{"id":42941,"date":"2020-02-17T14:41:56","date_gmt":"2020-02-17T11:41:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/reliz-openssh-8-2-c-podderzhkoj-tokenov-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikaczii-fido-u2f"},"modified":"2020-02-17T14:41:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-17T11:41:56","slug":"reliz-openssh-8-2-c-podderzhkoj-tokenov-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikaczii-fido-u2f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/reliz-openssh-8-2-c-podderzhkoj-tokenov-dvuhfaktornoj-autentifikaczii-fido-u2f","title":{"rendered":"Release di OpenSSH 8.2 con supporto per token di autenticazione a due fattori FIDO\/U2F","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dopo quattro mesi di sviluppo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.mindrot.org\/pipermail\/openssh-unix-announce\/2020-February\/000138.html\">presentato<\/a><\/noindex> rilascio <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.openssh.com\/\">OpenSSH 8.2<\/a><\/noindex>, implementazione open source di client e server per il funzionamento sui protocolli SSH 2.0 e SFTP. <\/p>\n<p>Il miglioramento principale in this release di OpenSSH 8.2 \u00e8 la possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare l'autenticazione a due fattori tramite dispositivi che supportano il protocollo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F\">U2F<\/a><\/noindex>, sviluppato dall'alleanza  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FIDO_Alliance\">FIDO<\/a><\/noindex>. U2F consente la creazione di token hardware economici per confermare la presenza fisica dell'utente, che interagiscono tramite USB, Bluetooth o NFC. Questi dispositivi sono promossi come mezzo per l'autenticazione a due fattori su siti web, sono gi\u00e0 supportati dai principali browser e sono prodotti da diversi produttori, tra cui Yubico, Feitian, Thetis e Kensington.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 OpenSSH \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 &#171;ecdsa-sk&#187; \u0438 &#171;ed25519-sk&#187;, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 ECDSA  \u0438 Ed25519, \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0445\u044d\u0448\u0435\u043c SHA-256. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 PKCS#11 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0434  \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Yubico\/libfido2\">libfido2<\/a><\/noindex>, fornendo mezzi di comunicazione con i token tramite USB (supporta i protocolli FIDO U2F\/CTAP 1 e FIDO 2.0\/CTAP 2). La libreria intermedia libsk-libfido2 \u00e8 stata preparata dagli sviluppatori di OpenSSH. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Yubico\/libfido2\/commit\/601565cbfab772e4adda2d6de1d7f46e9d913193\">\u00e8 inclusa<\/a><\/noindex> nel pacchetto principale di libfido2, come anche <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Yubico\/libfido2\/commit\/5a1d1c33bff0d84fc56bb7f9dd166dbee294cb77\">il driver HID<\/a><\/noindex> per OpenBSD.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 &#171;SecurityKeyProvider&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f SSH_SK_PROVIDER, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 libsk-libfido2.so (export SSH_SK_PROVIDER=\/path\/to\/libsk-libfido2.so). \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 openssh  \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 (&#8212;with-security-key-builtin), \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435  \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 &#171;SecurityKeyProvider=internal&#187;.<br \/>\n\u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c  &#171;ssh-keygen -t ecdsa-sk&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b,  \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 &#171;ssh&#187;. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435  ssh-keygen \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432  &#171;~\/.ssh\/id_ecdsa_sk&#187; \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c. <\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 (id_ecdsa_sk.pub) \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b authorized_keys. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0430 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 (\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c libsk-libfido2, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 &#171;ecdsa-sk&#187;). \u0421\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 (id_ecdsa_sk) \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441  \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430 U2F. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 id_ecdsa_sk \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0443, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 id_ecdsa_sk \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d. <\/p>\n<p>Inoltre, per impostazione predefinita, quando si eseguono operazioni con le chiavi (sia durante la generazione che l'autenticazione) \u00e8 necessaria una conferma locale della presenza fisica dell'utente, ad esempio viene richiesto di toccare il sensore del token, il che rende pi\u00f9 difficile effettuare attacchi remoti sui sistemi con un token connesso. Come ulteriore misura di protezione, durante l'avvio di ssh-keygen \u00e8 possibile anche impostare una password per accedere al file della chiave. <\/p>\n<p>Nella nuova versione di OpenSSH \u00e8 stato anche annunciato il prossimo passaggio a obsolescenza degli algoritmi che utilizzano hash SHA-1, a causa di <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52149\">l'aumento<\/a><\/noindex> \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 45 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 &#171;ssh-rsa&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c RFC \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 SSH \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ssh-rsa \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e ssh \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 &#171;-oHostKeyAlgorithms=-ssh-rsa&#187;).