{"id":35410,"date":"2019-10-31T22:04:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:04:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:04:10","slug":"cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/cloudflare-predstavil-raspredelyonnyj-generator-sluchajnyh-chisel","title":{"rendered":"Cloudflare ha presentato un generatore di numeri casuali distribuito","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cloudflare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/league-of-entropy\/\">ha presentato<\/a><\/noindex> servizio <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/leagueofentropy\/\">League of Entropy<\/a><\/noindex>, per il funzionamento del quale \u00e8 stato formato un consorzio di pi\u00f9 organizzazioni interessate a fornire numeri casuali di alta qualit\u00e0. A differenza dei sistemi centralizzati esistenti, League of Entropy non si basa su un'unica fonte e utilizza per la generazione di sequenze casuali l'entropia, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/inside-the-entropy\/\">ottenuta<\/a><\/noindex> da pi\u00f9 generatori non collegati tra loro, controllati da diversi partecipanti al progetto. Grazie alla natura distribuita del progetto, la compromissione o la falsificazione di una o due delle fonti non comprometter\u00e0 il numero casuale finale. <\/p>\n<p>Va notato che i numeri casuali generati rientrano nella categoria delle sequenze pubblicamente disponibili, che non possono essere utilizzate per la generazione di chiavi di crittografia e in ambiti in cui un numero casuale deve rimanere riservato. Il servizio \u00e8 volto a fornire numeri casuali che non possono essere previsti in anticipo, ma che dopo la generazione diventano pubblicamente disponibili, compresa la verifica della validit\u00e0 dei valori casuali passati. <\/p>\n<p>I numeri casuali pubblici vengono generati ogni 60 secondi. Ogni numero \u00e8 associato al proprio numero di sequenza (round), tramite il quale \u00e8 possibile recuperare in qualsiasi momento e da qualsiasi server partecipante il valore generato in precedenza. Tali numeri casuali possono essere utilizzati in sistemi distribuiti, criptovalute e blockchain, dove diversi nodi devono avere accesso a un generatore comune di numeri casuali (ad esempio, durante la generazione della prova di lavoro), nonch\u00e9 per la conduzione di varie lotterie e per la creazione di campioni casuali nel processo di audit delle elezioni.<\/p>\n<p>Per lavorare con il servizio e per distribuire propri nodi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.cloudflare.com\/randomness-beacon\/about\/\">designato<\/a><\/noindex> strumentazione <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dedis\/drand\">Drand<\/a><\/noindex>, scritto in Go e distribuito sotto licenza MIT. Drand funziona come processo in background, che si collega a generatori esterni partecipanti in una rete distribuita e forma collettivamente un valore casuale aggregato. Il valore aggregato \u00e8 generato utilizzando metodi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Threshold_cryptosystem\">di crittografia a soglia<\/a><\/noindex> e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pairing-based_cryptography\">di accoppiamenti bilineari<\/a><\/noindex>. La generazione di un valore casuale aggregato pu\u00f2 essere eseguita sul sistema dell'utente senza coinvolgere aggregatori centralizzati.<\/p>\n<p>Drand pu\u00f2 essere utilizzato anche per fornire numeri casuali privati generati localmente ai clienti. Per la trasmissione del numero casuale, viene utilizzato lo schema di crittografia ECIES, nel quale il cliente genera una chiave privata e una chiave pubblica. La chiave pubblica viene inviata al server di Drand. Il numero casuale viene crittografato utilizzando questa chiave pubblica e pu\u00f2 essere visualizzato solo dal cliente che possiede la chiave privata. Per interagire con i server, pu\u00f2 essere utilizzato lo strumento &#171;drand&#187; (ad esempio, &#171;drand get public group.toml&#187;, dove group.toml \u00e8 un elenco di nodi da interrogare) oppure Web API (ad esempio, si pu\u00f2 utilizzare &#171;curl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public&#187; o invocarlo da JavaScript tramite una libreria. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/PizzaWhisperer\/drandjs\">DrandJS<\/a><\/noindex>). I metadati della richiesta sono inviati in formato TOML, mentre la risposta \u00e8 restituita in JSON.<\/p>\n<p>Attualmente, cinque aziende e organizzazioni hanno aderito all'iniziativa League of Entropy, fornendo accesso ai propri generatori di entropia. I partecipanti al progetto provengono da diversi paesi e utilizzano metodi diversi per generare entropia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Cloudflare, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/lavarand-in-production-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details\/\">LavaRand<\/a><\/noindex>, valori casuali <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.cloudflare.com\/lavarand-in-production-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details\/\">vengono create<\/a><\/noindex> basati su flussi imprevisti di liquido in <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0\">lampade di lava<\/a><\/noindex>, le cui immagini vengono utilizzate come input di entropia per CSPRNG (Generatore di Numeri Pseudo-Casuali Sicuri dal Punto di Vista Cryptografico);\n<li class=\"l\"> EPFL (\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne), URand,<br \/>\nutilizza un generatore locale standard \/dev\/urandom, che sfrutta come fonti di entropia l'input da tastiera, il movimento del mouse, il traffico di rete, ecc.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Universit\u00e0 del Cile, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/random.uchile.cl\/en\/\">UChile<\/a><\/noindex>, utilizza come fonte di entropia una rete di sensori sismici, dati delle trasmissioni radio, attivit\u00e0 su Twitter, cambiamenti nella blockchain di Ethereum e un generatore di numeri casuali hardware fai-da-te;\n<li class=\"l\"> Kudelski Security, ChaChaRand, fornisce un CRNG (Generatore di Numeri Casuali Cryptografici) basato sull'algoritmo ChaCha20;\n<li class=\"l\"> Protocol Labs, InterplanetaryRand, i dati casuali vengono estratti dai dispositivi di cattura del rumore e combinati con Linux PRNG e un generatore di numeri pseudocasuali integrato nella CPU.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Attualmente, ci sono 8 punti di accesso API pubblici attivi gestiti da partecipanti indipendenti, attraverso i quali \u00e8 possibile ottenere il numero casuale aggregato attuale (ad esempio, &#171;curl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public&#187;) e determinare il valore in un momento specifico del passato (&#171;curl https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com\/api\/public?round=1234&#187;):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.cloudflare.com:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/random.uchile.cl:8080\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.cothority.net:7003\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.kudelskisecurity.com:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.lbarman.ch:443\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.nikkolasg.xyz:8888\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.protocol.ai:8080\n<li class=\"l\">    https:\/\/drand.zerobyte.io:8888\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50892\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 League of Entropy, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c League of Entropy \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Cloudflare \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 League of Entropy, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c 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