{"id":35687,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kategorii-vmesto-direktorij-ili-semanticheskaya-fajlovaya-sistema-dlya-linux\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:46","slug":"kategorii-vmesto-direktorij-ili-semanticheskaya-fajlovaya-sistema-dlya-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kategorii-vmesto-direktorij-ili-semanticheskaya-fajlovaya-sistema-dlya-linux","title":{"rendered":"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La classificazione dei dati \u00e8 di per s\u00e9 un tema interessante per la ricerca. Amo collezionare informazioni che sembrano utili e ho sempre cercato di creare gerarchie logiche per le mie cartelle. Un giorno, in sogno, ho visto un programma bello e pratico per assegnare tag ai file e ho deciso che non potevo pi\u00f9 vivere cos\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"problema-ierarhicheskih-faylovyh-sistem\">Il problema dei file gerarchici<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Gli utenti si trovano spesso a dover scegliere dove salvare un nuovo file e a dover affrontare la difficolt\u00e0 di trovare i propri file (a volte i nomi dei file non sono affatto progettati per essere memorizzati da un essere umano).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u044d\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u042f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d &#171;\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f&#187;, \u0442.\u043a. \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e &#171;\u0442\u044d\u0433&#187; \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f &#171;\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u044d\u0433\u0438&#187; \u0438 &#171;\u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0442\u044d\u0433\u043e\u0432&#187;.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>L'assegnazione delle categorie ai file elimina in gran parte i problemi di spazio di archiviazione e ricerca: se ricordi (o sospetti) almeno una delle categorie assegnate a un file, questo non andr\u00e0 mai perso di vista.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In precedenza, su Habr \u00e8 stata sollevata pi\u00f9 di una volta questa questione (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/27581\/\">una volta<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/337202\/\">due volte<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/374465\/\">tre volte<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/81352\/\">quattro<\/a><\/noindex> e altri), qui descrivo la mia soluzione.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"put-k-realizacii\">Il percorso verso l'implementazione<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Subito dopo il sogno menzionato, ho descritto nel mio taccuino un'interfaccia a riga di comando che garantisce il necessario lavoro con le categorie. Allora pensai che in una settimana o due avrei potuto scrivere un prototipo usando Python o Bash, e poi sarebbe stata necessaria un'attivit\u00e0 per creare un'interfaccia grafica con Qt o GTK. La realt\u00e0, come sempre, si \u00e8 rivelata molto pi\u00f9 dura, e lo sviluppo si \u00e8 prolungato.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>L'idea iniziale era di realizzare prima di tutto un programma con un'interfaccia a riga di comando comoda e concisa, che avrebbe creato, eliminato categorie, assegnato categorie ai file e rimosso categorie dai file. Ho chiamato il programma <em>vitis<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Il primo tentativo di creare <em>vitis<\/em> \u00e8 finita senza risultati, poich\u00e9 troppo tempo era dedicato al lavoro e all'universit\u00e0. La seconda opportunit\u00e0 \u00e8 stata gi\u00e0 qualcosa: sono riuscito a completare il progetto pianificato per la mia tesi di laurea e persino a realizzare un prototipo dell'interfaccia GTK. Ma quella versione si \u00e8 rivelata cos\u00ec poco affidabile e scomoda che ho dovuto ripensare molto.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ho utilizzato la terza versione per un lungo periodo, trasferendo migliaia dei miei file in categorie. Questo \u00e8 stato fortemente facilitato dalla funzionalit\u00e0 di completamento automatico di bash. Tuttavia, alcuni problemi, come la mancanza di categorie automatiche e la possibilit\u00e0 di archiviare file con lo stesso nome, sono rimasti, mentre il programma gi\u00e0 soffriva per la sua complessit\u00e0. Cos\u00ec sono arrivato alla necessit\u00e0 di affrontare i problemi nello sviluppo di software complesso: scrivere requisiti dettagliati, sviluppare un sistema di testing funzionale, studiare le istruzioni per l'imballaggio e molto altro. Ora ho raggiunto ci\u00f2 che avevo in mente, quindi questa modesta creazione pu\u00f2 essere presentata alla comunit\u00e0 open source. Una gestione dei file cos\u00ec specifica, come quella attraverso un concetto di categorie, solleva questioni e problemi inaspettati, e la loro risoluzione. <em>vitis<\/em> ha generato intorno a s\u00e9 altri cinque progetti, alcuni dei quali saranno menzionati nell'articolo. Fino ad ora <em>vitis<\/em> non ho acquistato l'interfaccia grafica, ma la facilit\u00e0 d'uso delle categorie di file dalla riga di comando supera gi\u00e0 per me qualsiasi vantaggio di un normale file manager grafico.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"primery-ispolzovaniya\">Esempi di utilizzo<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iniziamo con qualcosa di semplice: creiamo una categoria:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis create Musica<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aggiungiamo ad essa, per esempio, qualche composizione:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign Musica -f \"The Ink Spots - I Don't Want To Set The World On Fire.mp3\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 &#171;\u041c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430&#187; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 &#171;show&#187;:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis show Musica<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0451 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b &#171;open&#187;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis open Musica<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0422.