciascuna delle quali pu\u00f2 avere assegnati fino a 256 core virtuali (VCPU) e 128 GB di RAM. <\/p>\n<p> NVMM include un driver che opera a livello di kernel e coordina l'accesso ai meccanismi hardware di virtualizzazione, e lo stack Libnvmm, eseguito nello spazio utente. L'interazione tra i componenti del kernel e dello spazio utente avviene tramite IOCTL. Una caratteristica di NVMM che lo distingue da hypervisor come KVM, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/intel\/haxm\">HAXM<\/a><\/noindex> e Bhyve, \u00e8 che nel kernel viene eseguito solo il set minimo necessario di interfacce attorno ai meccanismi hardware di virtualizzazione, mentre tutto il codice di emulazione dell'hardware \u00e8 spostato dallo spazio del kernel a quello utente. Questo approccio consente di ridurre la quantit\u00e0 di codice eseguito con privilegi elevati e diminuire il rischio di compromissione dell'intero sistema in caso di attacchi su vulnerabilit\u00e0 nell'hypervisor. Inoltre, semplifica notevolmente il debug e i test di fuzzing del progetto. <\/p>\n<p>Libnvmm di per s\u00e9 non contiene funzioni di emulazione, ma fornisce solo un'API che consente di integrare il supporto NVMM in emulatori esistenti, come QEMU. L'API copre funzioni come la creazione e l'avvio di macchine virtuali, l'allocazione della memoria al sistema guest e la distribuzione di VCPU. Per aumentare la sicurezza e ridurre i possibili vettori di attacco, libnvmm fornisce solo le funzioni esplicitamente richieste: per impostazione predefinita, i gestori complessi non vengono chiamati automaticamente e potrebbero anche non essere utilizzati se non necessari. NVMM cerca di utilizzare soluzioni semplici, evitando complessit\u00e0 e consentendo il controllo su quante pi\u00f9 aspetti possibili del suo funzionamento.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.netbsd.org\/~maxv\/nvmm\/design.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Il progetto NetBSD sviluppa un nuovo hypervisor NVMM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/158ef9862303f6dfb7f6f8e997849c2a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>La parte di NVMM che opera a livello del kernel \u00e8 integrata in modo piuttosto approfondito con il kernel di NetBSD e consente di aumentare le prestazioni riducendo il numero di commutazioni di contesto tra il sistema operativo ospite e l'ambiente host. Sul lato dello spazio utente, libnvmm cerca di aggregare le operazioni di input-output comuni senza dover ricorrere a chiamate di sistema. Il sistema di gestione della memoria \u00e8 basato sul sottosistema pmap, che consente di trasferire le pagine di memoria dei sistemi ospiti nello swap in caso di mancanza di memoria nel sistema. NVMM \u00e8 privo di lock globali e scalabile, consentendo l'uso simultaneo di diversi core CPU per eseguire macchine virtuali ospiti diverse. <\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 stata preparata una soluzione basata su QEMU che utilizza NVMM per sfruttare i meccanismi di virtualizzazione hardware. Si stanno sviluppando patch per integrarle nel core di QEMU. La combinazione QEMU+NVMM \u00e8 gi\u00e0 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/m00nbsd.net\/4e0798b7f2620c965d0dd9d6a7a2f296.html\">consente<\/a><\/noindex> in grado di avviare con successo sistemi ospiti con FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Windows XP\/7\/8.1\/10 e altri sistemi operativi su macchine x86_64 con processori AMD e Intel (NVMM stesso non \u00e8 legato a un'architettura specifica, ad esempio, pu\u00f2 funzionare su sistemi ARM64 creando un backend appropriato). Tra i futuri ambiti di applicazione, NVMM viene considerato anche per l'isolamento in sandbox di applicazioni specifiche.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.netbsd.org\/~maxv\/nvmm\/QemuFedora.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Il progetto NetBSD sviluppa un nuovo hypervisor NVMM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ec83a577a406eac7708f793edd55da3b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50518\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 NetBSD \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 NetBSD-current \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 NetBSD 9. NVMM \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b x86_64 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: x86-SVM \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 CPU AMD \u0438 x86-VMX \u0434\u043b\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 NetBSD \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 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