{"id":35080,"date":"2019-10-31T22:02:12","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-raspredelennoj-sistemy-upravleniya-ishodnymi-tekstami-git-2-22\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:02:12","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:02:12","slug":"vypusk-raspredelennoj-sistemy-upravleniya-ishodnymi-tekstami-git-2-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-raspredelennoj-sistemy-upravleniya-ishodnymi-tekstami-git-2-22","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del sistema di gestione distribuita dei codici sorgente Git 2.22","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/6\/7\/117\">Presentato<\/a><\/noindex> rilascio del sistema di controllo distribuito delle versioni <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/git-scm.com\/\">Git 2.22.0<\/a><\/noindex>. Git \u00e8 uno dei sistemi di controllo versione pi\u00f9 popolari, affidabili e ad alte prestazioni, che offre strumenti flessibili per lo sviluppo non lineare, basati su ramificazione e fusione dei rami. Per garantire l'integrit\u00e0 della cronologia e la resilienza alle modifiche retroattive, viene utilizzata l'hashing implicito dell'intera cronologia precedente in ogni commit, \u00e8 anche possibile la verifica tramite firme digitali degli sviluppatori per singoli tag e commit. <\/p>\n<p>Rispetto alla versione precedente, nella nuova versione sono stati integrati 745 cambiamenti, preparati con la partecipazione di 74 sviluppatori, di cui 18 hanno partecipato per la prima volta allo sviluppo. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.blog\/2019-06-07-highlights-from-git-2-22\/\">Principali<\/a><\/noindex>  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/git\/git\/blob\/master\/Documentation\/RelNotes\/2.22.0.txt\">novit\u00e0<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A partire dalla versione 1.18, la nuova modalit\u00e0 di trasferimento della serie di commit \u00abgit rebase \u2014rebase-merges\u00bb ha sostituito la vecchia opzione \u00ab\u2014preserve-merges\u00bb, ora contrassegnata come obsoleta. L'operazione \u00abgit rebase\u00bb viene utilizzata per sostituire una serie di commit con un nuovo commit di base, ad esempio per spostare un ramo specifico che sta sviluppando una nuova funzionalit\u00e0 allo stato attuale del ramo master, che include le correzioni aggiunte dopo la ramificazione:\n<p>                o \u2014 o \u2014 o (my-feature)<\/p>\n<p>              \/<\/p>\n<p>o \u2014 o \u2014 o \u2014 o \u2014 o (master)<\/p>\n<p>                            o \u2014 o \u2014 o (my-feature)<\/p>\n<p>                          \/<\/p>\n<p>o \u2014 o \u2014 o \u2014 o \u2014 o (master)<\/p>\n<p>Per mantenere la struttura di ramificazione in un ramo trasportato, in precedenza si poteva utilizzare l'opzione \u00ab\u2014preserve-merges\u00bb, che in modalit\u00e0 interattiva (git rebase -i \u2014preserve-merges) permetteva di modificare la cronologia dei commit, ma non garantiva la completa conservazione della struttura del repository. Il nuovo regime \u00ab\u2014rebase-merges\u00bb consente di mantenere la struttura delle modifiche nel ramo trasportato, offrendo nel contempo un insieme completo di operazioni interattive, comprese le eliminazioni, la riaggregazione e la rinominazione dei commit. <\/p>\n<p>Ad esempio, \u00ab\u2014rebase-merges\u00bb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/user-images.githubusercontent.com\/443245\/58998948-3f76e700-87b8-11e9-9930-a20ce809fcd5.gif?resize=1908%2C1038&#038;ssl=1\">permette<\/a><\/noindex> ripristinare i commit da un ramo separato su un ramo master pi\u00f9 recente, mantenendo cos\u00ec la struttura di ramificazione nel ramo trasferibile e apportando nel frattempo alcune modifiche alle note sui commit.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la supporto per la creazione di un nuovo ramo basato sul risultato della definizione della base di fusione di due altri rami (merge base, collegamento all'antenato comune) utilizzando le istruzioni \u00abgit branch new A\u2026B\u00bb e \u00abgit checkout -b new A\u2026B\u00bb, in cui \u00abA\u2026B\u00bb implica la definizione della base di fusione tra i due commit specificati, analogamente a come \u00abgit checkout A\u2026B\u00bb sposta HEAD sul commit di base e \u00abdiff A\u2026B\u00bb mostra le modifiche tra il commit \u00abB\u00bb e l'antenato comune con il commit \u00abA\u00bb.