{"id":38012,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","slug":"realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","title":{"rendered":"L'implementazione di DDIO nei chip Intel consente un attacco di rete per la registrazione dei tasti in una sessione SSH.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un gruppo di ricercatori dell'Universit\u00e0 Vrije di Amsterdam e dell'\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne ha sviluppato una tecnica di attacco di rete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vusec.net\/projects\/netcat\/\">NetCAT<\/a><\/noindex> (Network Cache ATtack), che consente, utilizzando metodi di analisi dei dati tramite canali esterni, di determinare da remoto i tasti premuti dall'utente durante una sessione SSH. Il problema si manifesta solo su server che utilizzano le tecnologie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remote_direct_memory_access\">RDMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Remote direct memory access) e <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_memory_access#DDIO\">DDIO<\/a><\/noindex> (Data-Direct I\/O).<\/p>\n<p>Azienda Intel  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/more-information-netcat\">ritiene<\/a><\/noindex>, il che rende difficile l'implementazione dell'attacco nella pratica, poich\u00e9 richiede l'accesso dell'attaccante alla rete locale, condizioni sterili e l'organizzazione della connessione degli host utilizzando tecnologie RDMA e DDIO, che sono tipicamente utilizzate in reti isolate, come quelle che ospitano cluster computazionali. Il problema \u00e8 stato classificato con un livello di gravit\u00e0 minimo (CVSS 2.6, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00290.html\">CVE-2019-11184<\/a><\/noindex>) e si consiglia di non utilizzare DDIO e RDMA in reti locali in cui non \u00e8 garantito un perimetro di sicurezza e \u00e8 consentita la connessione di clienti non affidabili. DDIO \u00e8 utilizzato nei processori server Intel, a partire dal 2012 (Intel Xeon E5, E7 e SP). I sistemi basati su processori AMD e altri produttori non sono soggetti al problema, poich\u00e9 non supportano la memorizzazione dei dati trasmessi nella cache della CPU.<\/p>\n<p>Il metodo utilizzato per l'attacco ricorda una vulnerabilit\u00e0 &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48591\">Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, che consente di modificare il contenuto di singoli bit nella RAM attraverso la manipolazione dei pacchetti di rete in sistemi con RDMA. Il nuovo problema \u00e8 una conseguenza dei lavori per minimizzare le latenze utilizzando il meccanismo DDIO, che garantisce l'interazione diretta della scheda di rete e di altri dispositivi periferici con la cache del processore (durante il trattamento dei pacchetti della scheda di rete, i dati vengono memorizzati nella cache e recuperati dalla cache, senza accesso alla memoria).<\/p>\n<p>Grazie a DDIO, nella cache della CPU vengono memorizzati anche i dati generati durante attivit\u00e0 di rete dannose. L'attacco NetCAT si basa sul fatto che le schede di rete memorizzano attivamente i dati e che la velocit\u00e0 di elaborazione dei pacchetti nelle moderne reti locali \u00e8 sufficiente per influenzare il riempimento della cache e determinare la presenza o l'assenza di dati nella cache attraverso l'analisi dei ritardi nella trasmissione dei dati. <\/p>\n<p>Quando si utilizzano sessioni interattive, ad esempio tramite SSH, il pacchetto di rete viene inviato immediatamente dopo la pressione del tasto, quindi le latenze tra i pacchetti sono correlate alle latenze tra le pressioni dei tasti. Utilizzando metodi di analisi statistica e considerando che le latenze tra le pressioni dei tasti dipendono tipicamente dalla posizione del tasto sulla tastiera, \u00e8 possibile ricostruire con una certa probabilit\u00e0 le informazioni immesse. Ad esempio, la maggior parte delle persone tende a digitare &#171;s&#187; dopo &#171;a&#187; molto pi\u00f9 rapidamente rispetto a &#171;g&#187; dopo &#171;s&#187;.<\/p>\n<p>Le informazioni che rimangono nella cache della CPU consentono anche di stabilire il tempo esatto dei pacchetti inviati dalla scheda di rete durante l'elaborazione di connessioni come SSH. Generando un certo flusso di traffico, l'attaccante pu\u00f2 determinare il momento in cui nuovi dati compaiono nella cache, correlati a una particolare attivit\u00e0 nel sistema. Per analizzare il contenuto della cache si utilizza il metodo  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7363305\/\">Prime+Probe<\/a><\/noindex>, che implica il riempimento della cache con un insieme di valori di riferimento e la misurazione del tempo di accesso a questi valori durante il riempimento successivo per determinare eventuali cambiamenti. <\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vusec.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/pasted-image-0-2-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"L&#039;implementazione di DDIO nei chip Intel consente un attacco di rete per la registrazione dei tasti in una sessione SSH.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/94cfe014f7db5a164cfbde4493290c61.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Non si esclude l'applicazione della tecnica proposta per identificare non solo i tasti premuti, ma anche altri tipi di dati riservati che rimangono nella cache della CPU. Potenzialmente, l'attacco potrebbe essere condotto anche disattivando RDMA, ma senza RDMA la sua efficacia diminuisce e la sua esecuzione diventa notevolmente pi\u00f9 complessa. \u00c8 possibile anche utilizzare DDIO per stabilire un canale di comunicazione nascosto, utilizzato per trasmettere dati dopo la compromissione del server, eludendo i sistemi di sicurezza.<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"QXut1XBymAk\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/QXut1XBymAk\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Riproduci video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51467\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 SSH. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 RDMA (Remote direct memory access) \u0438 DDIO [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c 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\/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:21:11+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:21:11+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47L'implementazione di DDIO nei chip Intel consente un attacco di rete per determinare i tasti premuti nella sessione SSH | ProHoster","description":"Un gruppo di ricercatori dell'Universit\u00e0 Vrije di Amsterdam e dell'\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne ha sviluppato una tecnica di attacco di rete NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), che consente, utilizzando metodi di analisi dei dati tramite canali esterni, di determinare da remoto i tasti premuti dall'utente durante una sessione SSH. 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