\u043a. \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 &#171;\u041c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430&#187; \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044f \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 <em>vts-fs-open<\/em> (gli strumenti standard come xdg-open o mimeopen non mi soddisfacevano per vari motivi; ma, se lo desideri, nelle impostazioni puoi specificare un'altra utilit\u00e0 per l'apertura universale dei file). Questa utilit\u00e0 funziona bene con diverse distribuzioni e ambienti desktop, quindi consiglio di installarla insieme a vitis.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Puoi anche specificare direttamente il programma per aprire i file:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis open Musica --app qmmp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/4823ff69e03b2e8b9986eedfe0604a9d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 &#171;assign&#187;. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#8212;yes.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign Programming R -f \"Introduzione a R.pdf\" \"Pacchetto statistico R: teoria delle probabilit\u00e0 e statistica.pdf\" --yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 &#171;\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 R: \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430.pdf&#187; \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430&#187;. \u041c\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e &#171;R&#187; \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 Vitis-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign Matematica -v \"R\/Pacchetto statistico R: teoria delle probabilit\u00e0 e statistica.pdf\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Fortunatamente, l'autocompletamento bash render\u00e0 questo facile da realizzare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#8212;categories, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis show R --categories<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/7bbaf561e6efe407ec8dfcda3a89c3b8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nota che ai file sono state anche assegnate categorie automatiche in base al formato, tipo (unisce formati) ed estensione dei file. Queste categorie possono essere disattivate se lo si desidera. In seguito, far\u00f2 sicuramente la localizzazione dei loro nomi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f \u0432 &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443&#187; \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign Matematica -f \"Analisi Matematica - 1984.pdf\" Perelman_Matematica_intrigante_1927.djvu <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0410 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438&#187; \u0441 &#171;R&#187; \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis show R i: Matematica<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438&#187; \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 &#171;R&#187;:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis show Matematica R #oppure vitis show Matematica c: R<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Possiamo unire senza scopo musica e linguaggio R:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis show Musica u: R<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433 -n \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 &#171;\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0451\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c&#187; \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>-n 3-7<\/code>, o qualcosa di pi\u00f9 complesso: <code>-n 1,5,8-10,13<\/code>. Spesso \u00e8 utile con il sottocomando open, che consente di aprire i file desiderati dalla lista.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/5e9181a711a88368b38d8cd2f2e628f4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0425\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e &#171;\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430&#187; \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430&#187; \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis create Matematica\/Statistica\n\nvitis assign Matematica\/Statistica -v \"R\/Introduzione a R.pdf\"\n\nvitis show Matematica --categories<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/0bb3381f35cfa2fce381ecc66a62701f.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\/\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430&#187; \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e &#171;\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430&#187; (\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c &#171;\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439&#187; \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign Matematica\/Statistica -a Statistica\n\nvitis show Statistica<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/619c27802802fd93594d3c0050dd78e8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ne-tolko-obychnye-fayly\">Non solo file ordinari<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"internet-ssylki\">Link internet<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Per uniformare l'archiviazione di qualsiasi informazione, sarebbe utile, almeno, categorizzare i link alle risorse online. E questo \u00e8 possibile:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign Habr ColoreAnomalia -i https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/sfe_ru\/blog\/437304\/ --yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In un luogo specifico verr\u00e0 creato un file con il titolo della pagina HTML e l'estensione .desktop. Questo \u00e8 il formato tradizionale per i collegamenti in GNU\/Linux. Tali collegamenti ricevono automaticamente la categoria NetworkBookmarks.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Naturalmente, i collegamenti vengono creati per essere utilizzati:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis open ColoreAnomalia<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>L'esecuzione del comando porta all'apertura nel browser del link appena salvato. I collegamenti categorizzati alle fonti online possono fungere da sostituto ai segnalibri del browser.