{"id":53598,"date":"2019-12-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:31","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:31","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/it\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-3","title":{"rendered":"Rilascio del filtro pacchetti nftables 0.9.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=linux-netdev&#038;m=157532146517289&#038;w=2\">Pubblicato<\/a><\/noindex> rilascio del filtro dei pacchetti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.3<\/a><\/noindex>, in fase di sviluppo come sostituto di iptables, ip6tables, arptables ed ebtables grazie all'unificazione delle interfacce di filtraggio dei pacchetti per IPv4, IPv6, ARP e bridge di rete. Il pacchetto nftables include componenti del filtro dei pacchetti che operano nello spazio utente, mentre a livello del kernel l'operazione \u00e8 gestita dal sottosistema nf_tables, incluso nel kernel Linux a partire dalla versione 3.13. Le modifiche necessarie al rilascio di nftables 0.9.4 sono incluse nella futura branch del kernel<\/p>\n<p>A livello del kernel \u00e8 fornito solo un'interfaccia generale, indipendente dal protocollo specifico, che fornisce le funzioni di base per l'estrazione dei dati dai pacchetti, l'esecuzione di operazioni sui dati e la gestione del flusso. La logica di filtraggio e i gestori specifici per i protocolli vengono compilati in bytecode nello spazio utente, dopo di che questo bytecode viene caricato nel kernel tramite l'interfaccia Netlink ed eseguito in una speciale macchina virtuale simile ai BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Questo approccio consente di ridurre significativamente la dimensione del codice di filtraggio che opera a livello del kernel e di spostare tutte le funzioni di parsing delle regole e la logica di gestione dei protocolli nello spazio utente.<\/p>\n<p>Novit\u00e0 principali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Supporto per la corrispondenza temporale dei pacchetti. \u00c8 possibile definire intervalli di tempo e date in cui la regola entrer\u00e0 in vigore, cos\u00ec come impostare l'attivazione in giorni specifici della settimana. \u00c8 stata inoltre aggiunta una nuova opzione \u00ab-T\u00bb per l'output del timestamp epocale in secondi.\n<p>     meta time \u00ab2019-12-24 16:00\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab2020-01-02 7:00\u00bb<br \/>\n     meta hour \u00ab17:00\u00bb \u2014 \u00ab19:00\u00bb<br \/>\n     meta day \u00abFri\u00bb<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Supporto per il recupero e il salvataggio delle etichette SELinux (secmark).\n<p>     ct secmark set meta secmark<br \/>\n     meta secmark set ct secmark<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Supporto per le liste map synproxy, che consentono di definire pi\u00f9 di una regola per il backend.\n<p>    table ip foo {<br \/>\n            synproxy https-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 7<br \/>\n                    timestamp sack-perm<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            synproxy other-synproxy {<br \/>\n                    mss 1460<br \/>\n                    wscale 5<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain pre {<br \/>\n                    tipo filtro hook prerouting priorit\u00e0 raw; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    tcp dport 8888 tcp flags syn notrack<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain bar {<br \/>\n                    tipo filtro hook forward priorit\u00e0 filter; policy accept;<br \/>\n                    ct state invalid,untracked synproxy name ip saddr map { 192.168.1.0\/24 : \u00abhttps-synproxy\u00bb, 192.168.2.0\/24 : \u00abother-synproxy\u00bb }<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Possibilit\u00e0 di rimuovere dinamicamente elementi dai set di regole per l'elaborazione dei pacchetti.\n<p>     nft add rule \u2026 delete @set5 { ip6 saddr . ip6 daddr }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Supporto per la corrispondenza VLAN in base all'identificatore e al protocollo, specificati nei metadata dell'interfaccia del bridge di rete;\n<p>        meta ibrpvid 100<br \/>\n        meta ibrvproto vlan<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> L'opzione \u00ab-t\u00bb (\u00ab--terse\u00bb) serve ad escludere gli elementi dei set durante la visualizzazione delle regole. Quando si esegue \u00abnft -t list ruleset\u00bb, verr\u00e0 visualizzato:\n<p>    tabella ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                type ipv4_addr<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>Ma con \u00abnft list ruleset\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>    tabella ip x {<br \/>\n        set y {<br \/>\n                type ipv4_addr<br \/>\n                elements = { 192.168.10.2, 192.168.20.1,<br \/>\n                             192.168.4.4, 192.168.2.34 }<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Possibilit\u00e0 di specificare pi\u00f9 di un dispositivo nelle catene netdev (funziona solo con il kernel 5.5) per combinare le regole di filtraggio standard.\n<p>     add table netdev x<br \/>\n     add chain netdev x y { \\<br \/>\n        type filter hook ingress devices = { eth0, eth1 } priority 0;<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Possibilit\u00e0 di aggiungere descrizioni per i tipi di dati.\n<p>    # nft describe ipv4_addr<br \/>\n    datatype ipv4_addr (indirizzo IPv4) (basetype integer), 32 bit<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Possibilit\u00e0 di costruire un'interfaccia CLI con la libreria linenoise invece di libreadline.\n<p>     .\/configure \u2014with-cli=linenoise<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Fonte: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51980\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.3, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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