{"id":36378,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/napisanie-programmnogo-obespecheniya-s-funktsionalom-klient-servernyh-utilit-windows-part-01\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:20","slug":"napisanie-programmnogo-obespecheniya-s-funktsionalom-klient-servernyh-utilit-windows-part-01","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/napisanie-programmnogo-obespecheniya-s-funktsionalom-klient-servernyh-utilit-windows-part-01","title":{"rendered":"Scrivere software con funzionalit\u00e0 di utilit\u00e0 client-server per Windows, parte 01","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Salve.<\/p>\n<p>Oggi vorrei discutere del processo di scrittura di applicazioni client-server che svolgono le funzioni di normali utility Windows, come Telnet, TFTP, eccetera, eccetera in puro Java. \u00c8 chiaro che non porter\u00f2 nulla di nuovo \u2014 tutte queste utility funzionano gi\u00e0 con successo da anni, ma credo che non tutti sappiano cosa avviene sotto il loro cofano.<\/p>\n<p>Di questo si parler\u00e0 nel seguito. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nIn questo articolo, per non allungarlo troppo, scriver\u00f2 solo sul server Telnet, ma al momento ho anche materiale su altre utility \u2014 sar\u00e0 nei prossimi articoli del ciclo.<\/p>\n<p>Innanzitutto, \u00e8 importante comprendere che cos'\u00e8 Telnet, a cosa serve e come viene utilizzato. Non riporter\u00f2 letteralmente le fonti (se necessario, alla fine dell'articolo inserisco il link ai materiali sull'argomento), ma dir\u00f2 solo che Telnet consente l'accesso remoto alla linea di comando del dispositivo. In sostanza, questo \u00e8 il suo unico scopo (ometter\u00f2 per ora il discorso sul collegamento a una porta del server, di cui parleremo pi\u00f9 avanti). Quindi, per implementarlo, dobbiamo ricevere una stringa dal client, inviarla al server, tentare di passarla alla riga di comando, leggere la risposta della riga di comando, se presente, restituirla al client e visualizzarla sullo schermo oppure, in caso di errore, far capire all'utente che qualcosa non va.<\/p>\n<p>Per realizzare quanto sopra, sono necessari dunque 2 classi operative e una certa classe di test da cui avvieremo il server e attraverso cui funzioner\u00e0 il client.<br \/>\nAttualmente, quindi, la struttura dell'applicazione comprende:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TelnetClient<\/li>\n<li>TelnetClientTester<\/li>\n<li>TelnetServer<\/li>\n<li>TelnetServerTester<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVediamo brevemente ciascuna di esse:<\/p>\n<p><b>TelnetClient<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Tutte le funzioni che questa classe deve eseguire sono inviare comandi ricevuti e mostrare le risposte ricevute. Inoltre, deve essere in grado di connettersi a una porta remota a scelta (come accennato in precedenza) e disconnettersi da essa.<\/p>\n<p>A tal fine, sono state implementate le seguenti funzioni:<\/p>\n<p>Una funzione che accetta come argomento l'indirizzo del socket, apre una connessione e avvia i thread di input e output (le variabili del thread sono dichiarate sopra, il codice sorgente completo \u00e8 alla fine dell'articolo).<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\"> public void run(String ip, int port)\n    {\n        try {\n            Socket socket = new Socket(ip, port);\n            InputStream sin = socket.getInputStream();\n            OutputStream sout = socket.getOutputStream();\n            Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);\n            reader = new Thread(()-&gt;read(keyboard, sout));\n            writer = new Thread(()-&gt;write(sin));\n            reader.start();\n            writer.start();\n        }\n        catch (Exception e) {\n            System.out.println(e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSovrascrittura della stessa funzione, che si connette alla porta predefinita \u2014 per Telnet \u00e8 23.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">\n    public void run(String ip)\n    {\n        run(ip, 23);\n    }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nQuesta funzione legge i caratteri dalla tastiera e li invia al socket di output \u2014 caratteristicamente, in modalit\u00e0 stringa e non in modalit\u00e0 carattere:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">\n    private void read(Scanner keyboard, OutputStream sout)\n    {\n        try {\n            String input = new String();\n            while (true) {\n                input = keyboard.nextLine();\n                for (char i : (input + \" n\").toCharArray())\n                    sout.write(i);\n            }\n        }\n        catch (Exception e) {\n            System.out.println(e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nLa funzione riceve dati da un socket e li visualizza a schermo.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">\n    private void write(InputStream sin)\n    {\n        try {\n            int tmp;\n            while (true){\n                tmp = sin.read();\n                System.out.print((char)tmp);\n            }\n        }\n        catch (Exception e) {\n            System.out.println(e.getMessage());\n        }\n    }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nLa funzione interrompe la ricezione e la trasmissione dei dati.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">\n    public void stop()\n    {\n        reader.stop();\n        writer.stop();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>TelnetServer<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Questa classe deve avere la funzionalit\u00e0 di ricevere un comando da un socket, inviarlo per l'esecuzione e restituire la risposta al comando nuovamente al socket. Nel programma non ci sono controlli dei dati in ingresso poich\u00e9, in primo luogo, nel 'telnet di base' \u00e8 possibile formattare il disco del server, e in secondo luogo, la questione della sicurezza \u00e8 stata omessa in questo articolo, e per questo motivo non si parla di crittografia o SSL.