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"fragmenty-faylov\">Frammenti di file<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u0430? \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e- \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b. \u0421\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 assign \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8212;fragname, &#8212;start, &#8212;finish. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 &#171;\u0423\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439&#187;:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign vitis assign -c Intros -f Duck_Tales\/s01s01.avi --finish 00:00:59 --fragname \"Duck Tales intro\"\n\nvitis open Intros<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b-\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e mediafragmenter \u0438 fragplayer. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e- \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f VLC, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 mplayer&#8217;\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435.<br \/>\n\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b &#171;Duck Tales intro.fragpointer&#187; (\u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435), \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 (\u0442.\u043a. &#8212;start \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438) \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 59 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e VLC \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un altro esempio: abbiamo deciso di categorizzare una specifica esibizione a un concerto di un qualche artista famoso:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis assign \u041b\u0435\u043f\u0441 \"Salvate le nostre anime\" -f \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u043fc - Concerto P\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0441 - canzoni di Vladimir Vysotsky.mp4 --fragname \"Salvate le nostre anime\" --start 00:32:18 --finish 00:36:51\n\nvitis open \"Salvate le nostre anime\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Quando apri il file, verr\u00e0 riprodotto dalla posizione desiderata e si chiuder\u00e0 dopo quattro minuti e mezza.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"kak-eto-vsyo-rabotaet--dopolnitelnye-vozmozhnosti\">Come funziona tutto ci\u00f2 + funzionalit\u00e0 aggiuntive<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"hranenie-kategoriy\">Archiviazione delle categorie<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>All'inizio della progettazione di un sistema di file semantico, mi sono venuti in mente tre metodi: attraverso l'archiviazione di collegamenti simbolici, tramite un database, attraverso una descrizione in XML. Ha vinto il primo metodo, poich\u00e9, da un lato, \u00e8 semplice da implementare e, dall'altro, l'utente ha la possibilit\u00e0 di visualizzare le categorie direttamente dal file system (ed \u00e8 comodo e importante). All'inizio dell'uso <em>vitis<\/em> \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f &#171;Vitis&#187; \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b &#171;.config\/vitis\/vitis.conf&#187;. \u0412 ~\/Vitis \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445-\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b. \u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 &#171;Vitis&#187; \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis service set path \/mnt\/MyFavoriteDisk\/Vitis\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e \u0441\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u0431\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 &#171;\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430&#187;. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f <em>vitis<\/em> sarebbe utile configurare subito un tale luogo (dove verranno archiviati tutti i file di cui abbiamo bisogno) e attivare il salvataggio automatico:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis service add filespace \/mnt\/MyFavoriteDisk\/Filespace\/\nvitis service set autosave yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b &#171;assign&#187; \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#8212;save, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Inoltre, \u00e8 possibile aggiungere pi\u00f9 spazi di archiviazione e modificare le loro priorit\u00e0, cosa che pu\u00f2 essere utile quando ci sono molti file e sono conservati su diversi supporti. Qui non discuter\u00f2 di questa possibilit\u00e0; per i dettagli, si possono consultare le informazioni del programma.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"migraciya-semanticheskoy-faylovoy-sistemy\">Migrazione del file system semantico<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>In un modo o nell'altro, la directory Vitis e gli spazi di archiviazione possono teoricamente spostarsi di volta in volta. Per riportarli a funzionare, ho creato un'utilit\u00e0 separata <em>link-editor<\/em>, che pu\u00f2 modificare massivamente i link, sostituendo parti del percorso con altre:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cp -r \/mnt\/MyFavoriteDisk\/Vitis\/ ~\/Vitis\nlink-editor -d ~\/Vitis\/ -f \/mnt\/MyFavoriteDisk\/Vitis\/ -r ~\/Vitis\/ -R\ncp -r \/mnt\/MyFavoriteDisk\/Filespace\/ ~\/MyFiles\nlink-editor -d ~\/Vitis\/ -f \/mnt\/FlashDrive-256\/Filespace\/ -r ~\/MyFiles -R<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nel primo caso, dopo essersi trasferiti da \/mnt\/MyFavoriteDisk\/Vitis\/ alla directory home, vengono modificate le link simboliche associate agli alias. Nel secondo caso, dopo aver cambiato la posizione dello spazio file, tutte le link in Vitis vengono aggiornate con le nuove in base alla richiesta di sostituzione di una parte del loro percorso.