\n<p>Ad esempio, quando si lavora su un ramo separato my-feature, la funzionalit\u00e0 proposta pu\u00f2 essere utilizzata quando \u00e8 necessario partire da un altro ramo, ad esempio dallo stesso punto del ramo master da cui \u00e8 stato estratto il ramo my-feature. In precedenza, era necessario esaminare manualmente il log delle modifiche, il che risultava scomodo in presenza di una lunga storia di modifiche, quindi eseguire &#171;git merge-base master my-feature&#187; per calcolare l'hash della base di fusione tra i rami master e my-feature e creare un nuovo ramo rispetto all'antenato comune &#171;git branch my-other-feature hash&#187;. In Git 2.22, per creare un ramo rispetto alla base di fusione di due altri rami, \u00e8 possibile utilizzare la sintassi &#171;git branch my-other-feature A\u2026B&#187;;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta l'opzione &#171;git branch --show-current&#187; per visualizzare il nome del ramo ottenuto dopo aver eseguito l'operazione checkout;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta l'opzione \u00abgit checkout \u2014no-overlay \u2014dir\u00bb, che consente di ripristinare il contenuto della directory dir per riflettere completamente lo stato del branch master durante l'operazione di checkout. Ad esempio, se nella copia locale della directory dir \u00e8 presente un file mancante nel branch master, per impostazione predefinita durante l'esecuzione di \u00abgit checkout master \u2014dir\u00bb esso verr\u00e0 mantenuto, mentre specificando l'opzione \u00ab\u2014no-overlay\u00bb verr\u00e0 rimosso.\n<li class=\"l\"> Il comando \u00abgit diff\u00bb utilizza un'API universale per l'analisi delle opzioni, consentendo di uniformare la gestione delle opzioni con altre utility git. Ad esempio, in \u00abgit diff\u00bb ora tutte le opzioni sono accompagnate anche dai loro antagonisti (\u00ab\u2014function-context\u00bb e \u00ab\u2014no-function-context\u00bb);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata aggiunta la possibilit\u00e0 di filtrare durante l'output di \u00abgit log\u00bb etichette estese associate ai commit (\u00abtrailer\u00bb \u2014 flag informativi aggiuntivi, come Signed-off-by e Co-authored-by). \u00c8 possibile filtrare le etichette sia per chiave che per valore, ad esempio:<br \/>\n\u00abgit log \u2014pretty=\u00bb%(trailers:key=Reviewed-by,valueonly)\u00bb;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\">  \u00c8 stato aggiunto un nuovo meccanismo di tracciamento Trace2, che offre un formato di output pi\u00f9 flessibile e strutturato. Trace2 consente di raccogliere telemetria sulle operazioni eseguite e dati sulle prestazioni per un'analisi e un debug pi\u00f9 dettagliati (il gestore \u00e8 assegnato dall'utente, nessun dato viene inviato all'esterno);\n<li class=\"l\"> Reso migliorata la reportistica di \u00abgit bisect\u00bb, evidenziando in modo pi\u00f9 chiaro i commit problematici e riportando una statistica riepilogativa delle modifiche per ciascun file (a livello del numero di righe modificate);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stata rielaborata l'euristica per la determinazione delle rinominazioni delle directory al fine di escludere segnali falsi di rinominazione. In caso di dubbi, tali directory vengono ora contrassegnate come conflittuali;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00c8 stato aggiunto un avviso quando si tenta di impostare un tag su un altro tag, un'operazione che di solito avviene per errore e pu\u00f2 portare a segnare il commit sbagliato (ad esempio, la sintassi \u00abgit tag -f -m 'updated message' my-tag1 my-tag2\u00bb creerebbe un tag sul vecchio tag, mentre lo sviluppatore si aspettava che il nuovo tag venisse impostato sul commit a cui punta il tag vecchio);\n<li class=\"l\"> Inclusa la generazione di bitmap per i repository (struttura dati 'reachability bitmaps'), che mantiene informazioni sui set di oggetti accessibili per ciascun commit e permette di determinare rapidamente l'esistenza di un oggetto di base. Questa struttura riduce significativamente i tempi di esecuzione delle operazioni di estrazione dati (git fetch).\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50831\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 Git 2.22.0. 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