<\/p>\n<p>Per facilitare la transizione verso i nuovi algoritmi, in una delle prossime versioni di OpenSSH verr\u00e0 abilitata per impostazione predefinita l'impostazione UpdateHostKeys, che consentir\u00e0 la migrazione automatica dei client verso algoritmi pi\u00f9 sicuri. Tra gli algoritmi raccomandati per la migrazione sono stati menzionati rsa-sha2-256\/512 basati su RFC8332 RSA SHA-2 (supportato da OpenSSH 7.2 e utilizzato per impostazione predefinita), ssh-ed25519 (supportato da OpenSSH 6.5) e ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521 basati su RFC5656 ECDSA (supportato da OpenSSH 5.7).<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 OpenSSH 8.2 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c &#171;ssh-rsa&#187; \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e  \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430  CASignatureAlgorithms, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c diffie-hellman-group14-sha1. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 SHA-1 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f  (LoginGraceTime). <\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 ssh-keygen \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c rsa-sha2-512, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441  OpenSSH  7.2, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432  OpenSSH 8.2, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 OpenSSH (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c &#171;ssh-keygen -t ssh-rsa&#187; \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b ecdsa-sha2-nistp256\/384\/521, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441 OpenSSH 5.7).<\/p>\n<p>Altre modifiche:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Nel \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b sshd_config \u00e8 stata aggiunta la direttiva Include, che consente di includere il contenuto di altri file nella posizione corrente del file di configurazione (\u00e8 consentito l'uso di maschere glob per specificare il nome del file);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 ssh-keygen \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f  &#171;no-touch-required&#187;, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 sshd_config \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 PubkeyAuthOptions, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433   &#171;no-touch-required&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b authorized_keys  \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;no-touch-required&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 ssh-keygen \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;-O write-attestation=\/path&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b FIDO \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439. OpenSSH \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c  \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435;\n<li class=\"l\"> Nelle impostazioni di ssh e sshd, tramite la direttiva IPQoS, ora \u00e8 possibile impostare la modalit\u00e0 di priorit\u00e0 per il traffico <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc8622\">LE DSCP<\/a><\/noindex> (Lower-Effort Per-Hop Behavior);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412  ssh \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;AddKeysToAgent=yes&#187;, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 ssh-agent c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443. \u0412<br \/>\nssh-keygen and ssh-agent now also use PKCS#11 labels and the X.509 subject name as comments for the key, instead of the library path.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> The ability to export PEM for DSA and ECDSA keys has been added to ssh-keygen.\n<li class=\"l\"> A new executable file, ssh-sk-helper, has been introduced to isolate the FIDO\/U2F token access library.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412  ssh \u0438 sshd \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;&#8212;with-zlib&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 zlib;\n<li class=\"l\"> In accordance with RFC4253, the connection banner now displays a warning about access being blocked due to exceeding the MaxStartups limits. For easier diagnosis, the sshd process header, visible when using the ps utility, shows the number of currently authenticated connections and the status of the MaxStartups limit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 ssh \u0438 ssh-agent \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 $SSH_ASKPASS, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:  &#171;confirm&#187; &#8212; \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (yes\/no), &#171;none&#187; &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, &#171;blank&#187; &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 ssh-keygen \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c\u0438 &#171;find-principals&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 allowed-signers \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e;\n<li class=\"l\"> Improved support for isolating the sshd process in Linux using the seccomp mechanism: IPC system calls are restricted; clock_gettime64(), clock_nanosleep_time64, and clock_nanosleep() are allowed.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52369\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.2, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 OpenSSH 8.2 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b U2F, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c FIDO. U2F \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 OpenSSH 8.2, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c SSH 2.0 \u0438 SFTP. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 OpenSSH 8.2 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b U2F, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c FIDO. 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Il miglioramento principale del rilascio di OpenSSH 8.2 \u00e8 stata l'introduzione della possibilit\u00e0 di utilizzare l'autenticazione a due fattori tramite dispositivi che supportano il protocollo U2F, sviluppato dal consorzio FIDO. 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