{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Installazione minima di CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Non ho dubbi che i nobili doni \u2013 gli amministratori Linux \u2013 si impegnino a minimizzare al massimo il numero di pacchetti installati sul server. Questo \u00e8 pi\u00f9 economico, sicuro e trasmette all'amministratore una sensazione di completo controllo e comprensione dei processi in corso.<\/p>\n

Pertanto, lo scenario tipico per l'installazione iniziale del sistema operativo appare come la scelta della variante minima, per poi riempirla con i pacchetti necessari.<\/p>\n

\"Installazione
\n
\nTuttavia, la variante minima proposta dall'installatore di CentOS si rivela non proprio minima. Esiste un modo per ridurre la dimensione dell'installazione iniziale del sistema seguendo un approccio standard documentato.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nUtilizzando il sistema operativo CentOS nel proprio lavoro, prima o poi si scopre l'automazione della sua installazione tramite il meccanismo Kickstart. Da tempo non installo pi\u00f9 CentOS con il tradizionale installatore. Nel corso del tempo ho accumulato un'adeguata collezione di file kickstart configurabili, che permettono di implementare i sistemi in modo automatico, inclusi quelli su LVM, partizioni crittografate, con GUI minimale, ecc.<\/p>\n

Ebbene, in uno dei rilasci della settima versione RedHat ha aggiunto un'opzione sorprendente in Kickstart, che consente di minimizzare ulteriormente l'immagine del sistema installato:<\/p>\n

\u2014nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Disabilita l'installazione del Core<\/a><\/noindex> gruppo di pacchetti che altrimenti viene sempre installato per impostazione predefinita. Disabilitare il Core<\/a><\/noindex> Il gruppo di pacchetti dovrebbe essere utilizzato solo per creare contenitori leggeri; installare un sistema desktop o server con \u2014nocore porter\u00e0 a un sistema inutilizzabile.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

RedHat avverte onestamente delle possibili conseguenze dell'uso di questa opzione, tuttavia anni di utilizzo nel mio ambiente reale ne confermano la stabilit\u00e0 e l'applicabilit\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Di seguito \u00e8 riportato un esempio di file kickstart per un'installazione estremamente minimale. I pi\u00f9 audaci possono escludere yum. Siate pronti a sorprese:<\/p>\n

installa\ntext\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --accordato\nfirstboot --disattivato\n\nkeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlang it_IT.UTF-8\ntimezone Africa\/Abidjan\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#reboot\npoweroff\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disabilitato\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVoglio notare che CentOS\/RedHat \u00e8 pi\u00f9 permissivo rispetto a Fedora nell'interpretazione dell'opzione. Quest'ultima svuota il sistema in modo cos\u00ec drastico che sar\u00e0 necessaria un'installazione ripetuta con l'aggiunta di utilit\u00e0 vitali.<\/p>\n
Come bonus, fornir\u00f2 un \u00abincantesimo\u00bb per installare un ambiente grafico minimo in CentOS\/RedHat (versione 7):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSia l'immagine minima del sistema operativo che l'ambiente grafico minimo sono stati testati da me e funzionano su sistemi reali.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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