<\/p>\n<p>Ci sono solo 2 funzioni (una delle quali \u00e8 sovraccaricata), e in generale non \u00e8 una pratica molto buona, ma nell'ambito di questo compito mi \u00e8 sembrato opportuno lasciare tutto com'\u00e8.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\"> boolean isRunning = true;\n    public void run(int port)    {\n\n        (new Thread(()-&gt;{ try {\n            ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(port); \/\/ creiamo il socket del server e lo associamo alla porta specificata\n            System.out.println(\"Port \" + port + \" is waiting for connections\");\n\n            Socket socket = ss.accept();\n            System.out.println(\"Connesso\");\n            System.out.println();\n\n            \/\/ Prendiamo i flussi di input e output del socket, ora possiamo ricevere e inviare dati al client.\n            InputStream sin = socket.getInputStream();\n            OutputStream sout = socket.getOutputStream();\n\n            Map env = System.getenv();\n            String wayToTemp = env.get(\"TEMP\") + \"tmp.txt\";\n            for (int i : (\"Connectednnr\".toCharArray()))\n                sout.write(i);\n            sout.flush();\n\n            String buffer = new String();\n            while (isRunning) {\n\n                int intReader = 0;\n                while ((char) intReader != 'n') {\n                    intReader = sin.read();\n                    buffer += (char) intReader;\n                }\n\n                final String inputToSubThread = \"cmd \/c \" + buffer.substring(0, buffer.length()-2) + \" 2&gt;&amp;1\";\n\n                new Thread(() -&gt; {\n                    try {\n\n                        Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(inputToSubThread);\n                        InputStream out = p.getInputStream();\n                        Scanner fromProcess = new Scanner(out);\n                        try {\n\n                            while (fromProcess.hasNextLine()) {\n                                String temp = fromProcess.nextLine();\n                                System.out.println(temp);\n                                for (char i : temp.toCharArray())\n                                    sout.write(i);\n                                sout.write('n');\n                                sout.write('r');\n                            }\n                        }\n                        catch (Exception e) {\n                            String output = \"Qualcosa \u00e8 andato storto... Codice errore: \" + e.getStackTrace();\n                            System.out.println(output);\n                            for (char i : output.toCharArray())\n                                sout.write(i);\n                            sout.write('n');\n                            sout.write('r');\n                        }\n\n                        p.getErrorStream().close();\n                        p.getOutputStream().close();\n                        p.getInputStream().close();\n                        sout.flush();\n\n                    }\n                    catch (Exception e) {\n                        System.out.println(\"Errore: \" + e.getMessage());\n                    }\n                }).start();\n                System.out.println(buffer);\n                buffer = \"\";\n\n            }\n        }\n        catch(Exception x) {\n            System.out.println(x.getMessage());\n        }})).start();\n\n    }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nIl programma apre una porta server, legge i dati fino a quando non incontra un simbolo di fine comando, invia il comando a un nuovo processo e l'output del processo \u00e8 reindirizzato a un socket. \u00c8 tutto semplice come un Kalashnikov.<\/p>\n<p>Di conseguenza, per questa funzione esiste un sovraccarico con la porta predefinita:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\"> public void run()\n    {\n        run(23);\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nE quindi, la funzione che interrompe il server \u00e8 del tutto banale: interrompe il ciclo infinito, violando la sua condizione.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"java\">    public void stop()\n    {\n        System.out.println(\"Il server \u00e8 stato fermato\");\n        this.isRunning = false;\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nNon fornir\u00f2 qui classi di test, sono disponibili di seguito \u2014 tutto ci\u00f2 che fanno \u00e8 verificare il funzionamento dei metodi pubblici. Tutto si trova su Git.<\/p>\n<p>In sintesi, in poche serate si possono comprendere i principi di funzionamento delle principali utilit\u00e0 da console. Ora, quando ci colleghiamo a un computer remoto tramite telnet, comprendiamo cosa sta succedendo: la magia \u00e8 scomparsa.)<\/p>\n<p>Ecco i link:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Toxa-p07a1330\/Temviewer\">Tutti i sorgenti sono stati, sono e saranno sempre qui<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.extrahop.com\/resources\/protocols\/telnet\/\">Su Telnet<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lifewire.com\/what-does-telnet-do-2483642\">Ulteriori informazioni su Telnet<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Fonte: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/460569\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442 Windows, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e Telnet, TFTP, et cetera, et cetera \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 Jav\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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