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"avtomaticheskie-kategorii\">Categorie automatiche<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Se si esegue il comando <code>vitis service get autocategorization<\/code>, si pu\u00f2 notare che, per impostazione predefinita, \u00e8 configurato l'assegnazione delle categorie automatiche in base al formato (Format e Type) e all'estensione dei file (Extension).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Questo \u00e8 utile quando, ad esempio, \u00e8 necessario trovare qualcosa tra i PDF o controllare cosa si ha di EPUB e FB2; basta eseguire la query<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">vitis show Format\/MOBI u: Format\/FB2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00c8 cos\u00ec che gli strumenti standard di GNU\/Linux come file o mimetype non mi hanno soddisfatto, proprio perch\u00e9 non identificano sempre correttamente il formato. Ho dovuto implementare una mia soluzione basata sulle firme dei file e le estensioni. In effetti, il tema della determinazione dei formati dei file \u00e8 interessante e meriterebbe un articolo a parte. Posso gi\u00e0 dire che, anche se potrei non aver previsto un riconoscimento accurato per tutti i formati nel mondo, la soluzione funziona piuttosto bene nel complesso. Tuttavia, attualmente il formato EPUB \u00e8 identificato come ZIP (giustificato in generale, ma non dovrebbe essere considerato un comportamento normale nella pratica). Fino a un certo punto, considerate questa possibilit\u00e0 come sperimentale e segnalate eventuali bug. In situazioni strane, \u00e8 sempre possibile usare le categorie in base all'estensione dei file, ad esempio, Extension\/epub.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443: &#171;Archives&#187;, &#171;Pictures&#187;, &#171;Video&#187;, &#171;Audio&#187; \u0438 &#171;Documents&#187;. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"o-chyom-ne-skazano\">Di cosa non si parla.<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>vitis<\/em> \u00e8 diventato uno strumento molto versatile, e \u00e8 difficile coprire tutto in una volta. Accenner\u00f2 brevemente a cosa \u00e8 ancora possibile fare:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>le categorie possono essere eliminate e rimosse dai file;<\/li>\n<li>i risultati delle query possono essere copiati nella directory specificata;<\/li>\n<li>i file possono essere eseguiti come programmi;<\/li>\n<li>il comando show ha molte opzioni, ad esempio, ordinamento per nome\/data di modifica o accesso\/dimensione\/estensione, visualizzazione delle propriet\u00e0 dei file e dei percorsi agli originali, inclusione della visualizzazione dei file nascosti, e altro;<\/li>\n<li>salvando i riferimenti alle fonti Internet, \u00e8 possibile anche mantenere copie locali delle pagine HTML.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tutti i dettagli possono essere trovati nella guida dell'utente.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"perspektivy\">Prospettive<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e &#171;\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u044d\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442&#187;. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code>vitis open Piano<\/code> aprendo l'elenco delle tue cose da fare o quando con un comando <code>vitis open LaTeX<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0451\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 LaTeX, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 &#171;\u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435&#187;.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u041a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0434\u043d\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0415\u0449\u0451 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u2014 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c &#171;\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438&#187; \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b. \u041d\u0443 \u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. (\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c <em>vitis<\/em>, non \u00e8 pi\u00f9 utilizzabile.)<\/p>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">qui una piccola dimostrazione<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Categorie invece di directory, o Sistema di file semantico per Linux\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/0a8e3829424135a6bf9390d2b2654499.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1 id=\"zaklyuchenie\">Conclusione<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Vitis<\/em> \u2014 non \u00e8 il primo tentativo di modificare radicalmente lo stile di lavoro con i dati, ma ho ritenuto importante realizzare le mie idee e rendere l'implementazione accessibile pubblicamente con licenza GNU GPL. Per comodit\u00e0, \u00e8 stato realizzato un pacchetto deb per x86-64, che dovrebbe funzionare su tutte le moderne distribuzioni Debian. Ci sono stati alcuni problemi su ARM (mentre tutti gli altri programmi correlati, <em>vitis<\/em>, funzionano normalmente), ma in futuro sar\u00e0 costruito un pacchetto funzionante anche per questa piattaforma (armhf). Attualmente ho smesso di creare pacchetti RPM a causa di problemi con Fedora 30 e della difficolt\u00e0 di distribuzione su molte distribuzioni RPM, ma in ogni caso pi\u00f9 tardi saranno prodotti pacchetti almeno per un paio di esse. Per ora si pu\u00f2 usare <code>make &amp;&amp; make install<\/code> o <code>checkinstall<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Grazie a tutti per l'attenzione! Spero che questo articolo e questo progetto possano rivelarsi utili.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/gitlab.com\/tech.vindex\/vitis\">Link al repository del progetto<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/457328\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u042f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0435 \u044f \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u044d\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":26733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u042f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043b\u044e 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