{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"Un'altra opinione sulla differenza tra bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Recentemente ho scoperto questo articolo: Differenza tra bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin<\/a><\/noindex>Vorrei condividere il mio punto di vista sullo standard.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nContiene comandi che possono essere utilizzati sia dagli amministratori di sistema che dagli utenti, ma che sono necessari quando non sono montati altri file system (ad esempio, in modalit\u00e0 single-user). Pu\u00f2 anche contenere comandi che vengono utilizzati indirettamente dagli script.<\/p>\n

Ci si aspetta la presenza dei seguenti comandi:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, false<\/b>, nome host<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u00c8 possibile creare symlink su \/usr, anche se ai tempi di systemd \/usr su un dispositivo separato non \u00e8 comune, si pu\u00f2 ancora trovare in un sistema embedded, in un semaforo, in un macinacaff\u00e8 e in un PDP-11 che serve un importante strumento in uno dei laboratori dell'Accademia delle Scienze.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nLe utility utilizzate per l'amministrazione di sistema (e altri comandi solo per root), \/sbin contiene file binari necessari per l'avvio, il recupero, la riparazione e\/o il ripristino del sistema, oltre ai file binari in \/bin. I programmi eseguiti dopo che \/usr \u00e8 montato (quando non ci sono problemi) sono generalmente collocati in \/usr\/sbin. I programmi di amministrazione di sistema installati localmente devono essere collocati in \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

Ci si aspetta:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Uno dei modi per proteggere il sistema da mani audaci \u00e8 vietare l'esecuzione di queste utility a chiunque, impostando l'attributo x.
\nInoltre, sostituire \/bin e \/sbin con copie da un archivio (identico per tutti i sistemi omogenei) \u00e8 un modo rapido per riparare sistemi senza un gestore di pacchetti.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nQui \u00e8 tutto semplice. Comandi omogenei, uguali per tutti i server\/macchine da caff\u00e8 dell'azienda. E \/usr pu\u00f2 essere distribuito in modo identico per diversi OS (per \/bin e \/sbin questo di solito non funziona), essendo programmi architetturalmente indipendenti. Pu\u00f2 contenere link a interpreti perl o python, che si trovano in \/opt o da qualche altra parte in rete.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nStesso concetto di \/usr\/bin, ma riservato solo agli amministratori.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nUna delle posizioni pi\u00f9 importanti. A differenza di altri, \/usr non pu\u00f2 essere uguale per l'intera organizzazione. Qui si trovano programmi dipendenti dal sistema operativo, dipendenti dall'hardware e semplicemente programmi che non sono necessari su tutti i dispositivi. Durante la sincronizzazione di \/usr sulle macchine, \/usr\/local deve essere escluso.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nQui si tratta di un caso simile a \/usr\/local, dove sono presenti programmi specifici per ciascun utente. \u00c8 possibile trasferirli (o sincronizzarli) su un altro computer durante il trasferimento dell'utente. Ci\u00f2 che non pu\u00f2 essere trasferito viene riposto in \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. Si pu\u00f2 usare local senza il punto. \/home\/$USER\/sbin \u00e8 assente per motivi comprensibili.<\/p>\n

Sarei felice di ricevere correzioni e integrazioni.<\/p>\n

Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442. \/bin \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435). \u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Un'altra opinione sulla differenza tra bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin | ProHoster","description":"Di recente ho scoperto questo articolo: Differenza tra bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:13:23+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:13:23+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"36723","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-22 04:34:22","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 01:40:22","updated":"2026-01-22 04:34:22","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36723"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36723\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}