{"id":53598,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:31","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","title":{"rendered":"\u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=linux-netdev&#038;m=157532146517289&#038;w=2\">Pubblicato<\/a><\/noindex> rilascio del filtro dei pacchetti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.3<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 3.13. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.3 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.5.<\/p>\n<p>A livello del kernel \u00e8 fornito solo un'interfaccia generale, indipendente dal protocollo specifico, che fornisce le funzioni di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso. La logica di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopo di che questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink ed eseguito in una speciale macchina virtuale simile ai BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello del kernel e di spostare tutte le funzioni di parsing delle regole e la logica di gestione dei protocolli nello spazio utente.<\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438  \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;-T&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445.\n<p>     meta time &#92;&#187;2019-12-24 16:00&#92;&#187; &#8212; &#92;&#187;2020-01-02 7:00&#92;&#187;<br \/>\n     meta hour &#92;&#187;17:00&#92;&#187; &#8212; &#92;&#187;19:00&#92;&#187;<br \/>\n     meta day &#92;&#187;Fri&#92;&#187;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a SELinux (secmark).\n<p>     ct secmark set meta secmark<br \/>\n     meta secmark set ct secmark<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 map-\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 synproxy, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434.\n<p>    table ip foo {<br \/>\n            synproxy https-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 7<br \/>\n                    timestamp sack-perm<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            synproxy other-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 5<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain pre {<br \/>\n                    tipo filtro hook prerouting priorit\u00e0 raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain bar {<br \/>\n                    tipo filtro hook forward priorit\u00e0 filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    ct state invalid,untracked synproxy name ip saddr map { 192.168.1.0\/24 : &#171;https-synproxy&#187;, 192.168.2.0\/24 : &#171;other-synproxy&#187; }<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 set-\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.\n<p>     nft add rule &#8230; delete @set5 { ip6 saddr . ip6 daddr }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f VLAN \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430;\n<p>        meta ibrpvid 100<br \/>\n        meta ibrvproto vlan<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#171;-t&#187; (&#171;&#8212;terse&#187;)  \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 set-\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 &#171;nft -t list ruleset&#187; \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e:\n<p>    tabella ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                type ipv4_addr<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>\u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0438 &#171;nft list ruleset&#187;<\/p>\n<p>    tabella ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                type ipv4_addr<br \/>\n                elements = { 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.1,<br \/>\n                             192.168.4.4, 192.168.2.34 }<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 netdev (\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c 5.5) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\n<p>     add table netdev x<br \/>\n     add chain netdev x y { &#92;<br \/>\n        type filter hook ingress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.\n<p>    # nft describe ipv4_addr<br \/>\n    datatype ipv4_addr (IPv4 address) (basetype integer), 32 bits<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 CLI-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 linenoise \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e libreadline.\n<p>     .\/configure &#8212;with-cli=linenoise<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51980\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.3, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 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