{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Installazione minima di CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Sono certo che i nobili amministratori Linux cerchino di ridurre al minimo il numero di pacchetti installati sul server. Questo \u00e8 pi\u00f9 economico, pi\u00f9 sicuro e d\u00e0 all'amministratore una sensazione di completo controllo e comprensione dei processi in corso.<\/p>\n

Pertanto, lo scenario tipico di installazione iniziale del sistema operativo prevede la scelta della variante minima, seguita dal riempimento con i pacchetti necessari.<\/p>\n

\"Installazione
\n
\nTuttavia, la variante minima proposta dall'installatore CentOS si rivela non del tutto minima. Esiste un modo per ridurre le dimensioni dell'installazione iniziale del sistema in modo standard documentato.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nUtilizzando il sistema operativo CentOS, prima o poi si scopre l'automazione della sua installazione tramite il meccanismo Kickstart. Da tempo non installo CentOS con l'installatore standard. Nel mio lavoro ho accumulato un arsenale sufficiente di file kickstart che consentono di implementare sistemi in modalit\u00e0 automatica, anche su LVM, partizioni crittografate, con GUI minima e altro.<\/p>\n

Ecco che, in una delle versioni della settima edizione, RedHat ha aggiunto un'opzione sorprendente in Kickstart che consente di ridurre ulteriormente l'immagine del sistema installato:<\/p>\n

—nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

Disabilita l'installazione del Core<\/a><\/noindex> gruppo di pacchetti che altrimenti \u00e8 sempre installato per default. Disabilitare il Core<\/a><\/noindex> il gruppo di pacchetti dovrebbe essere utilizzato solo per creare contenitori leggeri; installare un sistema desktop o server con —nocore comporter\u00e0 un sistema non utilizzabile.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

RedHat avverte onestamente delle possibili conseguenze dell'uso di questa opzione, ma anni di utilizzo nel mio ambiente reale confermano la sua stabilit\u00e0 e applicabilit\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Di seguito un esempio di file kickstart per l'installazione minima. Gli audaci possono escludere yum. Siate pronti a sorprese:<\/p>\n

install\ntext\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --agreed\nfirstboot --disable\n\nkeyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlang it_IT.UTF-8\ntimezone Africa\/Abidjan\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nrootpw --plaintext ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nnetwork --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#reboot\npoweroff\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disable\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVorrei notare che CentOS\/RedHat \u00e8 pi\u00f9 permissivo di Fedora nell'interpretazione dell'opzione. Quest'ultima svuota il sistema in modo tale che sar\u00e0 necessaria una reinstallazione con l'aggiunta di utilit\u00e0 vitali.<\/p>\n
Come bonus, riporter\u00f2 \"l'incantesimo\" per installare un ambiente grafico minimale in CentOS\/RedHat (versione 7):<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSia l'immagine minimale del sistema operativo che l'ambiente grafico minimale sono stati testati da me e funzionano su sistemi reali.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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