{"id":42216,"date":"2019-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch"},"modified":"2020-02-18T13:45:03","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T10:45:03","slug":"kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch","title":{"rendered":"Concetti di programmazione in Scratch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

Scratch \u00e8 un ambiente di programmazione riconoscibile da molti, in cui l'insegnamento si concentra generalmente sulla creazione di progetti creativi seguendo il principio \"dal semplice al complesso\". In questo contesto, il \"metodo classico\" di apprendimento della programmazione (variabili \u2192 ramificazioni \u2192 cicli \u2192 funzioni \u2192 strutture \u2192 oggetti \u2192 ...) risulta complicato in Scratch.<\/p>\n

Tuttavia, cambiare l'ordine con cui si apprendono i concetti (che chiameremo concetti) della programmazione strutturata, orientata agli oggetti e basata sugli eventi, nascondendoli dietro sprite colorati e animazioni interattive, non significa che non ci si debba concentrare sui concetti. Soprattutto se l'obiettivo \u00e8 non solo sviluppare abilit\u00e0 creative, ma anche insegnare a programmare. <\/a><\/noindex>Questa idea l'ho cercata di riflettere nel mio corso<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Il primo aspetto con cui un principiante nello scratching si confronta sono i sprite. Sebbene in Scratch non esista un vero e proprio programmazione orientata agli oggetti, i sprite possono essere considerati oggetti. In questa fase, l'apprendente vede che nel programma possono esserci molti oggetti, il cui comportamento \u00e8 controllato da script esterni. I sprite ricevono comandi o comunicano, su richiesta, il loro stato, quindi la programmazione si riduce alla gestione degli oggetti.<\/p>\n

Il secondo concetto che si abbatte subito sulla testa del giovane programmatore in Scratch \u00e8 quello della multithreading. Ogni sprite pu\u00f2 avere diversi script eseguiti contemporaneamente. Inoltre, pi\u00f9 sprite possono eseguire i loro programmi contemporaneamente l'uno con l'altro. Risulta infatti pi\u00f9 difficile organizzare l'esecuzione sequenziale.<\/p>\n

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e0 alla prima lezione non possiamo evitare di familiarizzare con i cicli. Altrimenti il gatto non si muover\u00e0 troppo. In questa fase, l'introduzione deve rimanere intuitiva e superficiale. La limitiamo a cicli come \"ripeti sempre\" e \"ripeti ... volte\", che sono pi\u00f9 facili da comprendere. Il ciclo con condizione viene studiato in una lezione appositamente dedicata ai cicli. Questa lezione presuppone la conoscenza delle espressioni logiche e delle variabili.<\/p>\n

Poich\u00e9 Scratch \u00e8 un ambiente orientato agli eventi, \u00e8 pi\u00f9 conveniente studiare i blocchi dell'operatore condizionale prima delle variabili. Gli eventi possono fungere da condizioni.<\/p>\n

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

A mio avviso, tale sequenza \u00e8 migliore, poich\u00e9 per ogni lezione introduciamo il minimo di concetti. Inoltre, non concetti astratti, ma ne vediamo subito l'utilit\u00e0 pratica.<\/p>\n

Se iniziamo a studiare le variabili, \u00e8 difficile dimostrare la loro funzione e utilit\u00e0, poich\u00e9 prima non \u00e8 stato studiato l'operatore condizionale, l'input dei dati e la generazione di numeri casuali. <\/p>\n

In Scratch, aside from lists, a programmer deals with three data types: numbers, strings, and booleans. Here, the type is tied to the value, not the variable. There\u2019s no need to convert strings to numbers and back. Strings are not enclosed in quotes.<\/p>\n

A block that returns a boolean value and has its characteristic angular shape can be inserted into rounded fields. The reverse is not true: where a boolean expression is expected, a regular variable cannot be inserted.<\/p>\n

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

Scratch is designed to prevent critical errors during execution. This is likely why, if you attempt to use a string in an arithmetic operation, it is replaced with zero (see the first screenshot).<\/p>\n

A programmer should know that programming languages are expanded by libraries. While working in Scratch, a student can connect extensions that introduce new commands into the environment.<\/p>\n

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

Le funzionalit\u00e0 in Scratch sono implementate nella sezione \"Altri blocchi\", dove da un lato crei il tuo blocco personalizzato, che pu\u00f2 essere inserito in altri script. Dall'altro lato, devi raccogliere la funzionalit\u00e0 di questo blocco, ovvero ci\u00f2 che deve fare.<\/p>\n

\"Concetti<\/p>\n

Non ci sono valori di ritorno dalle funzioni di Scratch.<\/p>\n

Pertanto, lo studio dei concetti di programmazione in un ambiente orientato agli eventi lascia il suo segno. In sostanza, iniziamo ad apprendere i concetti pi\u00f9 complessi e astratti e, solo approfondendo il processo, passiamo agli elementi della programmazione strutturata. Se questo \u00e8 un vantaggio o uno svantaggio per un primo approccio \u00e8 una questione discutibile.<\/p>\n

Fonte: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Tuttavia, il \"metodo classico\" per apprendere la programmazione (variabili \u2192 ramificazioni \u2192 cicli \u2192 funzioni \u2192 strutture \u2192 oggetti \u2192 \u2026) \u00e8 complicato in Scratch. Tuttavia, modificare l'ordine di studio dei concetti (chiamiamoli concetti) strutturali e orientati agli oggetti \u00e8 possibile.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kontseptsii-programmirovaniya-v-scratch","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"it_IT","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Scratch | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c 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